When subjected to a combination of moment and shear force, a reinforced concrete (RC) beam with either little or no transverse reinforcement can fail in shear before reaching its full flexural strength. This type of failure is sudden in nature and usually disastrous because it does not give sufficient warning prior to collapse. To prevent this type of shear failure, reinforced concrete beams are traditionally reinforced with stirrups. However, the use of stirrups is not always cost effective since it increases labor costs, and can make casting concrete difficult in situations where closely-spaced stirrups are required. The use of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC) could be considered as a potential alternative to the use of traditional shear reinforcement. Concrete is very weak and brittle in tension, SFRC transforms this behaviour and improves the diagonal tension capacity of concrete and thus can result in significant enhancements in shear capacity. However, one of the drawbacks associated with SFRC is that the addition of fibers to a regular concrete mix can cause problems in workability. The use of self-consolidating concrete (SCC) is an innovative solution to this problem and can result in improved workability when fibers are added to the mix. The thesis presents the experimental results from tests on twelve slender self-consolidating fiber reinforced concrete (SCFRC) beams tested under four-point loading. The results demonstrate the combined use of SCC and steel fibers can improve the shear resistance of reinforced concrete beams, enhance crack control and can promote flexural ductility. Despite extensive research, there is a lack of accurate and reliable design guidelines for the use of SFRC in beams. This study presents a rational model which can accurately predict the shear resistance of steel fiber reinforced concrete beams. The thesis also proposes a safe and reliable equation which can be used for the shear design of SFRC beams.

Incorporating reinforcement into the practice of digital concrete construction, often called 3D-concrete-printing, is a prerequisite for wide-ranging, structural applications of this new technology. Strain-Hardening Cement-based Composites (SHCC) offer one possible solution to this challenge. In this work, printable SHCC were developed and tested. The composites could be extruded through a nozzle of a 3D-printer so that continuous filaments could be deposited, one upon the other, to build lab-scaled wall specimens without noticeable deformation of the bottom layers. The specimens extracted from the printed walls exhibited multiple fine cracks and pronounced strain-hardening characteristics under uniaxial tensile loading, even for fiber volume fractions as low as 1.0%. In fact, the strain-hardening characteristics of printed specimens were superior to those of mold-cast SHCC specimens.

Auf der Basis der Bemessungsgrundlagen (DAfStb-Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton“, DBV-Merkblatt „Stahlfaserbeton“ und DIN 1045-1) wurden ausgewählte Bauteilversuche mit entsprechenden rechnerischen Überprüfungen der experimentell ermittelten Ergebnisse durchgeführt. Die Untersuchungen konzentrierten sich auf die Ermittlung der Effizienz von ausgewählten Stahlfasern in Betonen mit und ohne Betonstahlbewehrung in durch Biegung ohne Längskraft belasteten Versuchskörpern unter Betrachtung der Grenzzustände der Gebrauchstauglichkeit (GZG) und Tragfähigkeit (GZT). Das Versuchsprogramms umfasste neben der Prüfung ausgewählter Frischbetoneigenschaften die Bestimmung von Festbetonparametern an standardisierten Probekörpern. Des Weiteren wurden 4-Punkt-Biegezugversuche an Balken mit den Abmessungen l/h/b = 70/15/15 cm aus reinem Stahlfaserbeton sowie stahlfaserbewehrtem Stahlbeton, in Anlehnung an das DBV-Merkblatt „Stahlfaserbeton“ und die Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton“ vom DAfStb, durchgeführt. Aufbauend auf den Erkenntnissen aus den Materialversuchen im Labormaßstab wurden anschließend Untersuchungen an großformatigen Biegebalken (l/h/b = 420/40/20 cm) durchgeführt. Im Weiteren erfolgten Prüfungen und Auswertungen von Einzelfaserausziehversuchen mit ausgewählten Stahldrahtfasern in Verbindung mit Betonen unterschiedlicher Druckfestigkeit unter Berücksichtigung des Einflusses der Einbindelänge sowie des Einbindewinkels. Im Rahmen des Versuchsprogramms wurden die auf der Grundlage der 4-Punkt-Biegezugversuche ermittelten Ergebnisse analysiert und mit dem derzeit gültigen Bemessungsmodell nach DAfStb-Richtlinie „Stahlfaserbeton“ rechnerisch überprüft. Auf der Basis dieser Ergebnisse erfolgte die Entwicklung eines Ansatzes zur Optimierung der bestehenden Bemessungsansätze. Gegenstand dieser Forschungsarbeit war ebenfalls die Entwicklung eines Fasermodells, mit dem man auf der Grundlage des eingesetzten Fasergehaltes und der Faserart Rückschlüsse auf die Faseranzahl in einer rechteckigen Bruchfläche ziehen kann. Hierbei wurde ein Modell für Rechteckquerschnitte entwickelt, welches es ermöglicht, die durchschnittliche Faseranzahl in einer Bruchfläche, auf der Basis vereinfachter Annahmen, abzuschätzen. Die Verifizierung des Modells erfolgte durch den Vergleich der errechneten Faseranzahl mit zahlreichen experimentellen Versuchsergebnissen. Im letzten Abschnitt dieser Arbeit wurde die Herleitung bzw. Generierung von Bemessungshilfsmitteln zur Biegebemessung von Stahlfaserbeton mit und ohne Betonstahlbewehrung behandelt. Die Ausführungen beziehen sich dabei auf dimensionslose Bemessungstafeln und Interaktionsdiagrammen für Rechteckquerschnitte.

