Le développement et la professionnalisation du secteur de la production d'événements culturels au Québec laisse croire que les organismes producteurs parviennent, dans un contexte de précarité, de compétitivité et d'incertitude, à susciter la participation et la mobilisation des individus dans la réalisation de leurs projets d'événements. S'il existe·un bon nombre de publications sur les dynamiques de mobilisation au sein des organisations, celles-ci ont été réalisées à partir de données provenant majoritairement des secteurs corporatif et public. Afin d'enrichir la compréhension des phénomènes de participation et de mobilisation, cette recherche prend pour objet d'étude le cas d'un organisme producteur, le Festival de musique émergente en Abitibi-Témiscamingue. Plus précisément, elle tente d'approfondir les conceptions théoriques de certaines dynamiques liées à la mobilisation collective des ressources humaines. Cette recherche s'appuie sur des données qualitatives. Des entrevues en profondeurs ont été réalisées avec différents acteurs impliqués dans la réalisation du Festival de musique émergente. L'analyse de ses données a été réalisée dans une approche à la fois descriptive et exploratoire, visant à mettre en lumière les différences et les spécificités du phénomène collectif de mobilisation au sein d'une organisation. Les résultats sont discutés à travers les principaux éléments du cadre théorique, et les tendances générales liés au phénomène étudié sont identifiées. Finalement, les contributions théoriques et pratiques ainsi que les limites et les pistes de recherche futures de cette recherche sont exposées. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Participation, Mobilisation, Projet, Événement culturel.

Background: In the past decade, Social Media has been an interesting Internet phenomenon. Social Media has increased the ability for Internet users to communicate and interact with one another, allowing them to overcome boundaries that once made communication difficult and slow. It has become a big part of everyday life and has fundamentally changed the way we send and receive information. This transformation has led to businesses acknowledging the need for a change in the way they communicate with their customers. The purpose of this thesis is to understand what makes a business successful in Social Media and what are the tools that businesses may use in order to communicate with their consumer community. Method: This study is exploratory and qualitative in nature. Authors conducted a case study research and used an inductive approach in order to answer research questions. Several methods of gathering data are used in the thesis for the full analysis of the case study: interview, survey, netnography (“internet – based ethnography”). Qualitative measures are used to draw conclusions regarding Social Media metrics and consumer engagement. Conclusion: Authors state that there is no universal communication strategy suitable for every company, but the appropriate one may be build according to the company goals and means. Process of creating the communication strategy should focus on several targets which companies may identify by themselves or with the help of guides. One of those targets is identifying appropriate ways of engaging with the customers with the combination of Brand Awareness, Brand Engagement and Word of Mouth. Three main parts of the communication strategy are interconnected: Brand Awareness, Brand Engagement and Word of Mouth. Effectiveness of communication strategy (different combination of Brand Awareness, Brand Engagement and Word of Mouth) may be measured by specific metrics or statistical ones. Increasing those interconnected metrics depends on ability to follow the customer needs and the quality of content. Main B2C Social Media tools nowadays are Facebook, Twitter, YouTube. This thesis found out strong relationship between those three (“Social Media Triangle” model). Company having accounts in each of those networks should use it as a whole and not as separate tools.

This essay will examine in which way festival tourism can affect the physical location of a festival and to operationalize this we implemented a case study of the music festival Storsjöyran. Storsjöyran is a Swedish music festival held annually in the city of Östersund and since the festival, with the accompanying festival week, attract up to 300 000 visitors annually, we wanted to see what impact the festival contributed to from a development perspective of the destination. The method for gathering data has consisted of both qualitative and quantitative approaches and the data was collected via interviews and questionnaires. We also presented various theories about festival tourism and destination development, as well as previous research on urban festivals. The conclusion is that Storsjöyran contributes to a variety of factors which can help Östersund to a destination development and increased tourism. The essential and most prominent effect we have seen is in what way Storsjöyran helps Östersund to become a vibrant and attractive city and how the festival contributes to the people living there can feel proud of their city.

<p>While great strides have been made in the study of Trinidad Carnival, there has yet to be a robust inquiry into how women have contributed to its evolution. One major reason for this shortcoming is that the dominant cultural discourse relies on a reductive</p><p>dichotomy that recognizes the costumes created prior to the 1970s as creative and those made after the 1970s as uncreative. This arbitrary division of the costume aesthetic reflects a distinct anti-feminist bias that sees women's spirited emergence in Carnival</p><p>territory in the 1970s as apolitical. </p><p>My dissertation exposes this dilemma, and seeks to undermine this</p><p>interpretation, by its focus on how women's bodies, their presentation, and their acknowledgment of the body's potential for non-verbal articulation impacted the evolution of performance practices and the costume aesthetic in Trinidad Carnival. I</p><p>explore how the predominance of women in Carnival since the 1970s and the bikinibased costume aesthetic that complements this change is suggestive of women's urgent need to manipulate the body as an aesthetic medium and site of subversion. Critical to</p><p>this argument is a close examination of certain female figures who have had a sustainable presence in Trinidad Carnival's history. My project acknowledges the <italic>jamette</italic>, a working class woman who defied Victorian tenets of decorum in preindependence</p><p>Trinidad. This figure has been overlooked in the predominant scholarship of Trinidad Carnival history. Another section of my dissertation explores the influence of the Jaycees Carnival Queen competition. Women of mostly European descent participated in this Carnival-themed beauty pageant that remained popular until the</p><p>1970s. I also examine the legend of <italic>soucouyant</italic> (an old woman who turns into a ball of fire at night and sucks the life blood from unsuspecting victims) and how this figure can be deployed to reinterpret <italic>Jouvay</italic> (the ritual that marks the beginning of Trinidad Carnival).</p> / Dissertation

