Girls’ withdrawal from school is posing a major challenge to female literacy in Afghanistan. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of Afghan traditions and cultural norms on girls’ school withdrawal by parents or guardians in Khinjan District of Baghlan Province. To achieve this aim the accounts of 12 mothers with daughters pulled out of school were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the theoretical lens of Existentialist Feminism and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model. The findings suggest that in order to address the problem of girls’ withdrawal from school in Khinjan, the informal communication networks that reinforce the tendency of parents/guardians, especially male ones, to withdraw the girls from school should be influenced by communication channels in the district. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s concept of dialogue for liberation, it is recommended that credible members in the community should initiate and engage in a transforming dialogue about education of girls, with Khinjanis.

Girls’ withdrawal from school is posing a major challenge to female literacy in Afghanistan. The aim of this research was to examine the influence of Afghan traditions and cultural norms on girls’ school withdrawal by parents or guardians in Khinjan District of Baghlan Province. To achieve this aim the accounts of 12 mothers with daughters pulled out of school were obtained through semi-structured interviews and analyzed via the theoretical lens of Existentialist Feminism and Hofstede’s Cultural Dimensions Model. The findings suggest that in order to address the problem of girls’ withdrawal from school in Khinjan, the informal communication networks that reinforce the tendency of parents/guardians, especially male ones, to withdraw the girls from school should be influenced by communication channels in the district. Grounded on Paulo Freire’s concept of dialogue for liberation, it is recommended that credible members in the community should initiate and engage in a transforming dialogue about education of girls, with Khinjanis.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:15:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Marco Aurelio Paiva Gomes.pdf: 14449244 bytes, checksum: 4ae9e06dd739b75e3be25b1bf5be3f8e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2015-06-08 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This study aims to analyze instances of the transgression of heteronormativity in cinema. The question posed for this analysis was: what is the dominant image of sexually deviant subjects (transsexuality, transvestism and androgyny) shown in current cinema screens? The underlying hypothesis is that nothing in their depiction is linked to natural, but that it reflects historical and discursive constructs. Our main theoretical and methodological references consist of gender film studies such as the ones authored by Laura Mulvey, Tania Modleski, Teresa De Lauretis and Robert Stam. The selection criteria was the artistic relevance of directors, their different origins and themes. This study's corpus selected the following evidential ensemble: In a year with 13 moons (1978, Germany), directed by Rainer Werner Fassbinder, Law of desire (1987, Spain) by Pedro Almodóvar, Tirésia (2003, France) by Bertrand Bonello e Laurence anyways (2012, Canada) by Xavier Dolan. Methodologically, this was a comparative study / Esta pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar figuras da transgressão da norma heterossexual no cinema. Tal análise enfrentou a seguinte questão de pesquisa: qual é a imagem dominante do sujeito desviante sexual (transexualidade, travestilidade e androginia) nas telas do cinema atual? Trabalhamos com a hipótese de que nestas representações nada se agarra à natureza, mas a constructos históricos e discursivos. Nossos principais referenciais teóricos são constituídos por estudos de gênero voltados ao cinema, a exemplo daqueles realizados por Laura Mulvey, Tania Modleski, Teresa De Lauretis e Robert Stam. Elegendo como critério de seleção a relevância artística dos diretores, suas diferentes procedências e suas temáticas, o corpus da pesquisa selecionou o seguinte conjunto probatório: Num ano de 13 luas (1978, Alemanha) de Rainer Werner Fassbinder, A lei do desejo (1987, Espanha) de Pedro Almodóvar, Tirésia (2003, França) de Bertrand Bonello e Laurence para sempre (2012, Canadá) de Xavier Dolan. Metodologicamente, trata-se de pesquisa comparativa