In the course of revitalizing the Poseidon Building in Frankfurt, an energetically optimized façade, made of architectural concrete was developed. The development of a fiber-reinforced architectural concrete had to consider the necessary mechanical strength, design technology and surface quality. The fiber-reinforced architectural concrete has a compressive strength of 104.1 MPa and a 3-point bending tensile strength of 19.5 MPa. Beyond that, it was ensured that the fiber-reinforced high-performance concrete had a high durability, which has been shown by the capillary suction of de-icing solution and freeze thaw test with a weathering of abrasion of 113 g/m² after 28 freeze-thaw cycles and a mean water penetration depth of 11 mm.

In den letzten Jahren gewinnt der Leichtbau im Bauwesen im Zuge der Ressourceneinsparung wieder stärker an Bedeutung, denn ohne eine deutliche Steigerung der Effizienz ist zukunfts-fähiges Bauen und Wohnen nur schwer zu bewerkstelligen. Optimiertes Bauen, im Sinne der Errichtung und Unterhaltung von Bauwerken mit geringem Einsatz an Material, Energie und Fläche über den gesamten Lebenszyklus eines Gebäudes hinweg, bedarf des Leichtbaus in punkto Material, Struktur und Technologie. In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird ein wissenschaftlicher Überblick zum aktuellen Stand der eigenen Forschungen in Bezug auf funktionsintegrativen Leichtbau im Bauwesen gegeben sowie erweiterte Methoden und Ansätze abgeleitet, die eine Konzeption, Bemessung und Erprobung von neuartigen Hochleistungs-Tragstrukturen in Leichtbauweise gestatten. Dabei steht die Entwicklung leistungs-starker und zugleich multifunktionaler Werkstoffkombinatio-nen und belastungsgerecht dimensionierter Strukturkomponenten unter dem Aspekt der Gewichtsminimalität in Material und Konstruktion im Fokus. Ein breit gefächertes Eigen-schaftsprofil für \"maßgeschneiderte\" Leichtbauanwendungen besitzen textilverstärkte Ver-bundbauteile, denn sowohl die Fadenarchitektur als auch die Matrix können in weiten Berei-chen variiert und an die im Bauwesen vorliegenden komplexen Anforderungen angepasst werden. In der vorliegenden Arbeit werden hierzu vor allem Methoden und Lösungen anhand von Beispielen zu: multifunktionalen Faser-Kunststoff-Verbunden (FKV), funktionsintegrier-ten faserverstärkten mineralischen Tragelemente und Verbundstrukturen in textilbewehrter Beton-GFK-Hybridbauweise betrachtet. Von zentraler Bedeutung ist dabei die Schaffung von materialtechnischen, konstruktiven und technologischen Grundlagen entlang der gesamten Wertschöpfungskette – von der Leichtbauidee über Demonstrator und Referenzobjekt bis hin zur technologischen Umsetzung zur Überführung der Forschungsergebnisse in die Praxis. / In the last few years, lightweight construction in the building sector has gained more and more importance in the course of resource saving. Without a significant increase in efficiency, future-oriented construction and resource-conserving living is difficult to achieve. Optimized building, in the sense of the erection and maintenance of buildings with little use of material, energy and surface over the entire life time cycle of a building, requires lightweight design in terms of material, structure and technology. In this thesis, a scientific overview of the current state of research on function-integrative light-weight construction in architecture is presented. Furthermore, advanced methods and research approaches were developed and applied, that allows the design, dimensioning and testing of novel high-performance supporting structures in lightweight design. The focus is on the development of high-performance, multi-functional material combinations and load-adapted structural elements, under the aspect of weight minimization in material and construction. Textile-reinforced composites have a broad range of material properties for optimized \"tailor-made\" lightweight design applications, since the thread architecture as well as the matrix can be varied within wide ranges and can adapted to the complex requirements in the building industry. Within the scope of this thesis, methods and solutions are examined in the field of: multifunc-tional fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), function-integrated fiber-reinforced composites with mineral matrix (TRC) and textile-reinforced hybrid composites (BetoTexG: combination of TRC and FRP). In this connection the creation of material, structural and technological foundations along the entire value chain is of central importance: From the lightweight design idea to the demonstrator and reference object, to the technological implementation for the transfer of the research results into practice.

