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Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-07-14T18:28:11Z No. of bitstreams: 1 eduardolagebisaggio.pdf: 9894299 bytes, checksum: 39e251314b1dd98e469868c1cf6f9696 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-07-19T15:47:18Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 eduardolagebisaggio.pdf: 9894299 bytes, checksum: 39e251314b1dd98e469868c1cf6f9696 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-19T15:47:18Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 eduardolagebisaggio.pdf: 9894299 bytes, checksum: 39e251314b1dd98e469868c1cf6f9696 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-02-18 / Populações bubalinas ferais (Bubalus bubalis) são conhecidas por provocarem significativos impactos ambientais em diversas regiões do mundo, inclusive no Brasil. Uma dessas populações se encontra na Reserva Biológica do Guaporé, situada no Vale do Guaporé, Rondônia. A chegada dos búfalos no Vale ocorreu por volta da década de 1950, quando 66 animais foram trazidos para uma fazenda vizinha à Reserva. Com o abandono da fazenda, os búfalos permaneceram sem controle, aumentaram em número (atualmente estimado aprox. 4.000 cabeças) e provocaram significativas alterações ambientais na região da Reserva. Poucas medidas trataram a questão e quase nada se conhece sobre os búfalos da região. Com isso, o presente trabalho busca mapear a área de ocorrência dos animais na Reserva e fornecer propostas para o manejo da espécie. Além disso, indica como os prováveis impactos ambientais dos búfalos sobre a Reserva podem ser monitorados e avaliados. Para o mapeamento da área, três sobrevôos foram realizados. Os dados obtidos em GPS foram transferidos para softwares, os quais forneceram uma área ocupada total de 49.311 há (aprox. 8% da Reserva). Ela é composta predominantemente por campos naturais (62,5%), seguidos de 25,1% de florestas e ecótonos e 12,4% de buritizais. Da área total, 18.706 ha estão densamente ocupados por búfalos. A presença de cursos d’água perenes e grandes extensões de florestas, bem como aspectos inerentes à espécie, contribuem para a delimitação dos búfalos em uma única área. A soma da área ocupada na Reserva com a área da Fazenda Pau D’Óleo (local de introdução inicial) resulta em 60.300 ha ocupados. Existem diferentes indícios de alterações ambientais na área ocupada. Os búfalos são a principal ameaça aos ecossistemas da Reserva. Existe alto potencial de dispersão dos animais para terras vizinhas à área ocupada. Para solucionar a questão, duas propostas de erradicação foram apresentadas. A primeira constitui no abate massivo de animais e a segunda em campanhas sucessivas de esterilização. Aspectos éticos, econômicos e logísticos são avaliados. Entretanto, tais medidas de controle somente podem ser adotadas caso existam as necessárias condições de execução. Independentemente da decisão tomada, o monitoramento da população bubalina é indispensável. / Impacts of feral water buffalo populations (Bubalus bubalis) have happened worldwide included Brazil. In this country the protected area of REBIO do Guaporé in the state of Rondônia (Amazon) has been affected by water buffalo. The buffalo’s introduction in this area occurred around the 1950s, when 66 animals were brought to a farm next to REBIO do Guaporé. When the farm was abandoned the Buffaloes remained unchecked, increased in number (currently estimated approx. 4.000 animals) and resulted in significant alterations in the region of the Reserve. Few steps dealt with this issue and almost nothing is known about the buffaloes of the region. This dissertation attempted mapping the area where the animals have been, as also providing proposals for the control of the population. In addition, it indicates how the likely environmental impacts of the buffaloes on the Reserve can be monitored and evaluated. For mapping of the area, three flights were conducted. The captured data from the GPS were transferred to softwares which provided a total area occupied of 49.311 ha (nearly 8% of Reserve area). From this total Area, 18.706 ha are heavily populated by buffaloes. The area used is composed predominantly of grasslands (62.5%), followed by 25.1% of forests and ecotones and 12.4% of palm forests. The presence of perennial water courses and large extensions forests, as well as aspects related to the species, contribute to the delimitation of the buffalo in one single area. The total of the occupied area in the Reserve plus the area of Pau D'Óleo farm (place of the initial introduction of the buffaloes) results a total of 60,300 ha occupied. There are different indications of environmental changes in the occupied area. Buffaloes are the main threat to the ecosystems of the Reserve. There is high dispersion potential of animals to bordering land of the occupied area. To solve that problem, two proposals are presented for the eradication of the Buffaloes. The first is the massive slaughter of animals. The second is successive rounds of sterilization. Ethical, economic and logistical aspects were evaluated. However, control measures can be adopted only if there are necessary conditions for implementation. Regardless of the decision, the buffaloes population monitoring is essential.

