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Design and Characterization of Composite and Metal Adhesive JointsKaiser, Isaiah 08 August 2023 (has links)
No description available.
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[en] ANALYSIS OF THE HYGRO-THERMO-MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF PULTRUDED GLASS-FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITES / [pt] ANÁLISE DO COMPORTAMENTO HIGRO-TERMO-MECÂNICO DE MATERIAIS COMPÓSITOS PULTRUDADOS POLIMÉRICOS REFORÇADOS COM FIBRA DE VIDROPRISCILLA SHIMBA CARNEIRO VIEIRA 04 July 2023 (has links)
[pt] Materiais compósitos pultrudados poliméricos reforçados com fibra de
vidro (PRFV) são aplicados em diversos setores da indústria por apresentarem boas
resistências mecânicas, baixo peso específico e alta resistência à corrosão. A
exposição a ambientes agressivos tais como imersão em água, condicionamento sob
alta umidade relativa, temperatura baixa e elevada, ciclos térmicos e úmidos, bem
como a combinação desses efeitos, tornou-se cada vez mais objeto de estudo para
esses tipos de materiais. A compreensão dos efeitos das condições ambientais no
comportamento do material é essencial para avaliar seu desempenho e, desta forma,
garantir a segurança necessária ao projeto estrutural. Com o objetivo de
compreender melhor a influência de diferentes condições ambientais nas
propriedades do material compósito PRFV, foram estudados os efeitos da
temperatura e umidade, além da ação combinada dessas duas condições, nas suas
propriedades físicas, químicas, térmicas e mecânicas. Neste estudo, foram levados
em conta aspectos importantes que influenciam o comportamento do material,
como a resina utilizada, o grau de cura, e características químicas e físicas do
material. Os ensaios experimentais foram conduzidos em quatro condições
ambientais: (i) exposição a temperaturas moderadas/elevadas (70 graus C à 330 graus C), (ii)
imersão em água deionizada (25 graus C, 55 graus C e 70 graus C), (iii) exposição à névoa salina
em câmaras de envelhecimento higrotérmico (35 graus C, 55 graus C e 70 graus C), e (iv) exposição
a ambiente externo real. Além disso, foram aplicados modelos teóricos para
avaliação dos resultados. Foi observado que a temperatura, o tempo de
condicionamento e a umidade são fatores preponderantes no comportamento do
material. Adicionalmente, uma questão importante para o estudo de pultrudados
reside na compreensão das propriedades interlaminares do material. Nesse
contexto, a fratura interlaminar, associada às fissuras no plano longitudinal entre as
camadas do material, é uma das principais causas de falha em compósitos
pultrudados. Consequentemente, a análise da fratura em modo II, que avalia o
mecanismo da propagação da fissura no plano interlaminar, vem ganhando espaço
no estudo de materiais compósitos. A análise de fratura em modo II não é trivial ou
normatizada para compósitos pultrudados PRFV, de forma que poucos dados e
conclusões efetivas foram obtidos até o momento a esse respeito. Com o objetivo
de suprir essa lacuna, realizou-se uma extensa investigação experimental,
culminando na proposição de uma nova metodologia para avaliação da fratura em
modo II em materiais compósitos poliméricos pultrudados reforçados com fibra de
vidro (PRFV). / [en] Pultruded glass-fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are applied in
various industrial sectors due to their good mechanical strength, low specific
weight, and high resistance to corrosion. Exposure to aggressive environments has
become an increasingly studied topic for these materials, such as immersion in
water, conditioning under high relative humidity, low and high temperatures,
thermal and humid cycles, as well as the combination of these effects.