Magistro baigiamojo darbo tema yra aktuali, kadangi Lietuvoje smurtas prieš moteris šeimoje yra plačiai paplitęs reiškinys. Tačiau mūsų šalyje apie šį reiškinį mažai kalbama ir rašoma. Darbe teoriniu aspektu nagrinėjama smurto prieš moteris šeimoje samprata, jo pagrindinės rūšys, veiksniai, lemiantys smurtą prieš moteris šeimoje. Nagrinėjami teoriniai aiškinimai apie smurtą prieš moteris šeimoje. Taip pat nagrinėjama smurtą šeimoje patyrusių moterų situacija Lietuvoje. Nustatytos pagrindinės problemos, su kuriomis susiduria moterys, patyrusios smurtą šeimoje. Tyrimo objektu pasirinktos moterys, patyrusios smurtą šeimoje. Iškelta hipotezė, kad moterys, gyvenančios neregistruotoje santuokoje smurtą patiria dažniau, nei ištekėjusios moterys, ir tas smurtas yra daugiau fizinio pobūdžio. Be to, smurtas žymiai daugiau paplitęs tose šeimose, kur vyro ir moters santykiai yra nelygiateisiai, t.y. kai vyrauja patriarchalinis šeimos tipas. Darbo tikslas – išnagrinėti smurto prieš moteris Lietuvos šeimose situaciją, ypatumus bei tendencijas ir nustatyti, su kokiomis problemomis dažniausiai susiduria smurto šeimoje aukos. Darbo tikslui įgyvendinti numatyti šie uždaviniai: aptarti teorinius smurto prieš moteris šeimoje aiškinimus, atskleisti smurto prieš moteris šeimoje paplitimą Lietuvoje, aptarti moterų – smurto šeimoje aukų situaciją ir pagrindines problemas, įvertinti smurto prieš moteris šeimoje pasekmes. Darbe taikyti teoriniai, empiriniai ir statistiniai tyrimo metodai... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / The topic of the thesis is very relevant since in Lithuania violence against women in the family is a widely spread phenomenon. However in our country very little is spoken and written about this phenomenon. A concept of violence against women, its main kinds, factors determining violence against women in the family are discussed in the paper from the theoretical point of view. Theoretical explanations on violence against women in the family are analysed. A situation of women who experience violence in the family in Lithuania is discussed. The main problems are identified which are faced by women who experience violence in the family. The object of the research were women who experienced violence in the family. A hypothesis was raised that women who lived in unregistered marriage experienced violence more often than married woman and this violence was more of physical type. Besides, violence was much more spread in those families where relationship of a man and a woman was not based on an equality, i.e. when a patriarchal family type prevailed. The objective of the paper is to analyse the situation, peculiarities and tendencies of violence against women in the families in Lithuania and define which problems the victims of violence in families most often face. The following tasks were defined for the implementation of the thesis‘s objective: to discuss the theoretical aspects of the phenomenon of violence against women in the family, to analyse the present situation of... [to full text]

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No. of bitstreams: 1 mello_ec_dr_arafcl.pdf: 1971919 bytes, checksum: 58338bd9816996877f62e09d818fb902 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-05-18 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Minha proposta no presente trabalho é analisar os romances O pardal é um pássaro azul (1975) de Heloneida Studart e O tropical Sol da Liberdade (1987) de Ana Maria Machado e suas relações com o Período da Ditadura Militar Brasileira, (1964-1985), uma vez que o primeiro romance foi escrito durante os Anos de Chumbo (1968-1974), e o segundo foi escrito durante o período de abertura política e publicado em tempos de democracia. Nesse ínterim, problematiza-se como se dá nos romances a recomposição de traços da sociedade brasileira da época e se há resistência aos padrões sociais e políticos que se estabeleceram no país -, análise, esta, feita à luz das teorias sobre o romance como fruto do protesto contra regimes ditatoriais, conforme discutidas por estudiosos, tais como, Regina Dalcastagnè, Eurídice Figueiredo e Renato Franco -, e, igualmente, procura-se analisar a resistência como estética e parte integrante dos romances de acordo com Alfredo Bosi e Theodor Adorno. Também se verifica se as características estéticas que permitem o diálogo entre romance e sociedade formam um ponto de vista diferenciado, uma vez que se trata de romances cuja autoria é de mulher. Para discutir tal questão, são postos em diálogo a análise dos elementos estéticos dos romances e seu referente contexto histórico, à luz dos estudos das linhas teóricas feministas que apontam a escrita de mulher como um elemento político para a reavaliação das condições de gênero em sociedade, tais como o fazem Kate Millet, Pierre Bourdieu, Simone de Beauvoir, Heleieth Saffioti e Elaine Showalter. Portanto, embasam-se os estudos propostos em duas grandes linhas teóricas: a teoria do romance engajado e a teoria feminista, levando-se em conta a questão da mulher em consonância com a questão