Coastal atmospheric concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were measured at top of a building on campus of the National Sun Yat-sen University of Kaohsiung. Concentrations of 52 PAH compounds were analyzed in both gaseous and particulate phases in air samples collected from May 2008 through April 2009. PAHs diagnostic, Hierarchical Analysis (HCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) were employed to determine the potential sources of PAHs. The Group Method of Data Handling (GMDH) was applied to relate atmospheric PAH concentration to air quality variables like SO2 and O3, as well as meteorological conditions like precipitation and temperature. During the sampling period the mean of total PAH concentrations was 14.2 ng/m3. Over all, PAH concentrations in winter were higher than summer, with the lowest concentrations of PAHs occurred in June (2.22 ng/m3), while the highest occurred in January (32.4 ng/m3). The night-time concentrations of PAHs are higher than daytime. The 2, 3-ring PAHs were mostly present in the gaseous phase, 4-ring were dominant in the gaseous phase, while 5, 6, 7-ring PAHs were mostly present in the particulate phase. During the Ghost festival and Asian dust storm events, atmospheric concentrations of PAHs and PAHs/TSP ratios were both found increased. Meteorological conditions, such as temperature and relative humidity, may strongly affect PAH concentrations, the gaseous and particulate PAHs correlate significantly with SO2, NOx, and PM10. Result from analyses of diagnostic rations, HCA and PCA, indicates the major sources of PAHs include gasoline and diesel exhaust. By using GMDH, a reasonable appraisal index was obtained for the pattern forecast potency with the meteorological and air quality variables. The GMDH algorithm obtained during 2008~2009 was tested in predictions and compared with what measured in 2007~2008.

Local festivals have become a significant resource and trend in regional development. In Taiwan, there are twelve important local festivals; only the Song Jiang Jhen Battle Array in Neimen, Kaohsiung has been listed for the Kaohsiung area. It reveals its local characteristics and traditions, as well as the cultural intention. However, most related researches focused on issues of visitors¡¦ behavior and tourist satisfaction; no analysis and review of implementation facets was completed. This qualitative research was carried out with the festival of Song Jiang Jhen Battle Array in Neimen, Kaohsiung taken as the case study. By conducting a textual analysis, participant observation and in-depth interview, the study aims to explore the following four facets relate to the implementation of the festival, i.e. organization operation, content planning and management, community participation and marketing strategy. Furthermore, after analyzing the contents of literature and case review, 14 indicating items were generalized from each facet so that the status of conducting the Song Jiang Jhen Battle Array in Neimen, Kaohsiung can be reviewed. Its indicating items and main factors of success that conform to a great festival were analyzed. The predicaments encountered in its development were also researched. Relevant proposals of transformation strategy was provided and submitted to the organizers of local government as applicable strategies for future activity arrangement. The study results showed that the Song Jiang Jhen Battle Array in Neimen, Kaohsiung completely conforms to the pattern of a successful festival and the indications include: the attitude of the organizer in arranging sustainable activities, the unique theme, cultural characteristics and local imagery, diversity and creativity of activity concepts, as well as the contribution of community organization and local volunteers. Some indications did not conform to the festival, such as the interaction with visitors/tourists, atmosphere and management of the field, infrastructure and traffic network. Other indications partly conformed to the success of the festival. The interviewees particularly pointed out that the key successful factors of the Song Jiang Jhen Battle Array in Neimen, Kaohsiung include: regularly held every year; the support of authorities; the characteristics and creativity both attract many visitors; the assistance of experienced operators; religious beliefs and folk culture; TV live transmission of the competitions; etc. The predicaments it faces include: lack of a set budget; no cooperation among three local temples: they are operating units with the venue changing annually; no profound connection with local industries; the festival¡¦s purpose does not conform to the traveling mechanism; no guidance for a long-term planning; focus only on local prospects; local government does not care much about tourism; no gathering of community strength; the date of the activity cannot be confirmed as early as possible; the scope of marketing between local and central government is varied and most of the marketing ideas are focused on the creative Song Jiang Jhen Battle Array. Seven transformation strategies were suggested in this study: establishing a communication platform for cooperative units having an interest relationship for this festival, the traditional perspective cannot be abandoned in a traditional event, ¡§originality¡¨ brings out the validity and uniqueness of the festival, a great atmosphere has been made by having an appropriate field management, the festival benefits can be extended to other events, the intention of community development can become the energy supporting local festivals and the festival marketing can go beyond merely promoting the festival.

