Globalt sker omkring 2,6 miljoner fall av intrauterin fosterdöd varje år. Det finns ett flertal maternella och fetala orsaker och riskfaktorer för att drabbas av intrauterin fosterdöd, men i de flesta fall förblir dödsorsaken okänd. Att bli förälder innebär en av livets största transitioner och anknytning till det väntade barnet startar tidigt i graviditeten. Förlusten orsakar därför en svår sorg hos föräldrarna. Barnmorskan har stor inverkan på föräldrars upplevelse av intrauterin fosterdöd och bör besitta kunskap om föräldrars erfarenheter och behov i samband med att de drabbas. Historiskt har mycket förändrats i synen på dödfödsel och handläggning av förlossning i Sverige sedan 1960-talet men globalt finns ett flertal sociala och kulturella normer och tabun kring dödfödsel som kan vara försvårande för föräldrarnas upplevelser i samband med att de drabbas.  Syftet med litteraturöversikten var att beskriva föräldrars upplevelser av att drabbas av intrauterin fosterdöd.  Metoden som användes var en litteraturöversikt där data från 15 artiklar från 12 olika länder inkluderades. Datan analyserades med integrerad analys.  I resultatet framkom tre kategorier och åtta underkategorier: ”Upplevelsen av förlust” med underkategorierna ”Känslomässiga reaktioner”, ”Hanteringsmekanismer” och ”Påverkan på parrelationen”. ”Betydelsen av stöd” med underkategorierna ”Stöd från vänner och familj”, ”Vårdmötet” samt ”Betydelsen av trosuppfattning och kulturell kontext” och ”Att möta sitt dödfödda barn” med underkategorierna ”Att se och hålla sitt barn” samt ”Bekräftelse av barnet som person”. Initialt beskrivs sorg, chock, förvirring och emotionell smärta. Många föräldrar klandrar sig själva för dödsfallet. Stöd från familj och vänner är betydande. Sociala och kulturella normer samt tron på en högre makt kan vara försvårande eller stödjande i sorgeprocessen. Föräldrar önskade att barnet skulle behandlas med respekt samt bekräftas som person.  Slutsatsen blev att emotionell smärta och sorg vid förlust av ett barn som dör intrauterint var betydande oavsett när under graviditeten och var i världen det skedde, oavsett kulturell kontext och eventuell trosuppfattning. Det dödfödda barnet var för alltid en betydande del av föräldrarnas liv och minnen av barnet blev värdefulla. Vårdmötet hade stor betydelse för föräldrarnas upplevelse. En stor andel föräldrar önskade möta sitt barn men alla fick inte möjlighet att göra det på grund av barriärer kring kultur, trosuppfattning, sociala normer, riktlinjer i vården och egen rädsla. / Globally, about 2,6 million cases of intrauterine fetal death occur every year. There are several maternal and fetal causes and risk factors for intrauterine fetal death to occur, but in most cases the cause of death remains unknown. Becoming a parent is one of lifes’ biggest transitions and attachment to the expected child starts early in the pregnancy. The loss therefore cause severe grief for the parents. The midwife has great influence on the parents' experience, and knowledge of parents’ experiences and needs when facing an intrauterine fetal death is important. Historically, much has changed in the view of stillbirth and the handling of the birth of a stillborn in Sweden since the 1960s, but globally there are many social and cultural norms and taboos surrounding stillbirth that can be aggravating for the parents’ experiences in connection to their loss.  The purpose of the literature review was to describe parents’ experiences when they suffer from intrauterine fetal death.  Used method was a literature review were data from 15 articles from 12 different countries were included. The data were analyzed with integrative analysis.  In the results three categories and eight subcategories emerged: "The experience of loss" with the subcategories "Emotional reactions", "Coping mechanisms” and ”Impact on the couples relationship", "The importance of support" with the subcategories "Support from friends and family", "The care meeting" and "The importance of beliefs and cultural context", "Meeting your stillborn child" with the subcategories "Seeing and holding your child" and "Confirmation of the child as a person". Initially, grief, shock, confusion and emotional pain are described. Many parents blame themselves for the death. Support from family and friends was significant. Social and cultural norms as well as belief in a higher power could be aggravating or supportive in the grieving process. Parents wanted their child to be treated with respect and confirmed as an individual.  The conclusion was that emotional pain and grief in connection to perinatal losswas significant regardless of when during pregnancy and where in the world it occured, regardless of cultural context and possible beliefs. The stillborn child was forever a significant part of the parents’ lives and memories of the child became valuable. The personal treatment in the care encounter is of great importance for the parents’ experience. A large proportion of parents wanted to meet their child, but not everyone was given the opportunity to do so due to barriers surrounding culture, beliefs, social norms, care policies and own fears.

