Abstract This study is based on the ecosystem theory exploring the interpersonal relationship of so-called New Female Immigrants¡¦ offspring. The researcher used qualitative ways as the main research approach for the study, generating information. through literature analysis, sociometric method and interviews. The findings and results of the study as follows: 1. The ecosystem provides a full and complete view of the issue, the relationships among microsystem, mesosystem, exosystem and macrosystem are deeply connected to and thus affecting one another. 2. From the microsystem¡¦s point of view, mothers¡¦ and teachers¡¦ attitude has had a great impact on the interpersonal relationships of their offspring. 3. Looking at things from the mesosystem¡¦s perspective, parents and teachers rarely communicate with each other. And due to limitation in language expression, the new female immigrants from the southeastern Asia could not rely on the homework diary as the major source of teacher¡¦s ideas information from, which is the most important communication tool between teachers and parents. Therefore, difficulties in language made it harder for the parents to participate in children¡¦s school lives, and affecting the quality of parent and children interaction. 4. As for exosystem considered, the findings concerning the aspects of ¡§school administration¡¨, ¡§curriculum and instruction¡¨, and ¡§policy¡¨, show that educators and policy makers had been lacking of multicultural thinking, and thus leading to a situation where community resources aren¡¦t efficiently used. 5. Macrosystem implies the existence of ethnocentrism thinking. Discrimination and prejudice from the public did influence the interpersonal relationship and adaptability of new female immigrants and their children. According to the above findings, some suggestions were proposed by the researcher for future measures in education and counseling. Key Words: ecosystem theory, Children of the New Female Immigrants, interpersonal relationship ,case study

This study aims to test the acculturation theory by researching the case of Russian-speaking female immigrants in Sweden. Special attention is given to the role of religious and spiritual practices in the acculturation and adaptation processes. The research is based on data collected during semi-structured interviews with nine Russian-speaking females residing in Sweden. The findings affirm that acculturation strategies chosen by Russian-speaking female immigrants corroborate the data received in previous equivalent studies. The correlation between language proficiency, employment, and length of stay with the choice of integration or assimilation was confirmed. It can be seen from this small sample that cultural context plays an enormous role in the choice of the strategy and the ability to accomplish it. Psychologically Russian-speaking women demonstrated a high level of tolerance and capability to resign themselves to the inevitable, implementing nevertheless their chosen strategy and not resigning. The study showed that religion or spirituality served as no barrier to integration or assimilation. Previous religious beliefs (if the woman had them) remained for private life and never interfered with the integration process which can be partially explained by the very nature of religiosity in Sweden described by the Swedish religious scholar David Thurfjell as “private religiosity”.

This study examines the female immigrants' experiences regarding participation in cricket in their homeland and Sweden. It contains two sections: the first part aims to assess the perceived opportunities, barriers, and challenges of playing cricket in the participants’ homeland and Sweden, and the second part focuses on the impact of playing cricket on their lives, particularly social inclusion in their new societies. Bourdieu’s theory of practices, Putnam's social capital theory, and Self-Determination theory are used as analytical tools to explore the participant's sports involvement in their homeland and host country, how playing cricket in Sweden helps them to accumulate social capital, and their psychological need regarding motivating them to engage in cricket, respectively. This study is based on qualitative semi-structured interviews with seven (07) female immigrants, aged 20-40 years, who play cricket in Sweden. The findings indicate that females with an immigrant background had experiences playing sports in their homeland, but socio-cultural, religious, and gender-related challenges and limited opportunities hindered continuity in their later lives. However, after migrating to Sweden, they rediscovered themselves to engage in cricket in a supportive environment where they faced some challenges mainly related to facilities and getting more female members as cricket is not a native sport of Sweden. They also mentioned that they do not gain any financial assistance for playing cricket in Sweden. It is evident from the study that participants have no language barriers in their team as everybody speaks English. However, participants appreciate the facilities they get from the club, such as practice matches, coaching and resources, and funding from SCF for the female development camp and Premiere League. Despite the lack of financial assistance for playing, participants are motivated to invest money, effort, and time for the positive outcome of cricket, including physical fitness, mental well-being, personal growth, social connection, and a sense of belonging.

Abstract Female immigrants from China and south-east Asia who migrate to Taiwan through marriage has showed significant percentage increases in the population of Taiwan. The majority are married to those who are relatively low-educated and in financial difficulties in Taiwan, so the marriage is often thought to be an exchange of money. As the result, among the mass media, it is commonly seen that they are unfairly treated when reported by the mass media in Taiwan. Owing to a closer attention of the public on the race issues in recent years, the government is actively legislating to ensure the legal rights for the immigrants in Taiwan. Regulated by law, in some researches, the mass media are also found to present a positive image of the female immigrants in their reports. Considering the time and environment differences, this research mainly focuses on the image changing of the female immigrants in Taiwan among the mass media and the social exclusion they have caused. This research takes Content Analysis as the study method to have the complete knowledge of the related news of the female immigrants from China Times, The Liberty Times in, and Apple Daily in the last three years (2008~2011). The following are the issues discussed in this research: 1. How does print media describe female immigrants? 2. What is the image construction of female immigrants in print media? 3. What is the relation between social exclusion and image construction of female immigrants in print media? In this research, it is found that the image construction of the female immigrants in Taiwan by the newspaper is still presented negatively in most cases. The report direction, topic and image are still giving a negative message on the image construction of the female immigrants in Taiwan. In these reports, they are considered as the belongings of men and the underprivileged minority with low socioeconomic status and suffer from the racial discrimination. In addition, by the cultural exclusion, the female immigrants in Taiwan are excluded from the social system. Although the government are legislating the civil rights to reduce the exclusion, due to the unfavorable image on the media and the amendments of the policies waiting to be approved, it still can¡¦t prevent the female immigrants from being excluded culturally, legally, and even economically. Key words: female immigrants in Taiwan, social construction, social exclusion, content analysis, media image construction.

Due to the prevalence of transnational marriages, the issues related to foreign spouses have become a focus of the government, a wide variety of related organizations, media and academia in Taiwan. Some people within these groups mentioned that the relevant issues were, in fact, over discussed. Actually, according to the statistics of the Ministry of the Interior, before the Interview System was established in 2004, transnational marriages were only 31.39% in 2003; most of the immigrants were foreign spouses (mainly females). The numbers were higher than those of foreign laborers, and even higher than the total numbers of aboriginal peoples. The foreign spouses have become the fourth group in Taiwan. As a result, studies on female immigrants are worthy of research. There has been less research concerning employment rights and demands, and in particular there¡¦s almost no quantification study. Because of the difficulties in determining vocabulary designed for the questionnaires and interviews with the foreign spouses, the employment demands can only be studied after receiving assistance from the related sections/departments of Kaohsiung County. The study aims to understand the professional trainings and employment demands of female immigrants as well as the remuneration, work hours and humiliation in Taiwan. Based on the collected literature reviews and the workshops on employment promotion, their work experiences and language preferences were understood. Surveys were carried out by 28 counselors of the Veterans Affairs Commission and the study subjects were foreign spouses in the 27 villages/townships of Kaohsiung County. Interviews were held at the Immigration Service Center of Kaohsiung County, and foreign spouses from China were excluded. 1180 questionnaires were sent and 932 were received. Valid questionnaires were 900. The study result shows that: there¡¦s significant influence of age, education level, number of children and husbands on the employment demands. 50% of the foreign spouses from China cannot write Chinese, the official language in Taiwan. Many of them have no knowledge that there are professional training and employment provided by the Service Center; there are no preferred training classes arranged by the Center in which they can participate, such as babysitter training. The present trainings were often merely cooking and housework courses. Regarding the humiliation their reaction is quite diverse; either it is absolutely agreed or disagreed with. Transportation is also a main problem. Almost all foreign spouses have a heavier workload in housework than the ordinary Taiwanese housewives. They work more than 8 hours a day and receive less remuneration. Proposals: (1) foreign spouses from China or Southeast Asia should be separated in the related researches; (2) foreign spouses from China should be differentiated between wife of veteran or non-veteran; the variation of their education level and age should be analyzed; (3) a Simplified Chinese should be designed for the foreign spouses from China; (4) try to avoid the humiliation; particularly the labor condition that is worse than the condition regulated in the Labor Law; (5) encourage enterprises to pick up the workers from home to the company in order to solve the problem of transportation; (6) open babysitter or nursing classes so that the care quality can be enhanced; if the related professional trainings can be continued, the lack of man power problem can be solved and (7) according to the Employment Services Act issued by the Ministry of the Interior that relates to courses lasting for 18 hours: the participants are mostly females at middle age or older; participating in courses is free of charge; and a living allowance can be applied for. But in the questionnaire, it indicated that a participating fee would be charged.

This thesis discusses Mexican immigration into Texas, and the communities in which the immigrants settled. The focus is on Dallas, with particular emphasis placed upon the women of Little Mexico, a specific barrio there. Sources include interviews with the subjects and their descendants, newspaper articles, journals, unpublished theses about Little Mexico, and books.

Female immigration is getting more and more common because of globalization and the rising demand for female workers. Women's experiences of integration often have its foundations in officials', authorities', and society's perspective, which is why it is vital to get a deeper understanding of the women's personal experiences. Thus, the objective of this study is to examine how different dimensions play out in Filipino immigrant women's integration and to investigate Filipino immigrant women's experiences of living and working in Sweden. Furthermore, definitions of equality of opportunity are explored. The data has been collected through 15 semi-structured qualitative interviews. Using Berry’s acculturation theory and Crenshaw’s intersectionality theory as analytical tools, findings showed that Filipino immigrant women face double discrimination in the Swedish labour market. Furthermore, findings showed that additional factors such as marital status, children or pregnancy, education, and gender ideology impact how the women experience life in Sweden. Filipino immigrant women perceive language as a crucial route to integration while the language barrier among loss of social support and discrimination is a significant stressor in the acculturation process.

This thesis investigates how the Japanese women who were born and grew up in Japan experienced their migration to Sweden. Three things are examined. The first regards the Japanese female immigrants’ (re)interpretation and practice of gender. Differences in policies and social systems of Sweden and Japan to pursue a gender-equal society are illustrated through contextualization of social and historical backgrounds of the past few decades and informants’ lived experiences. The second regards their (re)construction and performance of ethnicity. Various meanings and experiences of Japanese cultural space were highlighted in transcultural settings of Swedish society and (re)constructed Japanese ethnicity in Sweden. Having these perspectives as components, thirdly, their multiple, complex and flexible ways of being and sense of belonging(s) are scrutinized by employing translocational positionality framework. This analytical framework permeates all chapters of this thesis and discusses how Japanese female immigrants multiply constructed and flexibly shifted their ways of being and sense of belonging(s) in addition to their positionality in Swedish social stratification depending on situations and contexts they were exposed to. This thesis is an attempt to contribute to burgeoning ethnographic studies on gender and migration by revealing female immigrants’ construction of corrective identities in their contry of settlement. / 本論⽂は、筆者の2018 年3 ⽉から10 ⽉に及ぶスウェーデン王国⾸都ストックホルムとその近郊における⺠族学的調査によって、⽇本⼈⼥性の⽇常⽣活に焦点を当て、移⺠かつ⼥性という彼⼥たちの集団的属性が移住先での暮らしと社会的位置性をどのように形成するのかを⺠族誌的に明らかにすることを主題とするものである。そして最終的に、当該地域における彼⼥たちのジェンダー意識の再形成とその実践の過程、⽇本⼈という⺠族性の現地での再形成とその体現のされ⽅、そして彼⼥たちの状況に応じて多様かつ複合的に形成される集団的属性と帰属意識を明らかにすることを⽬的としている。本論⽂は次の5 章で構成されている。第1 章では研究動機、研究⽬的、理論的背景の考察、調査の概略などについて述べ、第 2 章では調査対象の⼈々の労働⽣活、第 3 章では家庭⽣活を始めとする私⽣活、そして第4 章ではストックホルムでの⽇本⽂化の体験と再現に焦点をあて、個別的テーマに関する⺠族誌的データを検討し、第5 章において本論全体にかかる考察を⾏っている。本論⽂は、近年増加するジェンダーと移住に関する⼈類学的調査に則りつつ、先進国間での移住に焦点を当てた調査である。

