Diss. (sammanfattning). Uppsala : Sveriges lantbruksuniversitet, 2004. / Härtill 4 uppsatser.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 1996. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves : 138-152). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 285-296).

La formation du caillot de fibrine, processus clé de la coagulation sanguine, implique la polymérisation des monomères de fibrine en un réseau de fibres. Ce réseau contrôle les propriétés mécaniques du caillot et constitue le squelette sur lequel se base la cicatrisation. Si l’influence des conditions de réaction (pH, concentration, …) est bien connue, le rôle de la composition du fibrinogène sur la structure de la fibrine est inexploré. Cet aspect pourrait être important pour les pathologies cardiovasculaires qui présentent toutes une structure de fibrine anormale.Nous avons étudié la relation entre la composition de plusieurs fibrinogènes et les propriétés structurelles nano- et micro-métriques ainsi que la mécanique des caillots de fibrine. La composition en protéines co-purifiées de ces fibrinogènes a peu d’influence, alors que le profil de polydispersité contrôle la structure multi-échelle de la fibrine. Des mesures de diffusion des rayons x, de spectrophotométrie multi-longueur d’ondes et de microscopie confocale ont mis en évidence que les fibres provenant des fibrinogènes monodisperses sont quasi-cristallines, droites et rigides. Les fibres provenant de fibrinogènes polydisperses sont, elles, beaucoup moins organisées, courbées, avec un module de rigidité faible. Enfin, les propriétés mécaniques de la fibrine ont montré que la réponse des caillots aux déformations, aussi que les scenarios de rupture, sont directement liés à sa structure et donc significativement dépendants du profil de polydispersité des fibrinogènes. Ces résultats ouvrent de nouvelles perspectives dans plusieurs domaines, que ce soit pour l’utilisation optimale des fibrinogènes pour les dysfibrinogénémies et hémorragies, mais également pour la reconstruction tissulaire, ainsi que la compréhension du lien entre la structure anormale des caillots et les maladies cardiovasculaires. / Fibrin clot formation is one of the major processes leading to blood clotting. It involves the polymerization of fibrin monomers into a network of fibrin fibres. This network controls the mechanical properties of the clot and serves as a skeleton for wound healing. Environmental factors (pH, concentration, …) have been proved to influence polymerization, however the role of fibrinogen composition on the structure of fibrin remains unexplored. This aspect might be important for the case of cardiovascular pathologies, which present abnormal fibrin structures.We have determined the relation between different sources of fibrinogen with the nano- and micro-metric structural and mechanical properties of fibrin clots. The composition in co-purified proteins of the fibrinogens has no significant importance, however the polydispersity profile controls the multiscale properties of fibrin. Indeed, x-ray scattering, multi-wavelength spectrophotometry and confocal microscopy measurements have proved that fibres from monodisperse fibrinogens are quasi-crystalline, straight and rigid. Fibres from polydisperse fibrinogens are less organised, curbed and less rigid. Finally, the mechanical properties of fibrin showed that the response of clots to deformation, as well as the scenarios of rupture are closely related to the structure, and consequently related to the profiles of polydispersity. This opens outstanding perspectives in many fields such the optimisation of fibrinogen’s use on dysfibrinogenemias or haemorrhages, tissue regeneration or the understanding between the abnormal structure of clots and cardiovascular diseases.

