Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2002. / Härtill 5 uppsatser.

Thesis (M.S.)--Georgia State University, 2005. / Title from title screen. Roberta Attanasio, committee chair; P.C. Tai, W.C. Hooper, committee members. Electronic text (57 p. : col. ill.) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Aug. 15, 2007. Includes bibliographical references (p. 55-57).

Grief and causal attribution are two of the most commonly observed reactions to early miscarriage, yet little is known about these reactions or whether a relationship exists between them. This exploratory and descriptive correlational study examined the maternal grief intensities, the causal attributions, and the relationship between them in a convenience sample of 15 women who spontaneously aborted at 16 weeks' or less gestation. Women responded to both a written questionnaire and a semi-structured Interview at 6 to 10 weeks post-miscarriage. Their responses Indicated both current and retrospective reactions to their miscarriages. Responses were analysed using nonparametric statistics and content analysis. Maternal grief Intensities were found to vary widely at the time of the miscarriage, but all decreased significantly 6 to 10 weeks later. All women reacted to their miscarriage with attribution-seeking behaviors. The explanations most women formed were comprised of more than one causal attribution. Attributions were observed to have four distinct characteristics. Causal attributions were found to be either philosophical or physically oriented; to be organic, non-specific or maternal/self-blaming In origin; to be either dominant or non-dominant, and/or to refer to causalities immediate or prior to the physical event. At the time of the miscarriage a positive correlation between grief Intensity and maternal/self-blaming attributions and between grief Intensity and philosophical attributions was found. These relationships were not observed 6 to 10 weeks later. A positive correlation was found between grief intensity and attributions to maternal emotions at both the time of the miscarriage and 6 to 10 weeks later. / Applied Science, Faculty of / Nursing, School of / Graduate

Thesis (MMed)-- Stellenbosch University, 2013. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Misoprostol is often used for the purpose of induction of labour. However, its effect on fetal heart rate has not been systematically studied. Objective To assess the effect of misoprostol on fetal heart rate parameters during induction of labour from 38 completed weeks in women with previous intrauterine death or postterm pregnancy. Study design A retrospective descriptive study of 127 women for a period of 18 months. Method Women who underwent induction of labour with misoprostol for either previous intrauterine death or postterm pregnancy at Tygerberg hospital were eligible. The selected process of induction of labour happened according to the departmental protocol. The primary outcomes were changes in fetal heart rate (variability, accelerations and decelerations) pre-and post-administration of misoprostol. Secondary outcomes were neonatal highcare or intensive care unit (ICU) admissions. Results There was no statistical difference in the mean fetal heart rate and baseline variability in relation to time recordings after administration of misoprostol. There were no statistically significant differences in the distribution of accelerations and decelerations in different time intervals before and after administration. There were more reactive patterns at all time intervals after the administration of misoprostol, but these differences did not quite reach statistical significance. In both study groups no neonatal complications or intensive care admissions were reported. Conclusion In the absence of contra indications, 50mcg of oral misoprostol can be given to mothers for induction of labour as no harmful fetal heart tracing abnormalities were found for 45 minutes; however large prospective randomized controlled trials are still needed to confirm effectiveness and evaluate further maternal and neonatal safety issues. Optimal dose and frequency also still need robust interrogation. Based on this thesis it does appear that misoprostol is probably not harmful to the fetus under these circumstances. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Misoprostol word dikwels gebruik vir induksie van kraam. Die effek daarvan op fetale hartspoed is egter nie sistematies ondersoek nie. Doel Om die effek van misoprostol op fetale hartspoedparameters gedurende die induksie van kraam van 38 voltooide weke in vroue met vorige intra-uteriene dood or oortyd swangerskap te evalueer. Studei-ontwerp „n Retrospektiewe beskrywende studie van 127 vroue oor „n periode van 18 maande. Metode Vroue wat induksie van kraam met misoprostol ondergaan het vir of vorige intra-uteriene dood of oortyd swangerskap by Tygerberg Hospitaal is ingesluit. Die proses van induksie van kraam is volgens departementele protokol uitgevoer. Die primêre uitkomste was veranderinge in fetale hartspoed (variasie, versnellings en verstadigings) pre- en post-toediening van misoprostol. Neonatale hoësorg of intensiewe sorg toelatings was sekondêre uitkomste. Resultate Ons het geen statistiese verskille in gemiddelde fetale hartspoed en basislynvariasie in verhouding tot die tyd na toediening van misoprostol gevind nie. Daar was geen statisties betekenisvolle verskille in die verspreiding van versnellings en verstadigings in verskillende tydsintervalle nie. Daar was meer reaktiewe patrone gedurende alle tydsintervalle na die toediening van misoprostol, maar hierdie verskille was nie statisties betekenisvol nie. In beide studiegroepe was daar geen neonatale komplikasies of intensiewe sorg toelatings nie. Gevolgtrekking In die afwesigheid van kontra-indikasies kan 50 mcg misoprostol aan moeders toegedien word vir induksie van kraam aangesien geen skadelike fetale hartsped abnormaliteite gevind is nie. Groot prospektiewe gerandomiseerde gekontroleerde studies word steeds benodig om effektiwiteit te bevestig en om moederlike en fetale veiligheidskwessies verder te evalueer. Optimale dosis en frekwensie benodig ook robuuste ondersoek. Gebaseer op hierdie tesis kom dit voor of misoprostol waarskynlik nie skadelik vir die fetus onder hierdie omstandighede nie.

