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Étude des stratégies employées par des parents d’enfants d’âge préscolaire pour favoriser la saine alimentation et le repas en famille agréablePernice, Stéphanie 12 1900 (has links)
Contexte. Les attitudes et comportements alimentaires développés pendant la petite
enfance influencent grandement la relation future du mangeur à l’égard des aliments. Le
parent s’avère en ce sens des plus déterminants.
Objectifs. Cette étude vise à connaître les pratiques et attitudes employées par les parents
québécois d’enfants d’âge préscolaire pour favoriser le « bien manger » ainsi que le repas
familial agréable.
Méthodes. La collecte de données a été effectuée à l’aide de cartes postales qui étaient
distribuées dans six cent cinquante Centres de la Petite Enfance parmi les mille retrouvés
dans la province de Québec pour ensuite être remises aux parents. L’analyse des réponses
aux deux questions ouvertes figurant sur la carte postale a été effectuée en se basant sur le
modèle des prises alimentaires de Jean-Pierre Poulain.
Résultats. Plus de mille (1257) cartes postales ont été retenues aux fins d’analyses. Les
données recueillies permettent dans un premier temps de connaître la perception des parents
quant à la notion de manger bien. Les notions de qualité et de quantité, diamétralement
opposées se démarquent. Dans le cas du repas familial, la discussion, la présence de tous les
membres à table ainsi que l’absence de télévision sont abondamment mentionnées.
Conclusion. Cette étude permet de constater la variété des stratégies employées par les
parents québécois au moment du repas. Ces données d’une grande pertinence pour la santé
publique permettront de cibler les messages clés à promouvoir auprès de ces acteurs
d’influence dans le développement des habitudes alimentaires des tout petits. / Context. Food attitudes and behaviors developed during early childhood greatly influence
the future relationships that children will have with food. Parents play a major role in this
part of their preschool child’s life.
Objective The main goal of this study is to explore attitudes and behaviors that Quebec
parents adopt at meal time with their preschooler in order to encourage healthy eating
practices as well as enjoyable family meals.
Methodology. To collect data, postcards, an innovative tool, were sent to six hundred fifty
day-care centres, also known as Centres de la petite enfance (CPE), of which there are
more than a thousand in Quebec. The postcards were then distributed to parents, who were
asked to respond to two open-ended questions. Analysis of the qualitative data was based
on Jean-Pierre Poulain’s food intake model.
Results. More than a thousand (1,257) postcards were used in the analysis. Data collected
illustrate first and foremost the vision that parents have of healthy eating and reveal two
diametrically opposed perspectives: quality and quantity. With regard to family meals,
respondents frequently mentioned conversation at the table, the presence of all family
members and the absence of television while eating.
Conclusion. Findings from this study show the diverse strategies used by Quebecers during
mealtimes. The data are essential to defining key public health messages about eating
habits for children that should be promoted among these influential actors.
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Relations entre le style parental, le style parental alimentaire et les pratiques alimentaires de la mère et les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant québécois d’âge préscolaireDulude, Geneviève 10 1900 (has links)
Le surpoids (embonpoint et obésité) chez l’enfant est un problème préoccupant qui prend de plus en plus d’ampleur. Le rôle du parent dans cette problématique est prédominant, puisqu’il assure la disponibilité des aliments, choisit les mets présentés, joue le rôle de modèle dans l’acte alimentaire et interagit avec l’enfant durant les prises alimentaires pour guider son comportement alimentaire. Le parent offre et façonne l’environnement dans lequel évolue l’enfant. Cette thèse explore le rôle de la mère dans cet environnement.
Le parent utilise diverses pratiques alimentaires pour guider l’alimentation
de l’enfant. Certaines sont douces, comme encourager positivement l’enfant à essayer un aliment (ex. Goûtes-y, moi je trouve ça très bon!) et d’autres plus coercitives (ex. Tu ne sors pas de table sans avoir terminé ton assiette). Les interactions parent-enfant lors de la prise alimentaire sont susceptibles d’avoir différentes conséquences sur l’alimentation de l’enfant, modifiant possiblement les apports alimentaires, les préférences, la néophobie et le statut pondéral. Les interactions parent-enfant en général, donc hors du contexte précis de l’alimentation, peuvent aussi influencer les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant. L’objectif général de cette thèse est d’explorer les relations entre les interactions parent-enfant en général, aussi nommées « styles parentaux » (SP), les interactions parent-enfant dans le contexte alimentaire, portant le nom de «styles parentaux alimentaires» (SPA), les stratégies alimentaires utilisées par les parents pour guider l’alimentation de l’enfant, nommées « pratiques alimentaires
parentales » (PAP), les comportements alimentaires de l’enfant et le statut
pondéral de ce dernier. Cette thèse comprend 4 objectifs spécifiques. D’abord, d’examiner les relations entre les SP, les SPA et les PAP. Dans un deuxième temps, les relations
entre les SPA, le comportement alimentaire de l’enfant (préférence et fréquence de
consommation) et le statut pondéral de l’enfant seront explorées. Puis, l’existence
de relations entre l’usage de PAP et le comportement alimentaire de l’enfant sera
évaluée. Finalement, les relations entre les attitudes de la mère à l’égard de son poids et de celui de son enfant et du comportement néophobique de l’enfant seront
explorées.
