The master thesis The media construction of feminity according to women's lifestyle magazines in years 2006 and 2016 is concerned with values, that women's lifestyle magazines present to women. These values concern with topics such relationships, sexuality, face, health and succees in career. The thesis will examine, in which roles women appear in these magazines. The aim of the thesis is to present a picture of an ideal woman, as the women's lifestyle magazines construct it. The theoretical part is devided into five chapters. The first chapter is focused on historical development of magazine publishing in Czech Republic since 1989. The second chapter describes development of trends in the media content in the last decade. The third part deals with the media and lifestyle magazines ownership. The fourth part introduces a general content of women's lifestyle magazines. The last chapter is focused on the role of women and women's lifestyle magazines in the current society. It discusses e. g. the term "double burden". The analytical part combines qualitative and quantitative content research and its main objective is to describe, how the term feminity and the women values (relationships, sexuality, face, health and career) change in women's lifestyle magazines between years 2006 and 2016. The chosen...

This thesis elaborates the results of the research I carried out wtihin the year 2009 in a paid course of female tantric initiation. The theme of the thesis was inspired by my previous interest in the Goddess movement. As this movement is not yet concretized in the Czech republic, I have chosen participating in a closed women's group which is very close to it due to a specific combination of religion, philosophy and psychology. My goal was to find out what form the women's spirituality has in the Czech environment and what kind of women are drawn to it. While the first part of the thesis deals with the universal characteristics of the current eclectic spirituality generally described as the New Age movement, the second part is devoted to the research itself. I come to the conclusion that the symbol of the Goddess, the key idea of the thesis, is not perceived only as a religious concept but also as a medium by means of which women define their needs and problems resulting from their femininity. By this particular case, I advert to the very psychotherapeutic dimension of women's spirituality. Keywords: New Age, tantra, The Goddess, body, spirituality, femininity, self-realization, strength, motherhood

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The aim of this study was to, by a discourse analysis of LVU court cases, display how conceptions of feminity, sexuality and antisocial behaviour related to gender is constructed and examine whether this construction is characterized by continuity or alteration. We have examined 20 LVU court cases by using a discourse analysis. The results were analysed by using gender theory. The results showed among others that the construction of feminity is created by the courts portrayal of the girls in the court cases and what is portrayed as normal or deviant related to the girls’ behaviour. Behaviours which are portrayed as deviant for girls are for example use/abuse of addictive substances, to put yourself in environments filled with risks, to have behaviours which are negatively extrovert and/or criminal, to have a destructive behaviour in succession to mental illness, not to be an “ideal” victim, to see elderly men and express your own sexuality. One of our foremost conclusions is that the court, by our interpretation, incitements that the girls should assume stereotypical gender roles which are, for instance, characterized by vulnerability, caring for others and the need to be controlled.