Increased environmental heat causes early embryonic death before implantation. This study was designed to examine tissues of dams exposed to environmental temperatures of 36°C and to examine 72 hour old embryos from these dams. Results showed adult mice exposed to heat stress had significant changes in liver morphology with hepatocyte swelling and vacuolization of the cytoplasm, organelles in the hepatocytes were displaced next to the cell membrane. After 48 hours of recovery from heat stress, liver morphology appeared normal. Embryos from heat stressed dams had delayed development indicated by increased 2alpha helical cellular inclusions. Embryos responded differently to different fixation techniques indicated permeability changes in either the zona pellucida or cellular membranes. Litter size or pup survivability from heat stressed dams allowed to recover indicated changes seen at this point were reversible

Purpose: To compare the determinants and distribution of fetal and early neonatal deaths in the Commonwealth of Virginia. Background: Much attention is devoted to reducing the infant mortality rate which was declining up until 2002. The recent rise was parsed and found to stem from an increase in deaths during the early neonatal period. Fetal deaths are not well understood and are not routinely included when evaluating infant mortality. Methods: Using data collected from 2001 to 2006 fetal death and linked infant birth and death certificates by the Virginia Department of Health, crude mortality rates and leading causes of death were calculated for fetal and early neonatal mortality. Rates were calculated for each period of death by locality and mapped to determine if the distribution differed. Logistic regression was also used to evaluate sociodemographic and pregnancy risk factors and chi-square analyses were used to determine if the determinants varied significantly by timing of death outcome. Results: During the study period, the fetal death rate was 5.4 per 1,000 fetal deaths plus live births, the early neonatal death rate was 2.5 deaths per 1,000 live births and perinatal mortality rate was 7.9 deaths per 1,000 fetal deaths plus live births. Trends over time, gestational age specific mortality, geographic distribution, cause of death and many determinants were comparable between both death periods. Extremely low birth weight was the most significant risk factor for early neonatal death (OR = 1747.06). Congenital anomalies of the child were the leading predictor of fetal death (OR = 26.24, 95% CI: 19.62, 35.10) and second highest for early neonatal death (OR = 52.26, 95% CI: 35.21, 77.56). Conclusions: Because of the similarities in geographic distribution, sociodemographic factors, pregnancy risk factors and causes of death, analyzing neonatal and infant mortality rates in isolation from fetal deaths does not accurately depict the burden of adverse pregnancy outcomes.