abstract: Cell adhesion is an important aspect of many biological processes. The atomic force microscope (AFM) has made it possible to quantify the forces involved in cellular adhesion using a technique called single cell force spectroscopy (SCFS). AFM based SCFS offers versatile control over experimental conditions for probing directly the interaction between specific cell types and specific proteins, surfaces, or other cells. Transmembrane integrins are the primary proteins involved in cellular adhesion to the extra cellular matix (ECM). One of the chief integrins involved in the adhesion of leukocyte cells is αMβ2 (Mac-1). The experiments in this dissertation quantify the adhesion of Mac-1 expressing human embryonic kidney (HEK Mac-1), platelets, and neutrophils cells on substrates with different concentrations of fibrinogen and on fibrin gels and multi-layered fibrinogen coated fibrin gels. It was shown that multi-layered fibrinogen reduces the adhesion force of these cells considerably. A novel method was developed as part of this research combining total internal reflection microscopy (TIRFM) with SCFS allowing for optical microscopy of HEK Mac-1 cells interacting with bovine serum albumin (BSA) coated glass after interacting with multi-layered fibrinogen. HEK Mac-1 cells are able to remove fibrinogen molecules from the multi-layered fibrinogen matrix. An analysis methodology for quantifying the kinetic parameters of integrin-ligand interactions from SCFS experiments is proposed, and the kinetic parameters of the Mac-1 fibrinogen bond are quantified. Additional SCFS experiments quantify the adhesion of macrophages and HEK Mac-1 cells on functionalized glass surfaces and normal glass surfaces. Both cell types show highest adhesion on a novel functionalized glass surface that was prepared to induce macrophage fusion. These experiments demonstrate the versatility of AFM based SCFS, and how it can be applied to address many questions in cellular biology offering quantitative insights. / Dissertation/Thesis / Doctoral Dissertation Physics 2016

Orientadores: Renato Giuseppe Giovanni Terzi, Ilma Aparecida Paschoal / Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-12T22:30:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Moreira_MarcosMello_D.pdf: 18313915 bytes, checksum: db1efb99a56b2256d14393f2e951147a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009 / Resumo: Métodos para confirmar o diagnóstico de tromboembolismo pulmonar (TEP) são relativamente invasivos, de alto custo e nem sempre disponíveis. Justifica-se a busca de métodos mais acessíveis, de baixo custo, minimamente invasivos e que possam ser realizados à beira do leito. Foi objetivo deste estudo estabelecer um protocolo de triagem diagnóstica de TEP, minimamente invasivo e de baixo custo, usando para isto a capnografia volumétrica (CV) e o Oímero-O (DO) (ELISA Rápido), para pacientes internados em diferentes unidades de um hospital terciário, atentanto para as possíveis limitações deste protocolo. Foi realizado um estudo prospectivo e observacional com 92 pacientes. Um estudo prévio de CV em 114 voluntários estabeleceu o padrão de normalidade para as variáveis analisadas. No grupo TEP, a CV foi associada à gasometria arterial para cálculo das variáveis do espaço morto e à dosagem do DO. O padrão-ouro para diagnóstico de TEP foi dado pela cintilografia de inalação/perfusão e/ou, tomografia computadorizada helicoidal e/ou, arteriografia pulmonar. Isoladamente, a variável capnográfica que apresentou melhor sensibilidade e especificidade foi a fração tardia do espaço morto alveolar (tO/ate) (91% e 98%, respectivamente). Obteve-se um resultado falso-negativo para o DO e, para a tO/ate, um falso-positivo e três falso-negativos. Quando a tO/ate ,foi associada ao DO, conseguiu-se 100% sensibilidade e 17% de especificidade. Uma outra variável capnográfica importante, por sugerir função pulmonar prévia anormal, e por esta razão, sinalizar uma possível limitação da tO/ate, foi o slope da fase III do capnograma. Por meio dos dados da CV de ambos os grupos (controle e doentes), estabeleceu-se um protocolo que ajuda a direcionar a equipe multiprofissionál quando da suspeita clínica de TEP. / Abstract :Background: Tests used to confirm a diagnosis of pulmonary embolism (PE) are relatively invasive, costly and not always available. Minimally invasive methods that are more accessible, less expensive and easily applied should be sought. Objective: To establish a low-cost, minimally invasive, PE diagnostic protocol in hospitalized patients, using capnographic variables and ELlSA D-dimer (DD) to rule out PE. Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in 92 patients with suspected PE. The values of reference group for volumetric capnography (VCap) were used in order to compare with patterns of patients with PE. The patients were submitted to arterial blood gas analysis (to calculate the dead space variables) and had the DD values determined. The diagnosis was confirmed through ventilation/perfusion scintigraphy, spiral computed tomography, pulmonary arteriogram, or combinations of the three. Results: The capnographic variable that presented the greatest sensitivity and specificity (91 % and 98%, respectively) was the late dead space fraction (fDlate). Our findings include one false-negative DD result, as well as three false-positive and eight false-negative fDlate results. The combination of the fDlate and DD testing presented 100% sensitivity and 17% specificity. Another important capnographic variable, the phase 111 slope, indicated a possible limitation of VCap, since it interferes with the calculation of fDlate. Conclusion: The protocol established could guide multiprofessional teams in the management of clinical suspicion of PE. We were able to determine that the phase 111 slope might interfere with the calculation of fDlate, especially in patients with a history of abnormal lung function. Throught VCap variables (control group and sickness); was possible establishes a protocol that guide the multiprofissional team in cases of PE. / Doutorado / Pesquisa Experimental / Doutor em Cirurgia

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-19T12:58:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Letícia Rodrigues Carneiro - 2013.pdf: 1923429 bytes, checksum: f5e2e5e1811c92e7dd1e953454554af4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2014-11-20T14:23:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Letícia Rodrigues Carneiro - 2013.pdf: 1923429 bytes, checksum: f5e2e5e1811c92e7dd1e953454554af4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-20T14:23:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Letícia Rodrigues Carneiro - 2013.pdf: 1923429 bytes, checksum: f5e2e5e1811c92e7dd1e953454554af4 (MD5) license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-12-06 / Acute phase proteins contribute to homeostasis, limit bacterial growth and, more recently, have been used as biochemical markers of nutritional status. This study aimed to determine the concentrations of acute phase proteins in dogs with different body condition scores (BCS). We used a 1-9 scale to determine the body condition score, established by inspection and palpation. We evaluated 60 dogs of different breeds and ages, being 20 lean animals (10 males and 10 females – BCS 3), 20 with ideal body score (10 males and 10 females – BCS 4 to 6), and 20 obese animals (10 males and 10 females - BCS 7 to 9). The animals fasted for 12 hours before blood sample collection for laboratory evaluation. We measured CBC, fibrinogen quantification, glucose, total protein, albumin, globulin, urea, cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, iron binding capacity (IBC), transferrin saturation index (STI), transferrin, ferritin determination, and serum protein electrophoretic fractionation on agarose gel. Leukocytes, fibrinogen, glucose, total protein, globulin, cholesterol, triglycerides, iron, IST, transferrin, alpha-1, alpha-2, beta-2 and gamma globulin showed significant difference among groups (p < 0.05). Regarding acute phase proteins, we concluded that obesity in dogs determines an increase in fibrinogen and alpha-2, beta-2 and gamma globulin fractions, indicating chronic inflammation. Higher values of leukocytes, total protein, globulin, iron, IST, glucose, cholesterol and triglycerides are expected in hematological and metabolic profile in obese dogs. / As proteínas de fase aguda contribuem para homeostasia, limitam o crescimento bacteriano e, mais recentemente, passaram a ser utilizadas como marcadores bioquímicos do estado nutricional. Com este estudo objetivou-se determinar as concentrações das proteínas de fase aguda em cães com diferentes escores de condição corporal (ECC). Na determinação do escore de condição corporal foi utilizada escala de 1 a 9, estabelecida por palpação e inspeção. Foram avaliados 60 cães de diferentes raças e idades, sendo 20 com ECC abaixo do ideal, 20 com ECC ideal e 20 animais com ECC acima do Ideal, em cada grupo, sendo 10 machos e 10 fêmeas. Para as colheitas das amostras sanguíneas para avaliação laboratorial os animais estavam em jejum de 12 horas. Foi realizado hemograma, quantificação do fibrinogênio, determinação da glicose, proteína total, albumina, globulina, ureia, colesterol, triglicerídeos, ferro, capacidade de ligação do ferro (IBC), índice de saturação da transferrina (IST), transferrina, ferritina e fracionamento eletroforético das proteínas séricas em gel de agarose. Apresentaram diferença significativa entre grupos (p<0,05) os leucócitos, proteína total, globulina, glicose, colesterol, triglicerídeos, ferro, IST, fibrinogênio, transferrina, alfa-1, alfa-2, beta-2 e gama globulina. Em relação às proteínas de fase aguda pode-se concluir que a obesidade em cães determina elevação do fibrinogênio e das frações globulínicas alfa-2, beta-2 e gama, indicando presença de processo inflamatório crônico. No perfil hematológico e metabólico de cães obesos são esperados valores mais elevados de leucócitos, proteína total, globulina, ferro, IST, glicose, colesterol e triglicerídeos.