Understanding the effects of environment condition on material behavior is
essential to evaluate its performance and ensure the necessary safety for structural
design. In order to better understand the influence of environmental conditions on
the properties of GFRPs, the effects of temperature and humidity, as well as the
combined action of these two effects, on their physical, chemical, thermal, and
mechanical properties were studied. Important aspects that influence the material s
behavior were considered, such as the resin used, the degree of curing, and the
chemical and physical characteristics of the material. Experimental tests were
conducted under four environmental conditions: (i) exposure to moderate/high
temperatures (70 degrees C to 330 degrees C), (ii) immersion in deionized water (25 degrees C, 55 degrees C,
and 70 degrees C), (iii) exposure to salt spray in hygrothermal aging chambers (35 degrees C, 55
degrees C, and 70 degrees C), and (iv) exposure to real outdoor environment. In addition,
theoretical models were applied to evaluate the results. It was observed that
temperature, conditioning time, and moisture are predominant factors in material
behavior. Additionally, a important issue for the study of pultruded composites lies
in understanding the interlaminar properties of the material. In this context,
interlaminar fracture, associated with longitudinal cracks between the layers of the
material, is one of the main causes of failure in pultruded composites.
Consequently, mode II fracture analysis, which evaluates the mechanism of crack
propagation in the interlaminar plane, has been gaining ground in the study of
composite materials. Mode II fracture analysis is not trivial or standardized for
pultruded GFRP composites, so few data and effective conclusions have been
obtained in this regard so far. In order to fill this gap, an extensive experimental
investigation was carried out, culminating in the proposal of a new methodology
for evaluating mode II fracture in pultruded GFRPs.
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ELECTROSPINNING OF NOVEL EPOXY-CNT NANOFIBERS: FABRICATION, CHARACTERIZATION AND MACHINE LEARNING BASED OPTIMIZATIONPias Kumar Biswas (16553136) 17 July 2023 (has links)
<p>This investigation delineates the optimal synthesis and characterization of innovative epoxy-carbon nanotube (CNT) nanocomposite filaments via electrospinning. Electrospinning thermosetting materials such as epoxy resins presents significant challenges due to the polycationic behavior arising from intermolecular noncovalent interactions between epoxide and hydroxyl groups, resulting in a substantial increase in solution surface tension. In this study, electrospinning submicron epoxy filaments was achieved through partial curing of epoxy via a thermal treatment process in an organic polar solvent, circumventing the necessity for plasticizers or thermoplastic binders. The filament diameter can be modulated to as low as 100 nm by adjusting electrospinning parameters.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Integrating a minimal amount of CNT into the epoxy matrix yielded enhanced structural, electrical, and thermal stability. The CNTs were aligned within the epoxy filaments due to the electrostatic field present during electrospinning. The modulus of the epoxy and epoxy-CNT filaments were determined to be 3.24 and 4.84 GPa, respectively, resulting in a 49% improvement. Epoxy-CNT nanofibers were directly deposited onto carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP) prepreg layers, yielding augmented adhesion, interfacial bonding, and significant mechanical property enhancements. The interlaminar shear strength (ILSS) and fatigue resistance demonstrated a 29% and 27% increase, respectively, under intense stress conditions. Up to 45% of the Barely Visible Impact Damage (BVID) energy absorption was increased. In addition, the strategic incorporation of CNT (multi-walled) networks between the layers of CFRP resulted in a significant increase in thermal and electrical conductivities.</p>
<p>This study also introduces a scalable fabrication procedure to address large volume processing, reproducibility, accuracy, and electrospinning safety. Electric fields of the experimental multi-nozzle setups were simulated to elucidate the induced surface charges responsible for the Taylor cone formation of the epoxy-CNT solution droplet on the nozzle tips. Electrospinning parameters were subsequently optimized for the multi-nozzle system and analyzed alongside simulated data to improve stability and synthesize fibers with smaller diameters.</p>
<p><br></p>
<p>Smaller diameter epoxy-CNT nanofibers proved critical as CNTs maintained alignment within the nanofibers when compared to larger diameter nanofibers. This research examines the impact of effective parameters on the diameter of electrospun epoxy-CNT nanofibers using artificial neural networks (ANNs). Consequently, employing a genetic algorithm (GA) and Bayesian optimization (BO) methods enable accurate prediction of epoxy-CNT nanofiber diameters prior to electrospinning. The presented models could aid researchers in fabricating electrospun thermosetting and thermoplastic scaffolds with specified fiber diameters, thereby tailoring these scaffolds for specific applications.</p>
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RETROFIT OF EXISTING REINFORCED CONCRETE BRIDGES WITH FIBER REINFORCED POLYMER COMPOSITESBOY, SERPIL 31 March 2004 (has links)
No description available.