Enligt Statistiska Centralbyrån [SCB] föddes det år 2008 109 301 barn i Sverige. Utöver dessa föddes det cirka 600 barn som dött i livmodern innan förlossning. Intrauterin fosterdöd innebär att barn föds döda efter graviditetsvecka 22. Tidigare forskning belyser vikten av att barnmorskor har ett individuellt synsätt vid mötet med par vid intrauterin fosterdöd. Forskningen åskådliggör även hur föräldrar upplevt det stöd som givits under förlossningen. Det finns dock relativt lite forskning kring hur barnmorskor stödjer vid intrauterin fosterdöd. Syftet med detta arbete var därför att undersöka hur barnmorskor upplever sitt stöd i samband med förlossning vid intrauterin fosterdöd. Metoden som användes var kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Fem barnmorskor intervjuades på två förlossningsavdelningar i Västra Götaland och Örebro län. I analysprocessen framkom tre huvudkategorier;individanpassa, ge tid och vara ett verktyg. Resultatet visar att barnmorskors stöd under förlossning inriktar sig på att låta paren styra informationsflödet och genom närvaro lyssna in behoven. Det var av vikt att ge paren tid i förlossningsarbetet men även tid i mötet med barnet. För att stödja bör barnmorskan känna sig trygg både i sig själv och i sin profession. En trygghet kring sin egen syn på döden var också av betydelse i stödet. / According to the Swedish bureau of Statistics [SCB] there were 109 301 children born in Sweden during 2008, in addition to these there where also approximately 600 stillborn children. Intrauterine fetal death means that the child has died in the womb after the 22nd week of pregnancy. Previous research highlights the importance of the midwives´ individual approach to parents with a stillborn child. Research also illustrates how parents experienced the support given during delivery. However, there is a limited amount of research done on how midwives support the parents of a stillborn child. The aim of this study was there for to investigate how midwives experience there support during delivery of a stillborn child. The method used was qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Five midwives were interviewed at two maternity wards in Västra Götaland and Örebro County. The analysis process revealed three main categories; adjust to the individual, to give time and to be a tool. The result shows that midwife´s support during delivery focuses on allowing couples to control the flow of information and by being present judge the parents´ needs. It is important to give the parents time both during delivery and to spend time with the stillborn child. To be able to support, the midwife need to feel confident both personally and professionally. It was also significant what the midwife´s own view on death was.

<p>Enligt Statistiska Centralbyrån [SCB] föddes det år 2008 109 301 barn i Sverige. Utöver dessa föddes det cirka 600 barn som dött i livmodern innan förlossning. Intrauterin fosterdöd innebär att barn föds döda efter graviditetsvecka 22. Tidigare forskning belyser vikten av att barnmorskor har ett individuellt synsätt vid mötet med par vid intrauterin fosterdöd. Forskningen åskådliggör även hur föräldrar upplevt det stöd som givits under förlossningen. Det finns dock relativt lite forskning kring hur barnmorskor stödjer vid intrauterin fosterdöd. Syftet med detta arbete var därför att undersöka hur barnmorskor upplever sitt stöd i samband med förlossning vid intrauterin fosterdöd. Metoden som användes var kvalitativ innehållsanalys med en induktiv ansats. Fem barnmorskor intervjuades på två förlossningsavdelningar i Västra Götaland och Örebro län. I analysprocessen framkom tre huvudkategorier;<em>individanpassa, ge tid</em> och <em>vara ett verktyg.</em> Resultatet visar att barnmorskors stöd under förlossning inriktar sig på att låta paren styra informationsflödet och genom närvaro lyssna in behoven. Det var av vikt att ge paren tid i förlossningsarbetet men även tid i mötet med barnet. För att stödja bör barnmorskan känna sig trygg både i sig själv och i sin profession. En trygghet kring sin egen syn på döden var också av betydelse i stödet.</p> / <p>According to the Swedish bureau of Statistics [SCB] there were 109 301 children born in Sweden during 2008, in addition to these there where also approximately 600 stillborn children. Intrauterine fetal death means that the child has died in the womb after the 22nd week of pregnancy. Previous research highlights the importance of the midwives´ individual approach to parents with a stillborn child. Research also illustrates how parents experienced the support given during delivery. However, there is a limited amount of research done on how midwives support the parents of a stillborn child. The aim of this study was there for to investigate how midwives experience there support during delivery of a stillborn child. The method used was qualitative content analysis with an inductive approach. Five midwives were interviewed at two maternity wards in Västra Götaland and Örebro County. The analysis process revealed three main categories; <em>adjust to the individual, to give time</em> and <em>to be a tool.</em> The result shows that midwife´s support during delivery focuses on allowing couples to control the flow of information and by being present judge the parents´ needs. It is important to give the parents time both during delivery and to spend time with the stillborn child. To be able to support, the midwife need to feel confident both personally and professionally. It was also significant what the midwife´s own view on death was.</p>

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst., 2001. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.

Diss. (sammanfattning) Stockholm : Karol. inst. / Härtill 6 uppsatser.