Various anchorage systems including both cast-in-place and post-installed anchors have been developed for fastening both non-structural and structural components to concrete structures. The need for increased flexibility in the design of new structures and strengthening of existing concrete structures has led to increased use of various metallic anchors in practice. Although millions of fasteners are used each year in the construction industry around the world, knowledge of the fastening technology remains poor. In a sustainable society, buildings and structures must, from time to time, be adjusted to meet new demands. Loads on structures must, in general, be increased to comply with new demands, and the structural components and the structural connections must also be upgraded. From the structural connection point of view, the adequacy of the current fastenings for the intended increased load must be determined, and inadequate fastenings must either be replaced or upgraded. The current design models are generally believed to be conservative, although the extent of this behavior is not very clear. To address these issues, the current models must be refined to allow the design of new fastenings and also the assessment of current anchorage systems in practice. The research presented in this thesis consists of numerical and experimental studies of the load-carrying capacity of anchors in concrete structures. Two different types of anchors were studied: (I) cast-in-place headed anchors, and (II) post-installed adhesive anchors. This research focused particularly on the tensile load-carrying capacity of cast-in-place headed anchors and also on the sustained tension loading performance of post-installed adhesive anchors. The overall objective of this research was to provide knowledge for the development of improved methods of designing new fastening systems and assessing the current anchorage systems in practice. For the cast-in-place headed anchors (I), the influence of various parameters including the size of anchor head, thickness of concrete member, amount of orthogonal surface reinforcement, presence of concrete cracks, concrete compressive strength, and addition of steel fibers to concrete were studied. Among these parameters, the influence of the anchor head size, member thickness, surface reinforcement, and cracked concrete was initially evaluated via numerical analysis of headed anchors at various embedment depths. Although these parameters have considerable influence on the anchorage capacity and performance, this influence is not explicitly considered by the current design models. The numerical results showed that the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors increases with increasing member thickness and/or increasing size of the anchor head or the use of orthogonal surface reinforcement. However, their capacity decreased considerably in cracked concrete. Based on the numerical results, the current theoretical model for the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors was extended by incorporating several modification factors that take the influence of the investigated parameters into account. In addition, a supplementary experimental study was performed to verify the numerically obtained findings and the proposed refined model. The experimental results corresponded closely to the numerical results, both in terms of failure load and failure pattern, thereby confirming the validity of the proposed model. The validity of the model was further confirmed through experimental results reported in the literature. Additional experiments were performed to determine the influence of the concrete compressive strength and the addition of steel fiber to concrete on the anchorage capacity and performance. These experiments showed that the anchorage capacity and stiffness increase considerably with increasing concrete compressive strength, but the ductility of the anchor decreases. However, the anchorage capacity and ductility increased significantly with the addition of steel fibers to the concrete mixture. The test results also revealed that the tensile breakout capacity of headed anchors in steel fiber-reinforced concrete is significantly underestimated by the current design model. The long-term performance and creep behavior of the post-installed headed anchors (II) was evaluated from the results of long-time tests on adhesive anchors under sustained loads. In this experimental study, adhesive anchors of various sizes were subjected to various sustained load levels for up to 28 years. The anchors were also exposed to several in-service conditions including indoor temperature, variations in the outdoor temperature and humidity, wetness (i.e., water on the surface of concrete), and the presence of salt (setting accelerant) additives in the concrete. Among the tested in-service conditions, variations in the outdoor temperature and humidity had the most adverse effect on the long-term sustained loading performance of the anchors. Based on the test results, recommendations were proposed for maximum sustained load levels under various conditions. The anchors tested under indoor conditions could carry sustained loads of up to 47% of their mean ultimate short-term capacities. However, compared with these anchors, the anchors tested under outdoor conditions exhibited larger creep deformation and failure occurred at sustained loads higher than 23% of their mean ultimate short-term capacities. Salt additives in concrete and wet conditions had negligible influence on the long-term performance of the anchors, although the wet condition resulted in progressive corrosion of the steel. Based on the experimental results, the suitability of the current testing and approval provisions for qualifying adhesive anchors subjected to long-term sustained tensile loads was evaluated. The evaluations revealed that the current approval provisions are not necessarily reliable for qualifying adhesive anchors for long-term sustained loading applications. Recommendations were given for modifying the current provisions to ensure safe long-term performance of adhesive anchors under sustained loads.