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Polymer Stabilized Magnetite Nanoparticles and Poly(propylene oxide) Modified Styrene-Dimethacrylate NetworksHarris, Linda Ann 15 May 2002 (has links)
Magnetic nanoparticles that display high saturation magnetization and high magnetic susceptibility are of great interest for medical applications. Nanomagnetite is particularly desirable because it displays strong ferrimagnetic behavior, and is less sensitive to oxidation than magnetic transition metals such as cobalt, iron, and nickel. Magnetite nanoparticles can be prepared by co-precipitating iron (II) and iron (III) chloride salts in the presence of ammonium hydroxide at pH 9-10. One goal of this work has been to develop a generalized methodology for stabilizing nanomagnetite dispersions using well-defined, non-toxic, block copolymers, so that the resultant magnetite-polymer complexes can be used in a range of biomedical materials.
Hydrophilic triblock copolymers with controlled concentrations of pendent carboxylic acids were prepared. The triblock copolymers contain carboxylic acids in the central urethane segments and controlled molecular weight poly(ethylene oxide) tail blocks. They were utilized to prepare hydrophilic-coated iron oxide nanoparticles with biocompatible materials for utility in magnetic field guidable drug delivery vehicles. The triblock copolymers synthesized contain 3, 5, or 10 carboxylic acids in the central segments with Mn values of 2000, 5000 or 15000 g/mol poly(ethylene oxide) tail blocks. A method was developed for preparing ~10 nm diameter magnetite surfaces stabilized with the triblock polymers. The carboxylic acid is proposed to covalently bind to the surface of the magnetite and form stable dispersions at neutral pH. The polymer-nanomagnetite conjugates described in this thesis have a maximum of 35 wt. % magnetite and the nano-magnetite particles have an excellent saturation magnetization of ~66 - 78 emu/g Fe3O4. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) confirms the magnetite crystal structure, which appears to be approximately single crystalline structures via electron diffraction spectroscopy analysis (EDS). These materials form stable magnetic dispersions in both water and organic solvents. / Ph. D.
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Evaluation of the In-Servic Performance of the Tom's Creek BridgeNeely, William Douglas 26 May 2000 (has links)
The Tom's Creek Bridge is a small-scale demonstration project involving the use of fiber-reinforced polymer (FRP) composite girders as the main load carrying members. The project is intended to serve two purposes. First, by calculating bridge design parameters such as the dynamic load allowance, transverse wheel load distribution and deflections under service loading, the Tom's Creek Bridge will aid in modifying current AASHTO bridge design standards for use with FRP composite materials. Second, by evaluating the FRP girders after being exposed to service conditions, the project will begin to answer questions about the long-term performance of these advanced composite material beams when used in bridge design.
This thesis details the In-Service analysis of the Tom's Creek Bridge. Five load tests, at six month intervals, were conducted on the bridge. Using mid-span strain and deflection data gathered from the FRP composite girders during these tests the above mentioned bridge design parameters have been determined. The Tom's Creek Bridge was determined to have a dynamic load allowance, IM, of 0.90, a transverse wheel load distribution factor, g, of 0.101 and a maximum deflection of L/488.
Two bridge girders were removed from the Tom's Creek Bridge after fifteen months of service loading. These FRP composite girders were tested at the Structures and Materials Research Laboratory at Virginia Tech for stiffness and ultimate strength and compared to pre-service values for the same beams. This analysis indicates that after fifteen months of service, the FRP composite girders have not lost a significant amount of either stiffness or ultimate strength. / Master of Science
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Determination of AASHTO Bridge Design Parameters through Field Evaluation of the Rt. 601 Bridge: A Bridge Utilizing Strongwell 36 in. Fiber-Reinforced Polymer Double Web Beams as the Main Load Carrying MembersRestrepo, Edgar Salom 18 December 2002 (has links)
The Route 601 Bridge in Sugar Grove, Virginia spans 39 ft over Dickey Creek. The Bridge is the first to use the Strongwell 36 in. fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) double web beam (DWB) in its superstructure. Replacement of the old bridge began in June 2001, and construction of the new bridge was completed in October 2001. The bridge was field tested in October 2001 and June 2002.
This thesis details the field evaluation of the Rt. 601 Bridge. Using mid span deflection and strain data from the October 2001 and June 2002 field tests, the primary goal of this research was to determine the following AASHTO bridge design parameters: wheel load distribution factor g, dynamic load allowance IM, and maximum deflection. The wheel load distribution factor was determined to be S/5, a dynamic load allowance was determined to be 0.30, and the maximum deflection of the bridge was L/1500. Deflection results were lower than the AASHTO L/800 limit. This discrepancy is attributed to partial composite action of the deck-to-girder connections, bearing restraint at the supports, and contribution of guardrail stiffness.
Secondary goals of this research were to quantify the effect of diaphragm removal on girder distribution factor, determine torsion and axial effects of the FRP girders, compare responses to multiple lane symmetrical loading to superimposed single lane response, and compare the field test results to a finite element and a finite difference model. It was found that diaphragm removal had a small effect on the wheel load distribution factor. Torsional and axial effects were small. The bridge response to multilane loading coincided with superimposed single lane truck passes, and curb-stiffening effects in a finite difference model improved the accuracy of modeling the Rt. 601 Bridge behavior. / Master of Science
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Determination of the Design Parameters for the Route 601 Bridge: A Bridge Containing the Strongwell 36 inch Hybrid Composite Double Web BeamWaldron, Christopher J. 09 August 2001 (has links)
The Route 601 Bridge spans 39 ft over Dickey Creek in Sugar Grove, VA and represents the first use of Strongwell's 36 in. double web beam (DWB) as the main load carrying members for a traffic bridge. The bridge was designed for AASHTO HS20-44 and AASHTO alternate military loading with a targeted deflection limit of L/800. For the preliminary design, conservative properties for the 36 in. DWB were assumed based on experience at Virginia Tech with Strongwell's 8 in. DWB used in the Tom's Creek Bridge. An elastic modulus (E) of 6,000 ksi and a shear stiffness (kGA) of 20,000 ksi-in2 were assumed and used with Timoshenko shear deformable beam theory to characterize the beams and determine the deflections.
This thesis details the experimental work conducted in conjunction with the design of the Route 601 Bridge, which had two goals. First, a deck-to-girder connection was tested to determine if a bolted connection could develop composite action between the girder and the deck. This connection was shown to provide a significant amount of composite action when used with the 8 in. DWB and a composite deck, but little or no composite action when used with the 36 in. DWB and a glue-laminated timber deck. Second, eleven 36 in. DWB's were tested to determine their stiffness properties (EI and kGA) to insure that these properties were above the values assumed in the preliminary design, and all the beams had stiffness properties that were close to or above the assumed values. The eleven beams were also proof tested to a moment equivalent to five times the service load moment to insure the safety of the Route 601 Bridge, and one beam was tested to failure to determine the failure mode and residual stiffness of the 36 in. DWB. Finally, based on these results eight beams were chosen for the Route 601 Bridge. / Master of Science
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Design Analysis And Optimization Of Roller Conveyor By Using Composite MaterialJohnson, Jeril, Thomas John, Riju January 2024 (has links)
Roller conveyors are critical components in various industries for material handling, enabling the efficient transportation of items in assembly lines, warehouses, and distribution centers. Traditionally constructed from materials such as steel, aluminum, or plastic, roller conveyors are now being innovatively designed using composite materials. This study investigates the design, analysis, and optimization of roller conveyors utilizing composite materials to achieve weight reduction while maintaining or enhancing structural integrity and operational efficiency. Composite materials offer enhanced properties compared to their individual components. Typical composites include fibers like carbon, glass, or aramid within a matrix of epoxy resin, providing superior strength, corrosion resistance, and customization capabilities. The research employs finite element analysis (FEA) and other advanced modeling techniques to evaluate the performance of composite roller conveyors under various loading conditions. The findings suggest that using composite materials can significantly reduce the weight of roller conveyors, leading to decreased energy consumption, lower operational costs, and improved handling efficiency. The optimized design enhances productivity and contributes to sustainability by minimizing environmental impact. This thesis advances the understanding of composite-based roller conveyors, demonstrating their potential to replace conventional materials and achieve higher efficiency in industrial applications.
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Contribution à l'étude du comportement thermomécanique à très haute température des matériaux composites pour la réparation et/ou le renforcement des structures de Génie Civil / Contribution to the study of thermo-mechanical behavior at very high temperature of composite materials for the reparation and/or the reinforcement of civil engineering structuresNguyen, Thanh Hai 24 November 2015 (has links)
Dans le domaine du renforcement et/ou de la réparation des structures en béton armé par des matériaux composites à l'aide de la méthode du collage extérieur au moyen d'un adhésif époxy, une des préoccupations de la communauté scientifique est l'intégrité structurelle de ce système dans le cas d'incendie dans lequel la haute température est une caractéristique essentielle et peut atteindre jusqu'à 1200°C. Ce travail de recherche est axé sur le comportement thermomécanique à très haute température des matériaux composites [un composite à base de polymère carbone/ époxy (Carbon Fiber Reinforced Polymer- CFRP), un composite textile/ mortier cimentaire (Textile Reinforced Concrete- TRC) et un adhésif à base d'époxy]. L'évolution des propriétés mécaniques et d'autres aspects mécaniques de ces matériaux composites avec la température a été caractérisée. Une nouvelle procédure expérimentale concernant la mesure de la déformation de l'éprouvette à l'aide du capteur laser est développée et validée. Une étude numérique et expérimentale a été réalisée dans le but de déterminer principalement la température à la rupture des joints « composite/ adhésif/ composite » sous les sollicitations mécaniques et thermiques. L'efficacité de la protection thermique de deux isolants [PROMASPRAY®T (produit commercial de la société PROMAT] et Isolant A (produit développé par le LGCIE site Tusset) a aussi été étudiée dans cette thèse. Enfin, une approche numérique, à l'aide du logiciel ANSYS, est utilisée afin de déterminer, de façon préliminaire et approximative, à l'échelle matériau, les propriétés thermiques des matériaux (composite textile/ mortier cimentaire -TRC et Isolant A) / In the area of the strengthening and/or the reparation of reinforced concrete structures with composites by means of the external bonding method using an epoxy adhesive, one of the preoccupation of the scientific community is the structural integrity of this system in the event of fire in which the high temperature is the essential feature et can reach up to 1200°C. This research focuses on the thermo-mechanical behavior of composite materials [carbon/epoxy adhesive composite (or carbon fiber reinforced polymer (CFRP), textile/cementitious mortar composite (or textile reinforced concrete (TRC)] and an epoxy-based adhesive. The evolution of mechanical properties and other mechanical aspects of these materials with the temperature has been characterized. A new experimental procedure concerning the measurement of sample strain by the laser sensor is developed and validated. An experimental and numerical study has been realized in order to mainly determine the temperature at the failure of "composite/adhesive/composite" joints under thermal and mechanical loadings. The effectiveness of the thermal protection of two insulators [PROMASPRAY®T (a commercial product of the PROMAT company and the insulator A (product developed by the LGCIE site Tuset)] has also been investigated in this PhD thesis. Finally, a numerical approach, using ANSYS software, is used to determine, in the preliminary and approximate way, at material scale, thermal properties of the materials [the textile reinforced concrete (TRC) and the insulator A]
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