histórica que é vivenciada por ela como pensadora ativa de seu tempo, possibilitando a afirmação de que a condição da mulher, abordada nos romances, não se dissocia da (re)construção da sociedade brasileira, formando um discurso femidesarticulador, no sentido de contestar o patriarcado e suas construções ideológicas. Cada uma das autoras escolhidas pertence à loci culturais distintos e, por isso, traçam a figura feminina e suas crises existenciais de forma diferentes: o romance de Studart parte do arcaísmo social de uma cidade do Rio Grande do Norte, sendo a autora cearense, ciente, portanto, das mazelas pelas quais passava a mulher nordestina em uma sociedade retrógrada; já Machado parte de sua realidade, a cidade do Rio de Janeiro, palco de grandes manifestações contra o Regime e cuja realidade de cidade grande já oferece outro tom na proposição de problemas referentes à figura da mulher, tais como a desintegração da família e a recusa dos papéis tradicionais da mulher. / My aim in this dissertation is to analyze the novels O pardal é um passáro azul/ The sparrow is a blue bird (1975) and O tropical sol da liberdade/ The tropical sun of liberty (1987) with a specific focus on their relations and relevance to the Brazilian Dictatorship Period (1964-1985). The first novel was written during the most repressive period, during those years known as Anos de Chumbo/ the Lead Years (1968-1974); the second novel was written when political openness had already begun and it was published after democracy had been restored. The research and analysis examine, on one hand, how the social and political characteristics of Brazilian society are depicted in these novels and how resistance against enforced social and political rules is represented. This analysis is done in light of Brazilian theorists such as Regina Dalcastagné, Eurídice Figueiredo and Renato Franco whose critical works explicate novels as means of protest. On the other hand, this resistance is also analyzed as an aesthetic and essential part of novels, as theorized by critics such as Alfredo Bosi and Theodor Adorno. Considering that these two novels were written by women, the issue is also raised as to whether aesthetic characteristics that enhance a dialogue between the texts and society constitute a specific point of view in these fictions. To address this issue, the given historical context is contrasted with an analysis of aesthetic elements in both novels, taking into account feminist theories that identify women’s writing as constituting a reassessment of gender conditions in society, as proposed by Kate Millet, Pierre Bourdieu, Simone de Beauvoir, Heleieth Saffioti and Elaine Showalter. Focusing on the question of women as active thinkers of their time, this project argues that the condition of being a woman that is depicted in the novels cannot be dissociated from the (re)construction of Brazilian society, forming a discourse that can be defined as disarticulating or redefining the construction of the feminine at present embedded within patriarchy and its overarching ideological constructs. Each of these chosen authors belongs to a different cultural background and, therefore, each traces the feminine figure and its existential crisis in a very specific way: whereas Studart´s novel focuses on the roles of women amidst the archaic and conservative social and cultural characteristics of her state of origin, Rio Grande do Norte, Machado sets her novel in the city of Rio de Janeiro, one of the most progressive arenas in the struggle against the dictatorial regime, and explores the refusal of women in accepting their traditional roles.

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This study demonstrates the negative effect of stereotypes in the progression of women in the legal profession in South Africa and the laws, policies and measures that reinforce gender and sex stereotypes are discriminatory on the basis of gender and sex. This notwithstanding, it considers whether gender equality can be achieved where the measures adopted for gender transformation are premised on gender or sex stereotypes. The study analyses the Cape Bar Maternity Policy in concluding that this approach is justifiable and necessary to achieve substantive gender equality. In addition, this study provides recommendations for the legal profession to achieve substantive gender equality that include: special measures to ensure that the working environment is cognisant of the lived realities of women; requiring practitioners to confront their individual bias by holding them accountable for habits and attitudes that maintain gender inequality; and linking the career advancement of legal professionals to a demonstrable commitment to gender transformation. / Jurisprudence / LL. M. (Human Rights Law)