Dans cette thèse, plusieurs approches de modélisation de composites renforcés par des fibres sont proposées. Le matériau étudié est le béton fibré, et dans ce modèle, on tient compte de l’influence de trois constituants : le béton, les fibres, et la liaison entre eux. Le comportement du béton est analysé avec un modèle d’endommagement, les fibres d'acier sont considérées comme élastiques linéaires, et le comportement sur l'interface est décrit avec une loi de glissement avec l’extraction complète de la fibre. Une approche multi-échelle pour coupler tous les constituants est proposée, dans laquelle le calcul à l'échelle macro est effectué en utilisant la procédure de solution operator-split. Cette approche partitionnée divise le calcul en deux phases, globale et locale, dans lesquelles différents mécanismes de rupture sont traités séparément, ce qui est conforme au comportement du composite observé expérimentalement. L'identification des paramètres est effectuée en minimisant l'erreur entre les valeurs calculées et mesurées. Les modèles proposés sont validés par des exemples numériques. / In this thesis, several approaches for modeling fiber-reinforced composites are proposed. The material under consideration is fiber-reinforced concrete, which is composed of a few constituents: concrete, short steel fibers, and the interface between them. The behavior of concrete is described by a damage model with localized failure, fibers are taken to be linear elastic, and the behavior of the interface is modeled with a bond-slip pull-out law. A multi-scale approach for coupling all the constituents is proposed, where the macro-scale computation is carried out using the operator-split solution procedure. This partitioned approach divides the computation in two phases, global and local, where different failure mechanisms are treated separately, which is in accordance with the experimentally observed composite behavior. An inverse model for fiber-reinforced concrete is presented, where the stochastic caracterization of the fibers is known from their distribution inside the domain. Parameter identification is performed by minimizing the error between the computed and measured values. The proposed models are validated through numerical examples.

The theme of the diploma thesis is the solution of the pre-plant zone of the Dukovany nuclear power station. Creating a vision of how this space could develop further in the next 50 years and how it could work in a transitional phase during the construction of a new nuclear power plant unit. The subject of the thesis is the elaboration of an architectural study, which is based on an urban study. Urban study was processed within the framework of the pre-diploma thesis and solved mainly the overall problems of this area, the new transport connection, and the functional division of the whole area. The area was divided into three functional units, namely the transport zone, the administrative zone and the sports and education zone. At present, there are a lot of small structurally and functionally unsuitable buildings in this area. The diploma thesis deals with the design of new buildings with a clear functional use in the administrative zone, in the area in front of the main gatehouse. A new representative square was created, and three buildings are designed around it. The dominant feature of the whole area was a high-rise office building near the gatehouse. In front of the office building, towards the main road, the service building I was designed, which contains business and healthcare services. On the other side of the square was located the service building II, where there are technical services, such as workshops, warehouses and metrology. The last building solved within the diploma thesis is the building of sports and locker rooms of suppliers, which is designed behind the square near the greenery. New building copies mass of the only preserved building in this area, namely the building of the information centre. The designed building has a fitness centre and locker rooms of external workers of the power plant.

The master thesis is focused on design and static calculations of fiber reinforced concrete ground slab. The assessed structure is composed of 6 floors and 2 underground floors. A ground slab is based on piles and designed as a waterproof structure. The structural analysis program RFEM 5.05 has been used for calculation of internal forces.

Les enquêtes récentes sur les séismes ont fait ressortir l'importance des murs en béton armé en tant que partie intégrante des structures. L’évolution des règlements prend en compte ces considérations, par contre le bâti existant doit subir des renforcements dans l’objectif de leur mise en conformité. Dans cette thèse une étude expérimentale faite sur douze murs (six élancés et six courts) renforcés par un collage externe en composite a été conduite. Les murs ont été conçus en étant sous-renforcés à la flexion et cisaillement. Quatre de ces six échantillons ont été renforcés par des bandes de PRFC collées. Deux spécimens, un témoin et un renforcé, ont été soumis à un test de chargement statique et quatre échantillons, l'un témoin et trois rénovés, ont été soumis à des essais de charge cyclique. La discussion et l’analyse des tests incluent la description de la fissuration, l’analyse de la rigidité, de la capacité de charge ultime, de la ductilité. / Recent earthquake surveys have revealed the significance of RC walls as an integral part of structures. It reduces the structure damage to some extent. However, like other structural member they too are vulnerable. Researchers on basis of their post eartthquake survey and laboratary experiments have concluded that the RC wall buildings sustained damage, mainly due to design and construction work flaws. In this thesis experimental result of shear walls is discussed. They were designed under-reinforced to fail in shear in ase of short wall and in flexure for slender walls. Three out of these six specimens, in each case, were strengthened externally with CFRP strips bonded to wall panel and mesh anchors installed at wall foundation joint. Two specimens, one RC and one CFRP retrofitted (short and slender wall each), were subjected to static load test and three specimens, one RC and two to three CFRP retrofitted, were subjected to quasi static cyclic load tests. The test result analysis discussion includes failure mode, stiffness, ultimate load capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation.