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This dissertation poses the question whether the doctrine of Proprietary estoppel can provide the basis for recognising a range of rights in relation to the family home. This question also necessitates a consideration of the doctrine of constructive trusts and the acquistiton of rights under the Limitation Acts. The dissertation proceeds to consider whether the nature of the relationship between parties to a dispute concerning the family home constitutes a heavily determining factor in the outcome of that dispute. It will emerge that in practice the doctrine of propietory estoppel operates differently in respect of each of three broad categories of licence relationships:- i) <i>Licence granted by resident family member</i>. In this first category both parties are members of the same household who jointly occupy the property as their family home. In this context the term 'family' is used in a very broad sense. It includes not only relationships of blood and afinity but also all those relationships where there is interdependence and a common concern by the participants for each other's welfare. The shared values of the participants in these relationships and the meaning they attach to each other's conduct may well be similar to those shared values and meanings which exist between members of the family in its stricter legal sense. The concept of 'family' is as much a functional notion as a decscriptive term. This broader concept of the family is more akin to the term 'household'. ii) <i>Licence granted by non-resident family member</i> In the second category the licensor and licensee are members of the same family but do not share the same house. iii)<i>Licence granted by a stranger</i> In the third category the licensee and his family have been granted occupation rights by someone who is not a member of their family. Since the decision of the House of Lords in <i>Gissing</i> v <i>Gissing</i> it has generally been accepted that the elements necessary to found an implied trust (whether resulting or constructive) of the family home are limited in scope. The longstanding equitable doctrine of propietory estoppel has therefore been revitalised, in an attempt to fill the gap left by the decision in <i>Gissing</i>. The theory of Proprietary estoppel aims to avert the unconscionable outcome which would otherwise result where one party has been encouraged by the holder of a legal title to alter his position to his detriment in the expectation of some entitlement in the property concerned. This dissertation contains an analysis of the case law of England, Northern Ireland, the Republic of Ireland, Australia and New Zealand, for the purpose of considering which forms of unconscionable conduct in the familial context are sufficient to give rise to the equity of Proprietary estoppel. These jurisdictions have been selected because in each, Proprietary estoppel has been used as a means of protecting rights in the family home. Each of the selected jurisdictions has recognised the limitations of the doctrine of constructive trusts in achieving that end. Canadian case law is also analysed to illuminate the relationship between the doctrine of Proprietary estoppel and the doctrine of constructive trusts. It is noticeable that the Canadian courts have effectively ceased to use the doctrine of Proprietary estoppel in the family home context, having replaced the doctrine by a creative use of the constructive trust.

During the 1965-66 school year a study was made of 250 ninth, tenth, eleventh, and twelfth grade students attending the West Seminary of the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints in Brigham City. The object was to determine the extent to which the Latter-day Saint families in this area were holding the Family Horne Evening Program and what variables influenced their participation. Sixty percent of those interviewed said they participated in the Family Horne Evening Program when it was first introduced to the Church membership. Eight months later participation had dropped to 40 percent. It was found that patterns of communication within the family affected the frequency of Family Horne Evenings. Families with satisfactory patterns of communication held the program more frequently than those with unsatisfactory or no patterns of communication. Student attitudes also influenced the frequency of home evenings. In addition, the size of the family influenced the frequency of the home evening . Moderate (three to five children) and large (six to eight children) families held the activity most frequently, very large (nine or more children) families ranked next, and small (one to two children) families held the activity least. The study showed that efforts by the Church authorities to help families hold Family Home Evening Program, through training programs and manuals, were largely ineffective .

Titel: Att växa upp med fostersyskon – en studie om upplevelsen av att växa upp med fostersyskon som biologiskt barn i ett familjehem. Författare: Bettina Eriksson och Johanna Bergh Syftet med den här studien var att undersöka de biologiska barnens upplevelser av att växt upp med fostersyskon, vilken inverkan det haft på deras liv och hur det har påverkat relationerna inom familjen. Vi har genomfört fem kvalitativa intervjuer med kvinnor som idag är vuxna. Vi har analyserat materialet genom systemteori och ett symbolisk interaktionistiskt perspektiv. Vi kom fram till att de biologiska barnen hade en övervägande positiv syn på sin uppväxt. De upplevde att de har fått en ökad förståelse, en ökad empati och insikter de annars inte skulle tilldelats sig, vilket de upplevde som positivt. Det som påtalas och återkommer i flera av respondenternas berättelser var att de har fått mindre med tid med sina föräldrar efter dem blivit familjehem. Något som påtalas och eftersöks av respondenterna är att de ville vara mer delaktiga och sedda av socialtjänsten. Kontakten med socialtjänsten har varit mycket bristfällig. En slutsats som vi gör i studien är att de biologiska barnen inte alls uppmärksammats av socialtjänsten. Nyckelord: familjehem, biologiska barn, familjehemsplacerat barn, fostersyskon / Title: Growing up with foster sibling – a study about the experience of growing up with foster sibling as a biological child in a family home Authors: Bettina Eriksson och Johanna Bergh The purpose of this study was to investigate the biological children experiences of growing up with foster sibling, what impact it had on their lives and how it has affected the relationships within the family. We have conducted five interviews with women who today are adults. We have analyzed the material through system theory and the symbolic interactionist perspective. We concluded that the children had a predominantly positive view of his upbringing. They felt that they have gained a greater understanding, greater empathy and insight they would not otherwise assign to, which they perceived as positive. What was reported and repeated in several of the respondent’s stories is that they have had less time whit their parents after becoming family home. What was objected and sought by the respondent was that they want to be more involved and seen by social service. The contact with the social service has been very inadequate. The conclusion that we do in this study is that the biological children did not get attention of social service Keywords: Family home, biological child, family home placement child, foster sibling