Cent vingt-deux mères d’enfants d’âge préscolaire, de 3 à 5 ans, ont été
recrutées par des milieux de garde de l’île de Montréal et ont complété et retourné
un questionnaire auto-administré portant sur le style parental, style parental
alimentaire, les PAP, les fréquences de consommation de l’enfant, les préférences
de l’enfant pour certains aliments et groupe d’aliments, la néophobie de l’enfant, le
poids et la taille de l’enfant, le régime actuel de la mère, la perception du poids de
l’enfant, la préoccupation face au poids de l’enfant ainsi que la description du profil
familial.
Les SP, les SPA et les PAP montrent des corrélations. Les SPA, plus
particulièrement les deux échelles qui les composent (exigence et sensibilité)
montrent des corrélations avec la consommation et la préférence pour certains
aliments. Des différences sont aussi notées entre les différents SPA et le statut
pondéral de l’enfant et certains comportements alimentaires. La présente thèse
suggère une implication de trois concepts, soient les SP, les SPA et les PAP, dans
la dynamique alimentaire de la dyade mère-enfant. Des relations importantes entre
les SPA et les préférences alimentaires sont suggérées.
Les futures recherches dans ce domaine devront évaluer l’impact relatif des
PAP, des SP et des SPA sur le comportement alimentaire (consommation et
préférence) et le poids de l’enfant.
Une intervention efficace visant des changements de comportements
alimentaires auprès des familles devra adresser à la fois les PAP, mais aussi les
SP et les SPA. / Childhood overweight is a fast growing and worrisome problem. The role of
parents in this situation is of great importance as they ensure food availability,
chose the presented meals, act as role models in the feeding act and interact with
children during feeding to guide their eating behavior. The parent offers and molds
the environment in which the child will evolve. This thesis explores the mother's
role within this environment.
The parent uses various feeding practices to guide the child's food choices.
Some are kind, such as positively encouraging the child to taste new foods, (e.g.,
give this a taste, I think it's delicious!) while others are coercive (e.g., you are not
leaving from this table until you finish your plate). Parent-child interactions during
mealtime are likely to have different consequences on the child's eating habits,
possibly modifying his food intake, food preferences, neophobia and weight status.
Parent-child interactions can also influence a child's eating behavior without
necessarily being within a food setting. The main objective of this thesis is to
explore the relationship between the general parent-child interactions, also known
as the parenting style, the parent-child interactions in a food setting, known as the
feeding style, the feeding strategies used by the parents to guide the child's food
choices, known as the feeding practices, the child's eating behavior and his weight
status.
This thesis has 4 specific objectives. First, to examine the relationship
between the parenting style, the feeding style and the feeding practices. Second,
to study the relationship between the feeding style, the child's eating behavior (food
preferences and consumption frequency) and his weight status. Thirdly, to evaluate
the existence of a relationship between the feeding practices and the child's eating
behavior. Finally, to explore relations between mother’s attitudes toward her weight
and her child’s weight and neophobic behavior.
One hundred twenty-two mothers of preschoolers aged 3 to 5, were
recruited by daycare centers on the island of Montreal and completed and auto-administered questionnaire on parenting style, feeding style, feeding practices,
child consumption frequency, child preference for certain foods and food groups,
child neophobia, child weight and height, the mother's diet, the mother's perception
of the child's weight, the mother's concern regarding the child's weight and a
description of the family profile.
Parenting styles, feeding style and feeding practices display correlations
among themselves. The feeding styles, more precisely the two scales that describe
them (demandingness and sensibility), show correlations with the consumption and
preference for certain foods. Differences were also noted between various feeding
styles and child weight status and certain eating behaviors.