Department of Advanced Nursing Science / PhDH / Background: Despite measures to curb unwanted pregnancies and to sustain and expand abortion services, a high number of complications and deaths still occur. The failure of these measures is evidenced by the high number of women who are admitted to the public hospitals of KwaZulu-Natal Province with complications from induced abortions. KwaZulu-Natal Department of Health has repositioned Family Planning to a key priority in its health program in order to improve the situation for women. However, in order to improve the situation, it is necessary to understand the underlying causes. This study sought to identify challenges that affect women's access to Post Abortion Care (PAC) services in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. It also sought to shed light on the challenges faced by those who render PAC services, as well as assess the skills of those workers as observed while they provided PAC services. After conducting the research on challenges related to access and rendering of post abortion care services, the researcher identified a need to develop guidelines for management of unsafe and induced abortion complications, with the aim to improve the life expectancy of women and prevent maternal deaths. Therefore, an outcome of the study was the development of a PAC management guideline. Purpose: The purpose of the study was two-fold: Phase 1: to explore the challenges faced by women when accessing PAC, and the health care workers who render PAC services, and to assess the PAC skills of the health care workers; Phase 2: to use the findings of Phase 1 to develop guidelines for post abortion care management at selected Hospitals of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa. Methods: The design of the study was guided by the Andersen model of Health Care Utilization. The model focuses on the contextual factors - enabling factors, predisposing factors and need factors - that influence the individual's utilization of health care services. Five districts of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa were selected for the study. A convergent parallel mixed method was used to collect and interpret the data. A qualitative study was used to explore perceptions and challenges of women when accessing PAC; this was carried out by means of in-depth interviews with 23 women who accessed PAC services. Five Focus Group Discussions (FGD) were carried out with 50 health care workers to explore the challenges they experienced when managing abortion complications. A quantitative approach was used for direct skills observation of 92 health care workers. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the qualitative data; descriptive statistics were used to analyse the quantitative data. Results: From the in-depth interview data, several main themes were identified. Women who accessed PAC identified a lack of facilities that offered PAC service, distance from the community to the hospital that provided PAC service, lack of transport, shortage of staff, unskilled staff, shortage of equipment, long waiting queues, stigma and discrimination as challenges associated with delay or avoidance of access to post abortion care services. The main themes raised by the health care providers were lack of support from the management, shortage of staff, lack of training, burnout, unavailability of the guidelines or protocols and shortage of equipment. The quality of PAC services was perceived as poor by both the women seeking care and the health care workers. The main concerns raised by the women were lack of respect, lack of privacy, sharing of bed and insufficient time with the health care provider. The results confirmed that guidelines are needed for the management of post abortion care services. The findings from the qualitative and quantitative parts of the study were used by an expert group to develop PAC management guidelines. The development of the guidelines was in accordance with the WHO models, PICOS & GRADES. The guidelines were validated by the group using a close-ended checklist, analysed with simple descriptive statistics. Conclusion: This study concludes that access to comprehensive quality post abortion care must be provided for all women at times of need. Quality PAC services should be rendered by skilled health care workers in a facility which is accessible and well equipped with functional equipments and updated guidelines. Recommendations: The study therefore recommends that measures should be taken to ensure the provision of quality PAC services. The PAC services should be accessible with the increased number of facilities, adequate trained health care workers with functional equipment and guidelines. Health care workers must receive training and management support to enhance quality PAC services. Privacy and respect must be maintained during provision of PAC services to ensure quality of care and increase demand. There must be continuous community awareness about PAC services which will encourage early-seeking behavior, and reduce fear of stigma and discrimination by the providers of PAC services before the complications arises. This study did not cover all the districts to identify the challenges on delaying PAC service. Therefore, this study recommends additional clinical, operations and community research which will give broader details and understanding on the challenges that cause delay for seeking immediate post abortion care services. / NRF