Les mises en scène de Brigitte Haentjens placent la corporéité de l’acteur au centre de la représentation théâtrale et le travail sur le corps qu’elle opère transforme ce dernier en un matériau précis et original, touchant directement le spectateur. Afin de dégager une poétique du travail de la metteure en scène, trois transpositions scéniques partageant le thème de l’oppression féminine – La cloche de verre (2004), Malina (2000), Tout comme elle (2006) – sont analysées pour cerner les procédés scéniques grâce auxquels Brigitte Haentjens fait du corps un vecteur de signifiance. Un chapitre sera consacré à chacune des mises en scène afin de démontrer l’hypothèse avancée, qui veut que le contact créé entre le corps des acteurs et les spectateurs viendrait de la vulnérabilité des corps en scène. Ainsi, ce sont des corps féminins dispersés, opprimés et libérés qui seront ici scrutés. La vectorisation proposée par Patrice Pavis permettra de parcourir chacune des productions théâtrales, l’anthropologie théâtrale d’Eugenio Barba servira à nommer l’énergie déployée en scène et la sociologie servira à lier la soumission des personnages féminins aux règles instaurées par la société. Au terme de cette recherche, une poétique de la représentation des corps vulnérables mis en scène par Brigitte Haentjens sera tracée. / Body movement is at the centre of Quebec director Brigitte Haentjens’ theatical productions. Through her direction, the body becomes an instrument which has a profound effect on the audience. The purpose of this research is to determine how this director is able to establish a strong link with her audience through the use of the female body. We discuss three works having similar themes of women’s oppression, La cloche de verre (2004), Malina (2000) and Tout comme elle (2006). Our hypothesis is that the connection between the audience and the bodies on stage depends on the vulnerability of these bodies. Each production is looked at through the lens of Patrice Pavis’ vectorization method. In addition, we employ Eugenio Barba’s theater anthropology to identify the energy on stage and sociological theories to link the female characters’ submission to the rules established by society. Throughout this paper, we provide a detailed review of Brigitte Haentjens’s representations of the vulnerable body.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux campagnes publicitaires de bière diffusées dans divers journaux et magazines dans les années 1920 et 1950 au Québec, deux périodes d’après-guerre marquées par la prospérité économique et le développement de la consommation de masse. Cette étude comparative vise à faire ressortir l’évolution dans les représentations de la bière et les stratégies utilisées par les publicitaires pour la mettre en valeur afin de la rendre plus légitime dans la société. En plus de dégager les différents discours utilisés par les publicitaires pour mieux vendre ce produit, nous montrons que les thèmes et stratégies retenus sont directement influencés par les valeurs, les idées, les normes et le contexte législatif de la société québécoise pour chaque période étudiée. Nous soutenons d’ailleurs l’hypothèse selon laquelle le genre, mais plus particulièrement le discours dominant sur la masculinité, a fortement influencé la construction des campagnes publicitaires lors des deux périodes étudiées; la culture de l’alcool, mais plus particulièrement celle de la bière, est un bastion masculin qui tend à résister à l’intégration des femmes et de la féminité. / This thesis is interested in beer advertising campaigns published in various newspapers and magazines in the 1920s and 1950s in the province of Quebec, two post-war periods marked by economic prosperity and the development of mass consumption. This comparative study aims at emphasizing the evolution in beer representations and the strategies used by advertising agents in order to make beer more legitimate in the eyes of society. In addition to examining the various discourses used by advertising agents to sell their product, we show that the topics and strategies retained are directly influenced by the values, ideas, and social norms and by the legislative context of the Québec society for each decade. We also support the assumption that gender, but particularly the dominant discourse of masculinity, strongly influenced the construction of the different beer advertising campaigns during the 1920s and 1950s; the culture of alcohol, but especially that of beer, is a male bastion which tends to resist the integration of women and femininity. Keywords

Na história das mulheres do ocidente, os corpos femininos, regidos e interpelados por normas que regulavam, sobretudo, sua sexualidade, foram compreendidos em pares de oposição: as mães e as prostitutas, as santas e as satanizadas. A umbanda, religião afro-brasileira detentora da capacidade de acolher os discursos e práticas da sociedade brasileira, incluiu essa dualidade em sua religiosidade, mas de maneira peculiar: a pombagira foi corporificada na figura de uma prostituta sagrada e passou a ser cultuada em lugar de destaque por seus fieis. A partir de trabalho de campo em terreiros de umbanda do estado de São Paulo, foram realizadas entrevistas com médiuns, pais e mães-de-santo, bem como com as próprias pombagiras incorporadas para compreender os sentidos associados ao culto das pombagiras. A análise dos dados contou com a combinação do método etnográfico a uma escuta psicanalítica lacaniana para investigar a participação da pombagira na vida dos adeptos da religião. O trabalho apresenta como, na interação com a pombagira, o ser mulher é associado à sedução, à força, à beleza, ao sexo, ao desejo, à inteligência e, inclusive, à maternidade, integrando sentidos dissociados pelas dicotomias mencionadas. Por meio de uma narrativa atenta ao sensível e incluindo a vivência da própria pesquisadora na interação com os grupos pesquisados, o trabalho apresenta uma compreensão etnopsicológica de gênero ao dar ouvidos a sentidos que se elaboram no contexto umbandista, circulam socialmente e ressoam intimamente. / In the history of the western women, female bodies, especially governed by their sexuality, were conceived in opposite pairs: the mothers and the prostitutes, the saints and the demoness. The umbanda, an afrobrazilian religion that holds the discourses and practices of Brazilian society, included this duality in its religiosity, but in a peculiar way: the pombagira is embodied in the figure of a sacred prostitute and is worshiped in prominent place by faithfuls of this religion. In umbandas terreiros in the state of São Paulo, we interviewed spiritualist mediuns as well as embodied pombagiras to understand the meanings associated with the cult of the pombagiras. The data were analyzed from a combination of the ethnographic method and the lacanian psychoanalytic listening to investigate how pombagiras participate in the life of the supporters of this religion. This work presents how, through the relationship with the pombagira, the woman being is associated with the seduction, the strength, the beauty, the sex, the desire, the intelligence and even the maternity, integrating the decoupled senses with the mentioned dichotomy. The pombagiras meanings produce senses that build the personal experiences of their faithfuls. Using a narrative that concerns the sensible and by the researchers experience in the relationship with the surveyed groups, this work presents an ethnopsychological comprehension of the gender and considers the senses that are elaborated in the umbanda and that circulate socially.