The following thesis suggests that three concepts are implicated in the
feeding dynamic of the mother-child dyad; the parenting style, the feeding style and
the feeding practices. It is suggested that the feeding style and food prerefences
are correlated.
Future research in this field will need to evaluate the relative impact of
feeding practices, parenting styles and feeding styles on eating behavior
(consumption and preferences) and child weight.
An effective intervention seeking to change eating behavior among families
will need to address parent feeding practices as well as parenting style and feeding
style.
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Attitudes et pratiques d’éducatrices en milieux de garde au Québec à l’égard de l’alimentation des enfantsBélanger, Marc 10 1900 (has links)
Contexte. De plus en plus d’enfants fréquentent les milieux de garde et y consomment leur repas. Les éducatrices présentes constituent des modèles dont les attitudes et les pratiques alimentaires peuvent contribuer au développement des habitudes alimentaires des enfants. Toutefois, peu d’études ont été menées sur le sujet.
Objectifs. Décrire les attitudes et les stratégies d’éducatrices en milieux de garde au Québec à l’égard de l’alimentation des enfants et dégager les styles alimentaires dominants.
Méthode. La collecte de données a eu lieu par sondage sur le site Web www.nospetitsmangeurs.org. À partir de 86 énoncés, la recherche a documenté les styles et pratiques alimentaires des éducatrices au moyen de huit mises en situation : mets principal non apprécié par l’éducatrice, aliment particulier non apprécié par un enfant, nouveau mets non désiré par les enfants, enfant difficile ne voulant pas manger, enfant qui n’a pas faim, fillette avec embonpoint, fillette de petit poids et enfant n’ayant pas terminé son repas.
Analyse statistique. Des statistiques descriptives, des échelles de fiabilité et des corrélations ont été générées. Des tests de t pour échantillons appariés ont également été utilisés pour évaluer le degré relatif des styles alimentaires.
Résultats. Au total, 371 répondants ont rempli l’ensemble du questionnaire. Globalement, les éducatrices étudiées utilisent le style alimentaire démocratique. Celles-ci mentionnent représenter des modèles pour les enfants. Elles encouragent aussi les enfants à manger et utilisent la division des responsabilités. Paradoxalement, la pratique alimentaire associée au style autoritaire la plus utilisée est la pression à manger, pratique en opposition avec le concept de division des responsabilités.
Conclusion. Cette étude indique que les éducatrices démontrent des attitudes positives à l’égard de l’alimentation des enfants. Malgré certaines discordances à l’égard de stratégies utilisées, ces résultats sont encourageants, car le style alimentaire démocratique permet aux enfants de reconnaitre leurs signaux de faim et de satiété. / Context. More and more children go to daycare centres and have their meals in these settings. Caregivers are role models whose attitudes and feeding practices may contribute to the development of children's eating habits. However, few studies have been conducted on this subject.
Objectives. To describe the attitudes and strategies of caregivers working in daycare settings with respect to children’s diets and identify dominant feeding styles.
Methodology. Data collection was conducted by means of a survey on the www.nospetitsmangeurs.org website. A total of 86 statements were used to document the feeding styles and practices of caregivers as revealed through eight scenarios: a main dish not liked by the caregiver, a specific food not liked by a child, a new meal refused by children, a picky eater who does not want to eat, a child who is not hungry, an overweight little girl, a underweight girl and a child who has not finished his/her meal.
Statistical analysis. Descriptive statistics, reliability scales and correlations were generated. T tests for paired samples were also used to assess the relative importance of feeding styles.
Results. A total of 371 respondents completed the questionnaire. Overall, the caregivers use a democratic feeding style. They mentioned being role models for the children. They also encourage children to eat and they favor division of responsibilities. However, the most widely used feeding practice related to the authoritarian style is the pressure to eat, a practice contrary to the division of responsibilities concept.
Conclusion. This study indicates that caregivers demonstrate positive attitudes towards child feeding. Despite some discrepancies with respect to strategies used, these results are encouraging since a democratic feeding style allows children to recognize their hunger and satiety cues.