The purpose with this study is to find out the experience of growing up in a family where the biological parents, has taken the assignment as family child caregiver’s. We have taken the help from the following question formulations to immerse ourselves in the subject. How do the biological children experience their relationship to their parents? How do the biological children experience their relationship to the children who are placed in their home? How do the biological children experience their participation in the family home? How do the biological children experience the need for support from outside the family? We have used a qualitative research method and interviewed six respondents with help from a semi-structured interview guide to get the respondents unique experiences told. In this way the respondents own perspective is presented in a phenomenological way, without coloring their stories with our own naive theories. We have processed the material with help from topics that affect our question formulation. Sibling relationship, relations to parents, participation and support from social welfare and also the family home assignment. The results from the interviews are introduced with help from the Attachment theory, KASAM, Systems theory, literature and research in the subject. Our conclusions are that the biological children have had a participation in the decisions concerning the family home. We have also established that the biological children in our study rarely had to take responsibility for the children placed in their home. The result also shows that the biological children experience varying relationships to the children placed in their home. Some respondents describe it as a sibling relationship while some describes their relationship to the placed children more like a friendly relationship. Our respondents experiences to their parents are good with some exceptions during some particular troublesome periods in their growth. Everyone told us that they could talk to their parents about most of the things regarding the family home but they also said that they felt the need of a person outside the family to talk to, like some support from the social services.

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The prevalence of physical inactivity has been recognized as a risk factor for multiple chronic disease conditions in both adults and children. Recently efforts to increase healthy behaviors have been promoted through religious groups (Ken Resnicow et al., 2002). The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS) has a unique program called Family Home Evening (FHE) that could be used to teach and potentially improve physical activity. Six FHE lessons were designed to be taught in 6 consecutive weeks within a family environment. A total of 84 families (parents and children) were recruited for participation. Participating families were randomized into either the control or intervention group. All family members were given pedometers to be worn one week prior to, and one week after the 6-week intervention. The intervention group FHE lessons covered physical activity promoting topics, and the control group was given traditional religious topics for their FHE lessons. ANOVA indicated that in children there was an increase in daily steps in the intervention group (12482.8 SD=4455.3) compared to the control group (11255.4 SD=4048.9), which was statistically significant (F (1,85) = 3.93, p=.05). In adults there was an increase in steps in the intervention group from pre to posttest of 8823.5 (SD=3858.3) to 9947.4 (SD=4222.8) this difference was statistically significant (t = -2.94, p<.01). There was no significant change in pedometer steps for the control group in either adults or children. Results of this study suggest that FHE may be a useful mechanism for increasing steps taken daily. There are other factors that may increase the effectiveness of the lessons such as readiness of the participants to change, number of lessons, lesson content and/or time between lessons.

This study was undertaken for the purpose of determining the effectiveness of L.D.S. Seminary-oriented home night program. The home night program consisted of an experimental group of students holding weekly home nights with their parents, following discussion of gospel principles in Seminary during the school hours. A control group was established which supplemented its program writing weekly summaries instead of directing a home night.

The aim of the study was to understand how the family home secretary reasons and thinks and how they express themselves in their actions towards the family home’s biological children. The method used is qualitative semi-structured interviews, involving six family home secretaries from four different municipalities. The results were analyzed with the help of two theories – the theory of grassroots bureaucracy and the sociology of childhood theory. From the collective views of all informants, the biological children’s attitude towards the family home mandate is considered important. However, participation from the biological children is limited. Education and guidance is directed solely towards the family home parents, without any active involvement from the biological children in these efforts. Some of the informants stress that they as professionals must be better at paying attention to the biological children than what prevails today. The collective results show that family home parents are expected to take great responsibility for their biological children as well as their participation and well-being within the family home mandate.

The aim of this study is to understand from a professional perspective the importance of the biological children’s participation in the family home process and how family home social workers use their room for maneuver to involve the biological children in the family home process. The method used to answer the aim and the research questions was semi-structured interviews with seven women that work as family home social workers and the empirical material was analyzed through a thematic analysis. The theoretical framework we used to analyze the results was Lipsky's theory of Street-level bureaucracy and discretion. The main findings of this study were that family home social workers think that the participation of biological children is important both for the child's own wellbeing, for the whole family's dynamics and for the outcome of a family home placement. The most common methods used by family home social workers to involve biological children are relationship building and different types of conversations depending on the children's age and maturity. The study showsin the family home investigation, there are formalized guidelines that the family home social workers work according to but there are no general guidelines in the work with biological children in the further family home placement. That results in a discretion for the family home social workers. The study shows opportunities for improvement in making the biological children more involved in the family home process and that the biological children's participation is important for the work of family home social workers. Our results both confirm and contrast previous international and national research presented in the study.