Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-28T19:59:09Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Irineia Lina Cesario.pdf: 465968 bytes, checksum: 3057c536aca0d24472f2b84821fc6361 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2008-05-07 / Fundação Ford / The main issue investigated and documented by the reading of Niketche a story of polygamy (2004) written by Paulina Chiziane alludes to the analogies in the plural dialogue in the space of the perceptive and cultural experience that generate libertarian images of the female conscience in the Mozambican polygamous context. In the course of the intradiegetic narration in the first person, we describe polygamy in a state of dramatic language sustained by concepts of literary theory and recent studies carried out by researchers of African Literature such as Coelho (1993), Leite (1988, 2004), Chaves (2005), Soares (2006), Lobo (2007), Noa (1997), Rosario (1989) and Santilli (2003). Chapter I, The Mirror A Reflection of Dialogue between Feminine and Masculine Love, centralizes the orality and vocality in discourse from Zumthor (1993,2000) under the aspects of Mozambican tongue and language represented in the polydiscourse of the Niketche dance, supported by Baudrillard (1992), Bettelheim (1980), Bachelard (2002), Genette (1995), Eco (1989), Segolin (1999), Urbano (2000), Bonicci (2000), Todorov (1968), Derrida (2005), Barthes (2006), among others. In Chapter II, Discursive Confluences between Feminine Faces/Voices, we demonstrate the discursive convergencies of female and male characters under the polyphonic theory of Bakthin (2002) which allowed us to establish an image of women oriented by caricatural and ludicrous behavior in group performance, founded on the matriarchal system, yet guaranteed by Casimiro (2004) and Tsemo (1992). In Chapter III, In the Legends of Western Orality Africanness, warranted by Perrone-Moises (1978, 2000) and by researchers of the said African Literature, we speak of the I-narrators as esthetical results of a ritualized and up-dated plot of the symbolic past. Lastly, Niketche, a dance of recreation, expresses the transition of the written language and the language of orality giving them a transforming character through body language, the place of the performance of the new writing of the memory, of Western tradition, and the testimonial and biographic change of female voices in a renewed textual universe / A principal questão investigada e comprovada pela leitura de Niketche: uma história de poligamia (2004), da escritora Paulina Chiziane, remete-se às analogias no diálogo plural, no espaço da experiência perceptiva e cultural geradora de imagens libertárias da consciência feminina no contexto poligâmico moçambicano. Na direção da narração intradiegética em primeira pessoa, descreveu-se, neste estudo, a poligamia em estado de linguagem dramática, tendo como suporte conceitos da teoria literária e estudos recentes de pesquisadores da literatura africana, como Coelho (1993), Leite (1988, 2004), Chaves (2005), Soares (2006), Lobo (2007), Noa (1997), Rosário (1989), Santilli (2003). O capítulo I, intitulado O Espelho: reflexo do diálogo entre o amor feminino e masculino centraliza a oralidade e a vocalidade no discurso, a partir de Zumthor (1993, 2000), sob os aspectos da língua e da linguagem moçambicanas, representado no polidiscurso da dança Niketche, apoiada, por Baudrillard (1992), Bettelheim (1980), Bachelard (2002), Genette (1995), Eco (1989), Segolin (1999), Urbano (2000), Bonicci (2000), Todorov (1968), Derrida (2005), Barthes (2006), dentre outros. No capítulo II, Confluências discursivas entre faces/vozes femininas , foram demonstradas as convergências discursivas de personagens femininas e masculinas sob a teoria polifônica de Bakthin (2002), que permitiu prescrever uma imagem da mulher orientada pelo comportamento caricatural e lúdico em performance grupal, fundamentado no matriarcalismo, todavia, afiançada por Casimiro (2004) e Tsemo (1992). No capítulo III, Nas lendas da oralidade ocidental a africanidade , avalizada por Perrone-Moisés (1978, 2000) e por pesquisadores da literatura africana em citação, aborda-se os eus-narradores como resultantes estéticos de uma trama ritualizada e atualizada do passado simbólico. Nas considerações finais, Niketche, dança recriadora, enuncia a transição da língua escrita e da linguagem da oralidade, conferindo-lhes um caráter transformador pela linguagem do corpo, lugar da performance da nova escritura da memória, da tradição ocidental e da mudança testemunhal e biográfica das vozes femininas, em renovado universo textual

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal.

Mémoire numérisé par la Division de la gestion de documents et des archives de l'Université de Montréal