Le terme d’infanticide recouvre des homicides divers, souvent appréhendés de manière indifférenciée. Parmi eux, le néonaticide désigne le meurtre d’un nouveau-né dans les vingt-quatre heures qui suivent sa naissance. Dans les pays connaissant une forte diffusion de la contraception et de l’accès à l’avortement, cette conduite – anciennement associée à un mode de régulation des naissances – est devenue marginale. Cette recherche propose une approche sociologique de la pratique du néonaticide fondée sur ses mises en récits par la justice et par les auteures elles-mêmes en France (2005-2015). L’enquête a permis de conduire des séries d’entretiens approfondis avec cinq femmes jugées pour ces faits et d’observer cinq procès en cour d’assises. Ces matériaux ont été complétés par des entretiens avec des avocat·e·s et magistrat·e·s, des dossiers judiciaires et un corpus d’articles de presse portant sur 75 affaires jugées sur la même période. Les récits judiciaires dévoilent la prégnance d’une approche essentialiste de la maternité et de la procréation qui pèse sur les efforts de mise en intelligibilité déployés par les professionnel·le·s. L’analyse des parcours de ces femmes, de leurs processus de socialisation, de leurs situations conjugales et familiales et de leurs ressources, permet d’identifier les obstacles rencontrés pour mettre en œuvre une contraception efficace ou accéder à l’IVG. En appréhendant le néonaticide comme l’ultime moyen d’éviter une naissance jugée catastrophique, cette étude s’éloigne de la lecture individualisante imposée par le traitement judiciaire et documente l’agentivité reproductive des femmes. / The term infanticide covers diverse realities too long understood in an undifferentiated way. Among them, neonaticide refers to the murder of a newborn within twenty-four hours of birth. In countries with a high access to contraception and abortion, this behavior – formerly associated with birth control – has become marginal. This research proposes a sociological approach to the practice of neonaticide based on its narratives by the courtrooms and by the authors themselves in France (2005-2015). The investigation led to a series of in-depth interviews with five women prosecuted for these acts and to observe five trials in criminal courts. These materials were supplemented by interviews with lawyers and magistrates, court files and a corpus of press articles covering 75 cases judged over the same period. Courtrooms narratives reveal the essentialist approach to motherhood and procreation, which weighs on the intelligibility efforts made by professionals. The analysis of women's life stories, their socialization processes, their intimate partner and family situations and their resources, makes it possible to identify the obstacles encountered in implementing effective contraception or accessing abortion. By apprehending neonaticide as the ultimate means to avoid a birth deemed catastrophic, this study moves away from the individualizing interpretation imposed by the judicial treatment and documents the reproductive agency of women.

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Thesis by publication -- 8 co-authored articles. / Thesis (PhD)--Macquarie University, Division of Environmental and Life Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences. / Includes bibliographical references. / Preface -- Management issues of urban common brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula): a loved or hated neighbour -- Effects of deslorelin implants on reproduction in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) -- Brushtail possums (Trichosurus vulpecula) in metropolotan Sydney: population biology and response to contraceptive implants -- Strategic survey for Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) from urban Sydney, Australia -- Leptospirosis serology in the common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) from urban Sydney, Australia -- Conclusions. / The common brushtail possum (Trichosurus vulpecula) is indeed a common inhabitant of many Australian citites, and one of the few marsupials that has adapted well to the urban environment. Their close proximity to people provides a great opportunity to experience native wildlife in the backyard, however, their utilization of house roofs, bold behaviour and appetite for garden plants often leads to conflict with householders. Population numbers are sufficiently high to require ongoing management to minimise negative impacts for humans and brushtail possums alike in a socially acceptable manner. The aim of this thesis was to identify current management issues and address the need for improved and novel management strategies. The potential of slow-release implants, containing the GnRH agonist deslorelin, as a contraceptive agent for brushtail possums was tested on a captive population. Males appeared resistant to treatment, but deslorelin was found to inhibit reproduction in female brushtail possums for at least one breeding season, making it a promising tool to control fertility in some wild populations. A further aim was to trial deslorelin implants on a wild urban population, to collect more information about the urban biology of this species and to point out issues which have previously not been addressed. Close proximity and interaction of urban brushtail possums with humans and their domestic animals can increase the risk of disease exposure and transmission and influence the health of wild populations. Serosurveys showed that animals were readily exposed to Leptospira spp. and Toxoplasma gondii. This thesis also provides the first data on brushtail possum dispersal in urban areas, knowledge which is highly relevant to the development of management strategies such as fertility control. The findings from this research broaden our knowledge about urban brushtail possums and should assist wildlife authorities in developing alternative or improved management procedures. / Mode of access: World Wide Web. / xxv, 287 p. ill., maps