This study investigated the spatial distribution and seasonal variation of pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) and illicit drugs in western Hengchun peninsula and Kenting coastal tourist area in Taiwan. We used solid phase extraction (SPE) followed by liquid-chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) to determine 22 PPCPs and 10 illicit drugs in water samples. The detected concentrations of PPCPs and illicit drugs ranged from below detection limit to 9350 ng/L, and the most frequently five detected compounds in this area were ampicillin (79%), codeine (63%), caffeine (62%), carbamazepine (61%) and pseudoephedrine (57%). The impact of the special event- Kenting music festival, such as ¡§spring scream¡¨ was also discussed in this study, and the results from PCA and HCA both showed that the concentrations and distributions of PPCPs and illicit drugs were affected by the tourists. In addition, two wastewater treatments plants (WWTPs) were also investigated for seven days during Kenting music festival period. The results indicated that WWTPs did not show enough removal efficiencies in Kenting tourist area during the special event. The impact of the PPCPs and illicit drugs to the aquatic environment and ecology still needs to be further monitored.

For studying the global cities famous for music, this Thesis classifies them according to four areas: Music Symbol, Music Landmark, Music Festival and Music Tradition, respectively. And then extract the successful factors for Kaohsiung city marketing use from four cases¡¦ definition, development, the role of government and business model. This study also survey music resources using Due Diligence method in Kaohsiung city. And then generalize some suggestions from comparing and analyzing some potential music resources between Kaohsiung city and the global case. Finally, this study examines all suggestions by interviewing related experts using AHP method.

The origin of festivals in Taiwan comes from the concept of ¡§community infrastructure establishment¡¨ launched by Council for Culture Affairs in 1994. ¡§Community infrastructure establishment¡¨ takes communities as target and live them up by arts and culture events in order to promote their culture industries. This concept also draws a blueprint of various kinds of festivals or activities at different time around the whole island. Arts and culture events which combine local histories, culture, industries and tourism not only revitalize local industries but also level up the entire social environment. Further more, the model of international communication and ¡§Community infrastructure establishment¡¨ will become reality through promoting such events. However, the qualities of culture events held in Taiwan these years declined due to their fancy outward displays with poor inward statements. Such phenomena reflect the rough decision-marking process and no interaction with communities. When the financial supports from government shrink year after year, what should we do to take the challenges from long-term operation of festivals as well as culture events? This case study focuses on the project of ¡§Dream Parade¡¨ in Hsichih, Taipei county, and compare it with the ¡§Fremont Solstice Parade¡¨ in U.S., ¡§Hsinkang International Community Festival¡¨ in Chayi county, and ¡§Utopia¡¨ in Taichung city. Through analyzing these three cases, we can find two major characteristics that make the ¡§Dream Parade¡¨ an adaptable model. First, it follows the concept of ¡§Community infrastructure establishment¡¨ and accomplishes it by stepping in community with arts and culture as well as developing an interface for all residences. Second, the administration from enterprises takes place of government fund and takes the leading role to enlarge community participation. The researcher of this study also participated in the project of ¡§Dream Parade¡¨ as program specialist and tried to set up a model for running international festivals associates with local communities. The actual experience derives the following conclusion: tracing back to the original meaning of ¡§community¡¨ and regarding communities as the most important part of the model mentioned above, the operation of festivals will truly become the way to connect the international society.

The Executive Yuan of Taiwan has launched many policies to encourage the county and city governments to develop their own different festivals. This new movement has pushed the festival industry, a new subsidiary industry of MICE, to a new phase of rapid growth. However, from 2005, the development of festivals in Taiwan has met some problems and hazards after a rapid growth in quantity and scale. It will be very helpful to enhance the quality and competitiveness and to develop the internationalization of Taiwan festivals if we can analyz and research the developing processs, key success factors and developing strategies of Taiwan festivals industry. A successful festival not only consists of good planning and execution but also the attractive and unique topic and content. Therefore, it will become an important topic for research on key success factors of Taiwan festivals. This research will focus on three different cases of festivals, Pingtung Bluefin Tuna Cultural Festival, Kaohsiung Lantern Festival and Kaohsiung International Container Arts Festival. Some key success facets and factors of festivals will be analyzed by AHP(Analysis Hierarchy Process). The interviewees include festival industry corporations, governments and non-profit organazations. The quality analysis and AHP questionnaire has been used to analyze the key success factors and the key points of managing Taiwan festival. At last, this research also discussed the competitiveness of whole festival industry in Taiwan by using the tools of Diamond Model of Competitiveness of Michael Porter. We also summarized many experts¡¦ viewpoints to a six developing strategies, those are developing a systemic research on festivals, enforcing the planning and management of festivals, setting rules of festivals and festival organizations, promoting festival brands, enriching the interchanges of international zones, and enforcing variable marketing and promotions. Seven developing trends of internationalization, marketing, uniqueness, industrilization, variablization, centralization and regulationalization have also been presented. It will be very meaningful and helpful if some useful strategies and directions have been used from this research by the governments, corporations, and other parties that involved in the festival industry in Taiwan.