Ce mémoire s’intéresse aux campagnes publicitaires de bière diffusées dans divers journaux et magazines dans les années 1920 et 1950 au Québec, deux périodes d’après-guerre marquées par la prospérité économique et le développement de la consommation de masse. Cette étude comparative vise à faire ressortir l’évolution dans les représentations de la bière et les stratégies utilisées par les publicitaires pour la mettre en valeur afin de la rendre plus légitime dans la société. En plus de dégager les différents discours utilisés par les publicitaires pour mieux vendre ce produit, nous montrons que les thèmes et stratégies retenus sont directement influencés par les valeurs, les idées, les normes et le contexte législatif de la société québécoise pour chaque période étudiée. Nous soutenons d’ailleurs l’hypothèse selon laquelle le genre, mais plus particulièrement le discours dominant sur la masculinité, a fortement influencé la construction des campagnes publicitaires lors des deux périodes étudiées; la culture de l’alcool, mais plus particulièrement celle de la bière, est un bastion masculin qui tend à résister à l’intégration des femmes et de la féminité. / This thesis is interested in beer advertising campaigns published in various newspapers and magazines in the 1920s and 1950s in the province of Quebec, two post-war periods marked by economic prosperity and the development of mass consumption. This comparative study aims at emphasizing the evolution in beer representations and the strategies used by advertising agents in order to make beer more legitimate in the eyes of society. In addition to examining the various discourses used by advertising agents to sell their product, we show that the topics and strategies retained are directly influenced by the values, ideas, and social norms and by the legislative context of the Québec society for each decade. We also support the assumption that gender, but particularly the dominant discourse of masculinity, strongly influenced the construction of the different beer advertising campaigns during the 1920s and 1950s; the culture of alcohol, but especially that of beer, is a male bastion which tends to resist the integration of women and femininity. Keywords

Les mises en scène de Brigitte Haentjens placent la corporéité de l’acteur au centre de la représentation théâtrale et le travail sur le corps qu’elle opère transforme ce dernier en un matériau précis et original, touchant directement le spectateur. Afin de dégager une poétique du travail de la metteure en scène, trois transpositions scéniques partageant le thème de l’oppression féminine – La cloche de verre (2004), Malina (2000), Tout comme elle (2006) – sont analysées pour cerner les procédés scéniques grâce auxquels Brigitte Haentjens fait du corps un vecteur de signifiance. Un chapitre sera consacré à chacune des mises en scène afin de démontrer l’hypothèse avancée, qui veut que le contact créé entre le corps des acteurs et les spectateurs viendrait de la vulnérabilité des corps en scène. Ainsi, ce sont des corps féminins dispersés, opprimés et libérés qui seront ici scrutés. La vectorisation proposée par Patrice Pavis permettra de parcourir chacune des productions théâtrales, l’anthropologie théâtrale d’Eugenio Barba servira à nommer l’énergie déployée en scène et la sociologie servira à lier la soumission des personnages féminins aux règles instaurées par la société. Au terme de cette recherche, une poétique de la représentation des corps vulnérables mis en scène par Brigitte Haentjens sera tracée. / Body movement is at the centre of Quebec director Brigitte Haentjens’ theatical productions. Through her direction, the body becomes an instrument which has a profound effect on the audience. The purpose of this research is to determine how this director is able to establish a strong link with her audience through the use of the female body. We discuss three works having similar themes of women’s oppression, La cloche de verre (2004), Malina (2000) and Tout comme elle (2006). Our hypothesis is that the connection between the audience and the bodies on stage depends on the vulnerability of these bodies. Each production is looked at through the lens of Patrice Pavis’ vectorization method. In addition, we employ Eugenio Barba’s theater anthropology to identify the energy on stage and sociological theories to link the female characters’ submission to the rules established by society. Throughout this paper, we provide a detailed review of Brigitte Haentjens’s representations of the vulnerable body.

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