Orientador: Cristina Maria de Lima Parada / Resumo: A vigilância epidemiológica é essencial para o planejamento, implementação e avaliação das práticas de saúde pública. O monitoramento da mortalidade perinatal, dentro do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, depende da qualidade dos dados dos sistemas de informação. Objetivo: Avaliar o sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais de Núcleo Hospitalar de Epidemiologia (NHE) de hospital terciário do interior paulista. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado a partir dos 80 óbitos ocorridos entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 em NHE de hospital terciário do interior paulista. O referencial de avaliação utilizado foi proposto pelo Center for Disease Control americano para uso em saúde pública. Foram abordados os seguintes atributos: utilidade, simplicidade, qualidade dos dados, aceitabilidade, sensibilidade, representatividade, oportunidade, flexibilidade, valor preditivo positivo, estabilidade. Este estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local. Resultados: Utilidade: o sistema é pouco utilizado, os dados não são devolvidos aos profissionais, não são utilizados na proposição de ações para evitar a ocorrência de novos casos nem na gestão em saúde. Qualidade dos dados: 6,2% das variáveis estavam em branco nas investigações; a taxa de concordância entre as investigações originais e as realizadas para o estudo foi de 79,1%, sendo que a categoria com maior discordância/ausência de dados foi assistência ao parto (35,8%). Simplicidade: a grande maioria (91,2%) das ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Epidemiological surveillance is essential for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practices. The monitoring of perinatal mortality, within the system of epidemiological surveillance, depends on quality of data in information systems. Object: To evaluate the perinatal deaths surveillance system of the Hospital Nucleus of Epidemiology (HNE) of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Methods: A transversal study was conducted based on 80 deaths between April 2014 and April 2015 at the HNE of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Our evaluation references were proposed by the American Center for Disease Control to be used in public health. The following attributes were addressed: utility, simplicity, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, representativeness, timeliness, flexibility, predictive value positive, and stability. This study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee. Results: Utility: the system is little used, the data are not returned to professionals, they are used neither in action proposals in order to avoid the emergence of new cases, nor in health management. Data quality: 6.2% of variables were blank in investigations; the agreement rate between original investigations and the ones conducted for the study was 79.1%, of which the category with the greatest disagreement/lack of data was birth assistance (35.8%). Simplicity: the vast majority (91.2%) of investigations was cond... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Mestre

Submitted by Marina Frolini de Moraes null (moraes.marina@gmail.com) on 2016-09-22T22:34:33Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertação - Marina Frolini de Moraes - Definitivo.pdf: 1612264 bytes, checksum: 3a95e8da696237241a24340897c7a2be (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Felipe Augusto Arakaki (arakaki@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-26T18:20:06Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_mf_me_bot.pdf: 1612264 bytes, checksum: 3a95e8da696237241a24340897c7a2be (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-26T18:20:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 moraes_mf_me_bot.pdf: 1612264 bytes, checksum: 3a95e8da696237241a24340897c7a2be (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-22 / A vigilância epidemiológica é essencial para o planejamento, implementação e avaliação das práticas de saúde pública. O monitoramento da mortalidade perinatal, dentro do sistema de vigilância epidemiológica, depende da qualidade dos dados dos sistemas de informação. Objetivo: Avaliar o sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais de Núcleo Hospitalar de Epidemiologia (NHE) de hospital terciário do interior paulista. Métodos: Trata-se de estudo transversal, realizado a partir dos 80 óbitos ocorridos entre abril de 2014 e abril de 2015 em NHE de hospital terciário do interior paulista. O referencial de avaliação utilizado foi proposto pelo Center for Disease Control americano para uso em saúde pública. Foram abordados os seguintes atributos: utilidade, simplicidade, qualidade dos dados, aceitabilidade, sensibilidade, representatividade, oportunidade, flexibilidade, valor preditivo positivo, estabilidade. Este estudo foi aprovado por Comitê de Ética em Pesquisa local. Resultados: Utilidade: o sistema é pouco utilizado, os dados não são devolvidos aos profissionais, não são utilizados na proposição de ações para evitar a ocorrência de novos casos nem na gestão em saúde. Qualidade dos dados: 6,2% das variáveis estavam em branco nas investigações; a taxa de concordância entre as investigações originais e as realizadas para o estudo foi de 79,1%, sendo que a categoria com maior discordância/ausência de dados foi assistência ao parto (35,8%). Simplicidade: a grande maioria (91,2%) das investigações foi realizada a partir de apenas uma fonte de dados e o tempo médio gasto na investigação de óbitos infantis foi 63,4 minutos com intervalo interquartil de 29,2 minutos e de óbito fetal, 27,3 minutos com intervalo interquartil de 12,5 minutos. Aceitabilidade: nenhum caso de óbito foi notificado pelos atores envolvidos. Sensibilidade: há problemas a serem superados pelo NHE e Núcleo de Vigilância Epidemiológica. Representatividade: 96,8% dos óbitos do município ocorreram no Hospital do estudo. Oportunidade: o tempo entre a ocorrência do óbito e o encaminhamento ao município da investigação completa foi de 15,7 dias. Flexibilidade: o sistema foi considerado flexível. Valor preditivo positivo: todas as investigações de 2015 foram realizadas a partir da Declaração de Óbito e eram compatíveis com os casos. Estabilidade: alguns problemas eventuais foram apontados, tecnológicos ou por deficiências de recursos humanos. Conclusões: Para aprimorar o sistema de vigilância de óbitos perinatais será necessário: implementar ações voltadas aos diferentes profissionais atuantes na área materno infantil do hospital, para que passem a informar os casos ao NHE e para aprimorar a qualidade dos registros de dados nos prontuários; implementar busca ativa de óbitos perinatais em todas as unidades hospitalares que atendem gestantes e recém-nascidos e buscar mecanismos que permitam identificar, além dos óbitos infantis, os óbitos fetais pelo sistema de informática do hospital. / Epidemiological surveillance is essential for the planning, implementation and evaluation of public health practices. The monitoring of perinatal mortality, within the system of epidemiological surveillance, depends on quality of data in information systems. Object: To evaluate the perinatal deaths surveillance system of the Hospital Nucleus of Epidemiology (HNE) of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Methods: A transversal study was conducted based on 80 deaths between April 2014 and April 2015 at the HNE of a tertiary referral hospital in the interior of São Paulo state. Our evaluation references were proposed by the American Center for Disease Control to be used in public health. The following attributes were addressed: utility, simplicity, data quality, acceptability, sensitivity, representativeness, timeliness, flexibility, predictive value positive, and stability. This study was approved by the local Research Ethics Committee. Results: Utility: the system is little used, the data are not returned to professionals, they are used neither in action proposals in order to avoid the emergence of new cases, nor in health management. Data quality: 6.2% of variables were blank in investigations; the agreement rate between original investigations and the ones conducted for the study was 79.1%, of which the category with the greatest disagreement/lack of data was birth assistance (35.8%). Simplicity: the vast majority (91.2%) of investigations was conducted on a single source of data, and the average time spent on investigating infant deaths was 63.4 minutes, with interquartile range of 29.2 minutes and 27.3 minutes with interquartile range of 12.5 minutes on fetal deaths. Acceptability: no death was reported by the individuals involved. Sensitivity: there are issues to be overcome by the NHE and the Epidemiological Surveillance Nucleus. Representativeness: 96.8% of deaths in the municipality occurred in the hospital under study. timeliness: the time span between death and referring the complete investigation to the municipality was 15.7 days. Flexibility: the system was considered flexible. Predictive value positive: all investigations in 2015 were conducted based on the date of death and were compatible with the cases. Stability: some possible problems (of a technological nature or due to lack of staff) were highlighted. Conclusions: To have a better surveillance system for perinatal deaths, it will be necessary to: implement actions geared at different professionals working at the maternity and child ward of the hospital so that they begin to report cases to the HNE and improve the quality of records in patients’ files; to implement an active search of perinatal deaths in all hospital units dealing with pregnant women and newborns and to search for mechanisms that make it possible to identify, besides infant deaths, fetal deaths by means of the hospital’s IT system.

D.Cur. / Although the general topic of death is receiving increasing attention by the medical community, little is known about the impact that pregnancy loss has on the lives experiencing it. Statistics show that the problem is widespread, but they tell nothing about the tears, the regrets, the feeling of guilt and the long process of rebuilding hope. And the medical community is not consistent in attitude or skill where caring for mothers with pregnancy loss. Mothers expect their physicians to be understanding and compassionate, especially when the worst fear has become a reality and the baby had died. Sadly, these expectations are too often unfulfilled, leaving the mother angry and confused, instead, death becomes the enemy to be avoided and opposed at all costs. The purpose of this study is to develop a conceptual framework of support to mothers with pregnancy loss to assist midwives and doctors in supporting these mothers

Orientadores: Ricardo Barini, Jose Guilherme Cecatti / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T09:44:20Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Silva_LucianaVivas_M.pdf: 2243768 bytes, checksum: 779bfadbc13a9b63606a5548362e4609 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Mestrado / Tocoginecologia / Mestre em Tocoginecologia

Intrauterin fosterdöd (IUFD) definieras som ett barn som, efter 22 fullgångna graviditetsveckor, efter framfödandet inte visar några livstecken. Det drabbar drygt 400 barn i Sverige årligen. Enligt tidigare forskning har barnmorskan en viktig roll i att förbereda föräldrarna samt underlätta deras första möte med sitt döda barn. Ofta beskrivs barnmorskans arbete som glädjefyllt, men känslor som kan vara svåra att hantera väcks samtidigt som barnmorskan i sin vårdande roll skall arbeta stödjande och stärkande. Begränsat med studier finns på hur barnmorskan upplever denna situation. Syftet med studien är att belysa barnmorskans upplevelser i mötet med intrauterin fosterdöd. Studien utgår från en kvalitativ metod med induktiv ansats där åtta barnmorskor intervjuades. Datamaterialet analyserades med innehållsanalys, vilket ledde till fem kategorier och ett övergripande tema; Berikande möten skapas genom att våga vårda i sorg. De fem kategorierna var; Att vårda med en djupare relation, Att vårda innebär att ge det bästa, Att vårda med struktur är stödjande, Att vårda med egna känslor samt Att känna sig trygg underlättar vårdandet. Att möta IUFD och de föräldrapar som drabbats av detta ses av barnmorskorna i studien som ett värdefullt och berikande möte, vilket leder till fina och djupa relationer. I mötet önskar barnmorskan använda sin fulla potential som barnmorska och människa för att kunna ge föräldraparen en fin upplevelse och ett vackert första möte med sitt döda barn. Det mest centrala i mötet med IUFD är enligt barnmorskorna att vara ett stöd för det blivande föräldraparet genom att få möjligheten att skapa en miljö där föräldraparet kan känna sig trygga, omhändertagna och bekräftade. Att kunna finnas där för paret genom kontinuitet och närvaro i kropp och sinne, är enligt barnmorskorna oerhört betydelsefullt. I resultatet framkommer att det är föräldrarnas sorg som är i centrum och att barnmorskans egna känslor snarare handlar om deras förmåga att känna empati som medmänniska. / Intrauterine Fetal Death (IUFD) - the clinical term for stillbirth - is defined as the premature termination of a fetus after more than 22 full weeks of pregnancy and occurs in Sweden over 400 times per year. Prior research indicates that midwives play an important role in assisting births and preparing new parents. Midwifery is often described as satisfying and joyful work, however certain occurrences also raise difficult and painful feelings. While stillbirths are known to have a traumatic impact on mothers, there is only a limited number of studies to better understand the impact of IUFD on midwives. As such, the purpose of the study is to illuminate the experience of midwives exposed to IUFD. The study pursues a qualitative method, aiming to draw inductive conclusions based on interview with eight midwives. The data were analyzed using content analysis, which lead to five categories and one overarching theme. The broad theme was Enriching encounters are created by daring to care in grief. The five categories were: Providing care with a deeper relationship, Providing care entails giving the best, Providing care with structure is supportive, Providing care with one’s own feelings, Feeling secure aids providing care. The midwives interviewed saw encountering IUFD and parents affected by it as a valuable and enriching experience, which leads to deep and meaningful relationships. Midwives interviewed wish to exercise their full potential and help ensure the best possible experience for parents. The central concern when encountering IUFD is to support the parents by creating an environment where the parents can feel safe, cared for, and validated. To provide consistent, continuous, and present care is highly significant according to the midwives. Among the results, it is apparent that the grief of parents is central and that the midwife’s own feelings are more closely tied to their ability to empathize.

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar fatores preditores de óbito intra uterino e/ou parto prematuro abaixo de 32 semanas em gestações gemelares, em que um feto apresentava pelo menos uma malformação estrutural \"major\". Consistiu em levantamento retrospectivo (1999-2012), realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, e compreendeu 51 gestações (dicoriônicas: 31, monocoriônicas diamnióticas: 15, monocoriônicas monoamnióticas: 4, e 1 caso com corionicidade não determinada). O diagnóstico da anomalia fetal foi realizado com idade gestacional média de 21,5±3,7 semanas, e todos os casos ingressaram no serviço até 26 semanas de gestação. Quanto ao órgão ou sistema acometido, as frequências observadas foram: 31,4%, cardíacas; 29,4%, parede; 21,5%, sistema nervoso central; 17,6%, coluna; 17,6%, derrames; 15,7%, tórax; 13,7%, trato genito-urinário; 3,9%, extremidades e partes moles; 1,9%, trato gastro-intestinaI e 1,9%, face. A predição dos desfechos foi investigada por meio de regressão logística \"stepwise\" incluindo as seguintes variáveis: idade materna, idade gestacional no momento do diagnóstico, corionicidade, sexo dos fetos, além do número e tipo de malformações encontradas. O nível de significância estatística foi definido como < 0,15. Óbito intrauterino do feto malformado (n=15, 29,4%) apresentou relação significativa com o número de anomalias fetais (p=0,02, OR= 2,54, IC95%= 1,14-5,62), presença de derrame (p=0,06, OR= 4,7, IC95%= 0,95-24) e gestação monocoriônica (p=0,11, OR= 2,8, IC95%= 0,78- 9,8). Óbito do cogemelar normal (n=4, 7,8%) se relacionou com a monocorionicidade (p=0,14, OR= 5,8, IC95%= 0,56-61). Parto abaixo de 32 semanas ocorreu em 14 (27,5%) gestações, e a presença de derrame cavitário foi a variável que se relacionou significativamente com esse desfecho (p= 0,04, OR = 5,5, IC95% = 1,07-28) / The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of fetal death and premature delivery before 32 weeks in twin pregnancies with one fetus affected by a major structural malformation. It was a retrospective study (1999-2012), conducted at São Paulo University Medical School Hospital, involving 51 pregnancies (dichorionic: 31, monochorionic diamniotic: 15, monochorionic monoamniotic: 4, and 1 case in which chorionicity was not established). Fetal abnormality was diagnosed at a mean gestation of 21.5±3.7 weeks, and all cases were enrolled until 26 weeks. Cardiac abnormalities were observed in 31.4%, abdominal wall defects: 29.4%, central nervous system: 21.5%, spine: 17.6%, effusions: 17.6%, non-cardiac thoracic abnormalities: 15.7%, genital and urinary system: 13.7%, limbs and soft tissue: 3.9%, intestinal: 1.9% and facial defects: 1.9%. Prediction of abnormal outcome was examined with stepwise logistic regression analysis and independent variables included: maternal age, gestational age at diagnosis, chorionicity, fetal gender, number and type of fetal abnormality. Significance level was set at 0.15. Fetal death occurred in 15 (29.4%) abnormal fetuses and was significantly correlated with the number of fetal malformations (p=0.02, OR= 2.54, 95%CI= 1.14-5.62), presence of effusion (p=0.06, OR= 4.7, 95%CI= 0.95-24) and monochorionic pregnancies (p=0.11, OR= 2.8, 95%CI= 0.78-9.8). Normal co-twin fetal death occurred in 4 cases (7.8%) and was related to monochorionic pregnancies (p=0.14, OR= 5.8, 95%CI= 0.56-61). Delivery before 32 weeks was observed in 14 (27.5%) pregnancies and was related to presence of effusion (p= 0.04, OR= 5.5, 95%CI= 1.07-28)