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Relationship of feeding practices, anthropometric status and gut function in infants in Dzimauli Community in South AfricaMahopo, Tjale Cloupas 11 February 2015 (has links)
Department of Nutrition / MSCPNT
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An investigation of the interppretation of the growth chart and feeding practices of caregivers of children under five years from the Greater Tzaneen Municipality, Limpopo Province, South AfricaSibanda, M. N. 08 March 2016 (has links)
Department of Nutrition / MSCPNT
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The influence of caregivers nutrition knowledge and feeding practices on the nutritional status of children 2 to 5 years old in the Makhuduthaga Municipality, South Africa.Motebejana, Tubake Tinny 18 May 2018 (has links)
MSCPNT / Department of Nutrition / Malnutrition is a problem facing virtually every country in the world.
Inappropriate feeding practices such as bottle feeding, early introduction of
weaning foods, lack of variety in the diet are a known major cause of the onset
of malnutrition in young children. Lack of nutrition knowledge, particularly
about feeding practices, is critical as it affects the nutritional status of children.
The purpose of this study was to determine the influence of caregivers’
nutrition knowledge and feeding practices on the nutritional status of 2 to 5
years old children in the Makhuduthamaga Municipality, South Africa. A crosssectional
study with an analytical component was carried out in the
Makhuduthamaga Municipality in the Limpopo Province, South Africa. One
hundred and twenty children aged 2 to 5 years and their caregivers were
conveniently sampled from four villages. A validated questionnaire was used
to gather demographic information, caregivers’ nutritional knowledge and
feeding practices. Anthropometric measurements taken were weight, height
and mid-upper arm circumference (MUAC) of the children as well as weight
and height of the caregivers. Descriptive and inferential statistics were utilized.
Chi-square was used to determine the influence of caregiver’s nutrition
knowledge and feeding practices on the nutritional status of children. The
significance level was set at p< 0.05.
Most caregivers (66.7%) were between the ages of 19 and 35 years. More
than half (54.2%) of the children were male. Most of the caregivers (70%) had
attended school up to secondary level and only 4.2% had obtained a tertiary
qualification. Most of the caregivers (85%) were unemployed. Children were
mostly (70.2%) cared for by their biological mothers. Some caregivers
reported not to have any source of nutrition education (41.7%), while 43.3%
reported that health professionals were their source of nutrition education.
Both nutrition knowledge and feeding practices were not satisfactory in the
current study. Almost all children (94.2%) were breastfed at some stage in
their lives. However, 47.5% were given infant formula while they were still less
than six months old. It was found that more than half of the caregivers (62.5%)
introduced solids foods before 6 months.
Maize meal soft porridge was reported as the main solid food first introduced
to 66.7% of the children, followed by infant cereals (25%). Stunting was found
in 41.7% of children. Prevalence of overweight and obesity was observed
amongst both caregivers and children. Overweight and obesity prevalent of
caregivers was at 30.8%. No significant correlation was observed between the
caregivers’ nutrition knowledge, the feeding practices and the nutritional status
of children. However, family income showed positive correlation with the
nutritional status of children. Nutrition education strategies intertwined with
economic empowerment of mothers should be enforced to capacitate
caregivers to voluntarily make proper feeding practices. / NRF
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Complementary Infant Feeding Practices in AfghanistanNiayesh, Hasibullah NA 01 January 2018 (has links)
Children are at greater risk of malnutrition in Afghanistan than they are in many other countries. Malnutrition impairs the mental and physical growth of more than 50% of children in Afghanistan. It also exacerbates the risks of mortality by 45% in infants and children in Afghanistan. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding complementary feeding and malnutrition in children in Afghanistan. The precaution adoption process model served as a theoretical framework in this quantitative cross-sectional research study. Data analyzed were collected from 306 mothers and children at 6 randomly selected hospitals in Kabul Province. The results of logistic regression models indicated that mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices regarding complementary feeding were statistically significant predictors of stunting in children, Ï?2 (9, N = 306) = 45.33, p < .001; Ï?2 (9, N = 306) = 26.71, p < .01; and Ï?2 (9, N = 306) = 56.97, p < .001 respectively. The strongest predictor was mothers' practicing responsive feeding, where mothers who did not practice responsive feeding were 7.1 times more likely to have stunted children than mothers who practiced responsive feeding. Moreover, the results indicated that mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and practices of complementary feeding were statistically significant predictors of underweight in children, Ï?2 (9, N = 306) = 37.49, p < .001; Ï?2 (9, N = 306) = 41.15, p < .001; and Ï?2 (9, N = 306) = 44.64, p < .001. The implications for positive social change include reviewing nutrition policies, investing in nutrition programs, and operationalizing nutrition education and behavior change interventions for promoting appropriate complementary infant feeding practices in Afghanistan.
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