Studiens syfte är att skapa en förståelse för hur unga kvinnliga immigranter i Sverige upplever tillhörighet och/eller utanförskap vid användning av olika språk inom familj, bland vänner på arbetsplatsen och/eller i skolan. Studien bygger även på huruvida unga kvinnliga immigranters sätt att använda svenska språket, sitt modersmål samt andra språk kan kopplas till olika typer av ackulturationsstrategier. De följande socialpsykologiska teorierna används för att analysera kvinnliga immigranters upplevelser: ackulturation, symbolisk interaktionism, social identitetsteori och multikulturell identitet. Semistrukturerade intervjuer användes vid insamling av data, och de analyserades med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultatet visar på att modersmål har en större betydelse för respondenterna, och används mest inom familj och med umgänge. Svenska är det gemensamma språk som talas främst i skolan och/eller på arbetsplatsen. Att blanda mellan olika språk görs oftast med vänner. Det framkom även att hemlandets kultur är viktig för kvinnliga immigranters personliga identitet. Vidare visar resultatet att ackulturationsstrategier kan kopplas till kvinnliga immigranters positiva och negativa upplevelser med språk. / The purpose of the study is to create an understanding of how young female immigrants in Sweden experience belonging and/or exclusion when using different languages within the family, among friends at work and/or at school. The study is also based on whether young female immigrants' ways of using the Swedish language, their mother tongue and other languages can be linked to different types of acculturation strategies. The following social psychological theories are used to analyze the experiences of female immigrants: acculturation, symbolic interactionism, social identity theory and multicultural identity. Semi-structured interviews were used in data collection, and they were analyzed by using thematic analysis. The results show that mother tongue is of greater importance to the respondents, and is mostly used within families and with friends. Swedish is the common language spoken mainly at school and/or in the workplace. Mixing between different languages is usually done with friends. It also emerged that the culture of the home country is important for the personal identity of female immigrants. Furthermore, the results show that acculturation strategies can be linked to female immigrants' positive and negative experiences with language.

This qualitative study focuses on the health and well-being of female immigrants in Sweden, exploring opportunities for establishment in a new society. Building on previous research that highlights social capital and empowerment as significant factors for successful establishment in a new society and long-term health and well-being, this study aims to explore if higher education can promote female immigrants’ establishment into Swedish society. Interviews were used to explore female immigrants’ experiences of higher education and establishment in Swedish society. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the empirical material. Higher education was found to promote establishment into Swedish society, ultimately leading to health and well-being. Pursuing higher education was perceived as a means of achieving personal fulfillment and success while fostering new social connections. Important factors in pursuing higher education included favorable living conditions, personal motivation, and a positive educational attitude. The study provides insights into female immigrants’ experiences of how higher education can promote integration and contribute to increased health and well-being in a new country. However, more research is needed to attain a deeper understanding of the driving factors for female immigrants pursuing higher education in Sweden, considering their migrant background, and living conditions. / Denna kvalitativa studie fokuserar på hälsa och välbefinnande hos kvinnliga immigranter i Sverige och utforskar möjligheter till etablering i ett nytt samhälle. Med utgångspunkt i tidigare forskning som betonar socialt kapital och egenmakt som betydande faktorer för både framgångsrik etablering i ett nytt samhälle och för långsiktig hälsa och välbefinnande, syftar denna studie till att undersöka om högre utbildning kan främja kvinnliga immigranters etablering i det svenska samhället. Intervjuer användes för att undersöka kvinnliga immigranters erfarenheter av högre utbildning och etablering i det svenska samhället. För att analysera det empiriska materialet användes en tematisk analys. Studiens resultat visade att högre utbildning kan främja kvinnliga immigranters etablering i det svenska samhället, vilket bidrog till en upplevelse av hälsa och välbefinnande. Att genomföra en högre utbildning bidrog till en känsla av självförverkligande och framgång samtidigt som det främjade sociala nätverk. Viktiga faktorer för att genomföra högre utbildning inkluderade gynnsamma levnadsförhållanden, egen drivkraft och en positiv attityd gentemot utbildning. Studien ger insikt i kvinnliga immigranters erfarenheter av hur integration kan främjas genom högre utbildning och på vilket sätt det kan bidra till ökad hälsa och välbefinnande i ett nytt land. Ytterligare forskning är nödvändigt för att nå en fördjupad förståelse för de motiv som driver kvinnor med migrationsbakgrund och varierande levnadsförhållanden att bedriva högre utbildning i Sverige.