O presente estudo teve por objetivo investigar fatores preditores de óbito intra uterino e/ou parto prematuro abaixo de 32 semanas em gestações gemelares, em que um feto apresentava pelo menos uma malformação estrutural \"major\". Consistiu em levantamento retrospectivo (1999-2012), realizado no Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, e compreendeu 51 gestações (dicoriônicas: 31, monocoriônicas diamnióticas: 15, monocoriônicas monoamnióticas: 4, e 1 caso com corionicidade não determinada). O diagnóstico da anomalia fetal foi realizado com idade gestacional média de 21,5±3,7 semanas, e todos os casos ingressaram no serviço até 26 semanas de gestação. Quanto ao órgão ou sistema acometido, as frequências observadas foram: 31,4%, cardíacas; 29,4%, parede; 21,5%, sistema nervoso central; 17,6%, coluna; 17,6%, derrames; 15,7%, tórax; 13,7%, trato genito-urinário; 3,9%, extremidades e partes moles; 1,9%, trato gastro-intestinaI e 1,9%, face. A predição dos desfechos foi investigada por meio de regressão logística \"stepwise\" incluindo as seguintes variáveis: idade materna, idade gestacional no momento do diagnóstico, corionicidade, sexo dos fetos, além do número e tipo de malformações encontradas. O nível de significância estatística foi definido como < 0,15. Óbito intrauterino do feto malformado (n=15, 29,4%) apresentou relação significativa com o número de anomalias fetais (p=0,02, OR= 2,54, IC95%= 1,14-5,62), presença de derrame (p=0,06, OR= 4,7, IC95%= 0,95-24) e gestação monocoriônica (p=0,11, OR= 2,8, IC95%= 0,78- 9,8). Óbito do cogemelar normal (n=4, 7,8%) se relacionou com a monocorionicidade (p=0,14, OR= 5,8, IC95%= 0,56-61). Parto abaixo de 32 semanas ocorreu em 14 (27,5%) gestações, e a presença de derrame cavitário foi a variável que se relacionou significativamente com esse desfecho (p= 0,04, OR = 5,5, IC95% = 1,07-28) / The aim of the present study was to investigate predictors of fetal death and premature delivery before 32 weeks in twin pregnancies with one fetus affected by a major structural malformation. It was a retrospective study (1999-2012), conducted at São Paulo University Medical School Hospital, involving 51 pregnancies (dichorionic: 31, monochorionic diamniotic: 15, monochorionic monoamniotic: 4, and 1 case in which chorionicity was not established). Fetal abnormality was diagnosed at a mean gestation of 21.5±3.7 weeks, and all cases were enrolled until 26 weeks. Cardiac abnormalities were observed in 31.4%, abdominal wall defects: 29.4%, central nervous system: 21.5%, spine: 17.6%, effusions: 17.6%, non-cardiac thoracic abnormalities: 15.7%, genital and urinary system: 13.7%, limbs and soft tissue: 3.9%, intestinal: 1.9% and facial defects: 1.9%. Prediction of abnormal outcome was examined with stepwise logistic regression analysis and independent variables included: maternal age, gestational age at diagnosis, chorionicity, fetal gender, number and type of fetal abnormality. Significance level was set at 0.15. Fetal death occurred in 15 (29.4%) abnormal fetuses and was significantly correlated with the number of fetal malformations (p=0.02, OR= 2.54, 95%CI= 1.14-5.62), presence of effusion (p=0.06, OR= 4.7, 95%CI= 0.95-24) and monochorionic pregnancies (p=0.11, OR= 2.8, 95%CI= 0.78-9.8). Normal co-twin fetal death occurred in 4 cases (7.8%) and was related to monochorionic pregnancies (p=0.14, OR= 5.8, 95%CI= 0.56-61). Delivery before 32 weeks was observed in 14 (27.5%) pregnancies and was related to presence of effusion (p= 0.04, OR= 5.5, 95%CI= 1.07-28)

Objective: To identify the epidemiological characteristics of early fetal and neonatal deaths in maternal near miss patients and the associated elements to this outcome. Method: Cross-sectional study including 79 women with features near miss, identified in a one-year period, and their newborns. Semi-structured interviews and the study of patients’ records were conducted. The variables were analyzed through simple frequency and percentage. To evaluate the association between those variables, the Fisher’s Exact Test was used. For the multivariate analysis the perceptual map constructed from the multiple correspondence examination was used, using the variables that were significant to 20%. Results: Amongst the near miss mothers, hypertensive disorders (severe pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, hypertension) totalized 32 cases (40,5%) and, of those, 14 (58,3%) had fetal and neonatal adverse outcome (p 0,046). The highest prevalence of fetal and neonatal adverse outcome was derived from cesarean delivery (20, 83,3%), of women with 2 or 3 children (11, 45,8%), and without previous stillbirths (17, 70,8%), this last variable with significance p 0,038. In the fetal and neonatal adverse outcome analysis significant levels were verified in newborns admitted in Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (17, 70,8%, p < 0,001); children with gestational age < 32 weeks (10, 41,6%, p < 0,001); birth weight < 2500 (16, 66,7%, p 0,001); APGAR score at 5 minutes < 7 (9, 52,9%, p < 0,001); neonatal asphyxia, 9 (50,00%, p < 0,001); and early respiratory distress syndrome, 13 (72,2%, p 0,002). Conclusion: The characteristic of early fetal and neonatal deaths in maternal near miss patients had a close association with fetal and neonatal adverse outcome. Among the mothers with hypertensive disorders the significant characteristics to the outcome in newborns were prematurity, neonatal asphyxia and early respiratory distress syndrome. / Objetivo: Identificar as características epidemiológicas dos óbitos fetais e neonatais precoces em pacientes com near miss materno e os fatores associados a este desfecho. Método: Estudo transversal, cuja população foi composta por 79 mulheres com características de near miss (NM), identificadas no período de um ano, e dos seus respectivos recém-nascidos. Foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e investigação dos prontuários. As variáveis foram analisadas por meio de frequências simples e percentual. Para avaliar associação entre as variáveis, utilizou-se o teste Exato de Fisher. Para análise multivariada, foi usado o mapa perceptual construído a partir da análise de correspondência múltipla e utilizadas as variáveis que foram significativas a 20%. Resultados: Entre as mães classificadas com NM, as desordens hipertensivas (pré-eclâmpsia grave, eclâmpsia, hipertensão) totalizaram 32 casos (40,5%) e, destes, 14 (58,3%) tiveram desfecho fetal e neonatal adverso (DFNA) com p-valor =0,046. A maior prevalência de DFNA foi proveniente de parto cesáreo (20, 83,3%), de mulheres com dois a três filhos (11, 45,8%) e sem natimortos anteriores (17, 70,8%), verificando-se significância para esta última variável p =0,038. Na análise dos DFNA, foi observada significância estatística para os recém-nascidos admitidos na UTIN (17, 70,8%, p <0,001); crianças com idade gestacional < 32 semanas (10, 41,6%, p <0,001); peso ao nascer < 2500 (16, 66,7%, p =0,001); APGAR de 5 minutos < 7 contabilizaram 9 (52,9%, p <0,001); asfixia neonatal, 9 (50%, p <0,001); e desconforto respiratório precoce, 13 (72,2%, p =0,002). Conclusão: As características dos óbitos fetais e neonatais precoces em pacientes com near miss materno tiveram associação forte com o desfecho fetal e neonatal adverso. Nas mães com desordens hipertensivas, as características estatisticamente significantes para o desfecho entre os recém-nascidos foram a prematuridade, asfixia neonatal e desconforto respiratório precoce.