Cette étude, intitulée « Représentations de l’Occupation et le parcours de l’identité féminine dans Η μητέρα του σκύλου de Pavlos Matessis », examine la collaboration sexuelle de la femme avec l’ennemi au cours de l’Occupation italo-allemande, son châtiment à la Libération et sa protestation envers la punition infligée. L’analyse des techniques narratives combinée à celle du contexte historique permettent d’approfondir les représentations de l’Occupation élaborées par ce roman et cernent la question centrale qui concerne la position tenue par ce dernier face à un événement que l’Histoire officielle a considéré comme secondaire après l’avoir frappé d’une condamnation allant de soi. Il s’ensuit de l’analyse que cette fiction au caractère éminemment dramatique combine de façon unique l’histoire à ses modes d’énonciation narrative. Sa particularité est aussi qu’elle s’éloigne sensiblement de la version officielle des événements et articule un discours différent sur un sujet tabou, celui de la collaboration sexuelle des femmes avec l’ennemi qui a été reliée à la prostitution et à la trahison de la patrie. Il fait de cette collaboration l’occasion de l’éveil de la conscience sociale du sujet et de la composition d’une identité sur la base de la libre disposition de soi et de l’auto-détermination, et considère le châtiment public comme un mécanisme de déstructuration du sujet auquel répond le silence comme forme de protestation. Il s’agit d’une œuvre « à l’écoute » de la révolte contre l’injustice de l’Histoire, qui répond dans le présent à la demande insatisfaite de la réhabilitation du sujet et défend des idéaux humanistes qu’elle place au dessus des idéaux nationaux. / The title of the present doctoral research is “Representations of the Occupation and the evolution of female identity in Η μητέρα του σκύλου [The Mother of the dog] by Pavlos Matesis”. This novel revolves around the “erotic” collaboration of a woman with the enemy during the years of the Italian-German Occupation, the public disgrace that she suffered at the wake of Liberation and her protest for the punishment that was inflicted on her. Through a methodology consisting of a narrative analysis in combination with the historical context, I examine the representations of the Occupation that the novel offers in a period that was crucial for Greek history and society, and also the historical fact of the sexual collaboration, which was judged to be of “secondary” significance by official History which filed it as self-evidently condemnable. The conclusion stemming from this research is that the novel, through a fictional narrative with strong dramatic characteristics, combines the story with its narrative ways of expression in a unique way. Its peculiarity, however, lies in its distinctive differentiation from the given facts of the dominant version and in its articulation of a discourse on a taboo subject, for literature as for Historiography, this of the erotic collaboration of women with the enemy, the official evaluation of which connects them with prostitution and national treason. Through this collaboration, which stands as a pretext for the awakening of the subject’s social conscience and the constitution of an identity on the basis of self-determination and self-designation, it sees punishment as a deconstruction mechanism of the subject but also silence as a reaction to the former. Η Μητέρα του σκύλου is a book that “listens” to the protest for the historical injustice, brings forward to the present the unfulfilled request for the subject’s moral restoration and supports the humanistic ideals, putting them above the national ones.

En France, lorsque l’éducation primaire est devenue laïque, gratuite et obligatoire avec les lois Jules Ferry (1881-1882), les pédagogues républicains valorisaient un enseignement par l’émulation. À l’aide de grandes figures de l’histoire nationale, ces acteurs souhaitaient fournir aux jeunes écoliers et écolières des exemples moraux et patriotiques, lesquels incarnaient les grandes vertus républicaines. En général, les modèles exposés aux garçons et aux filles sur les bancs d’école reflétaient et perpétuaient la division des sexes dans la société française : les images montrées aux garçons illustraient un rôle public, militaire et politique tandis que celles présentées aux filles indiquaient plutôt un rôle privé, domestique et maternel. La plupart des études réalisées jusqu’à présent se sont concentrées uniquement sur le contenu des manuels scolaires officiels. Cependant, les exemples féminins mis en évidence dans la littérature jeunesse, en particulier dans les populaires biographies collectives, n’ont pas encore fait l’objet de recherches historiques approfondies. Ce genre littéraire prisé par le public français de la fin du XIXe siècle, mais déprécié dans les cercles universitaires, offre pourtant un riche éventail de modèles pour la jeunesse. Ce mémoire propose ainsi une analyse des icônes morales, civiques et patriotiques dans trois biographies collectives féminines publiées dans la décennie suivant les réformes scolaires (précisément entre 1886 et 1893). Cette étude permet de mettre en lumière, voire de redéfinir, l’identité « féminine » et « française » véhiculée par les auteurs de ces œuvres, lesquels soumettent des modèles alternatifs, moins figés dans les conventions, qui s’éloignent des exemples traditionnels axés sur la différence sexuelle et introduits dans les ouvrages scolaires à la même époque. / As Jules Ferry’s Laws (1881-1882) rendered French primary education secular, mandatory and free, most republican pedagogues designed educational lessons developed on the principle of emulation. By promoting national historical figures and heroes, they mostly sought to provide moral and patriotic models, embodying republican values, to all young boys and girls. Many examples offered in classrooms illustrated and perpetuated a vision of French society based on the sexual division of labor: masculine icons expressed public, military, and political roles while feminine icons revealed private, domestic, and maternal attributes or responsibilities. Previous academic studies on the subject explored almost exclusively the content of primary official textbooks. Meanwhile, feminine models presented in children’s literature, especially within popular collective biographies, have not yet been the object of extensive historical research. Although this literary genre was consumed in great numbers by the public in fin-de-siècle France, it has until recently always been sidelined in academic studies. However, it can be argued that collective biographies showed a significant diversity of role models to French youth. Thereby, this Master’s thesis proposes an analysis of moral, civic, and patriotic icons, which schoolgirls were meant to emulate, included in three collective feminine biographies published during the years following Ferry’s school system reforms (between 1886 and 1893). This study attempts to define the « feminine » and « French » identity shaped by the authors of these books, which recommended less conventional and alternative models, different from traditional examples usually seen in official textbooks of the period.