O fibrinogênio é uma glicoproteína presente no plasma composta por duas subunidades idênticas formadas por três pares de cadeias polipeptídicas (A&#945; B&#946; e &#978;), interligadas por pontes dissulfeto. A trombina cliva o fibrinogênio, liberando os fibrinopeptídeos A e B, formando fibrina e, conseqüentemente, o coágulo. Esse trabalho descreve a purificação e caracterização do fibrinogênio a partir do plasma da serpente Bothrops jararaca (B. jararaca). O fibrinogênio purificado foi obtido através de adsorção com cloreto de bário, precipitações com sulfato de amônio e cromatografia de gel filtração. O fibrinogênio de B. jararaca apresentou massa molecular de 370 kDa em condições não reduzidas e, em condições reduzidas, apresentou massas moleculares de 71, 60 e 55 kDa, similares às cadeias A&#945; B&#946; e &#978; dos fibrinogênio humano e bovino (64, 56 e 47 kDa, respectivamente). Através do seqüenciamento da região amino-terminal das cadeias polipeptídicas por degradação de Edman, foram obtidos os oito primeiros aminoácidos de cada cadeia do fibrinogênio de B. jararaca. As seqüências foram: Gly-Asp-Pro-Glu-Asp-Tyr-Leu-Gly para a cadeia A&#945;, Gly-Ser-Asp-His-Asp-Asp-Glu para a cadeia B&#946; e Glu-Ser-X-Leu-Asp-Glu-Glu-Gly para a cadeia &#978; . As seqüências foram então comparadas com a de outros animais já descritos (NCBI-National Center for Biotechnology Information, www.ncbi.nih.gov), mas devido ao pequeno número de aminoácidos obtidos não foi possível observar similaridades. Através de espectrometria de massa (MALDI-TOF) foram observadas algumas seqüências peptídicas, mas não foi possível obter a seqüência completa do fibrinogênio de B. jararaca. Essas seqüências não apresentaram homologia significante com outras seqüências já descritas. O fibrinogênio de B. jararaca foi coagulado pela trombina bovina enquanto que os venenos das serpentes B. jararaca, Crotalus durissus terrificus e Lachesis muta rhombeata não foram capazes de induzir a formação de coágulo. Além disso, os anticorpos anti-fibrinogênio de B. jararaca produzidos em coelho não reconheceram o fibrinogênio humano. Contudo, os anticorpos anti-fibrinogênio humano reconheceram o fibrinogênio de B. jararaca. Assim, mesmo apresentando similaridades entre os fibrinogênios de B. jararaca e de mamíferos, eles possuem comportamentos distintos, podendo sugerir que a B. jararaca apresenta uma molécula de fibrinogênio diferente do humano para evitar um possível auto-envenenamento. / Fibrinogen is a plasma glycoprotein that is composed of two sets of three nonidentical polypeptide chains (A&#945; B&#946; and &#978; ) which are covalently linked by disulfide bonds. Thrombin cleaves fibrinogen to form fibrin and, consequently, the fibrin clot. This work describes the purification and characterization of fibrinogen from Bothrops jararaca (B. jararaca) snake plasma. Purified fibrinogen was obtained by barium chloride adsorption, ammonium sulfate precipitation and gel filtration chromatography. B. jararaca fibrinogen showed a molecular mass of 370 kDa in non-reducing conditions, similar to human and bovine fibrinogen with 340 kDa. Reduced fibrinogen showed three chains of 71, 60 and 55 kDa, which are similar to the molecular masses of human and bovine A&#945; B&#946; and &#978; fibrinogen chains (64, 56 and 47 kDa, respectively). B. jararaca fibrinogen was clotted by bovine thrombin, however, B. jararaca, Crotalus durissus terrificus and Lachesis muta rhombeata venoms were not able to induce fibrin formation. The N-terminal sequence of B. jararaca fibrinogen chains from PVDF membranes showed only the first eight amino acids residues from each chain. The Nterminal sequence was Gly-Asp-Pro-Glu-Asp-Tyr-Leu-Gly for A&#945; chain, Gly-Ser-Asp- His-Asp-Asp-Glu for B&#946; chain, and Glu-Ser-X-Leu-Asp-Glu-Glu-Gly for &#978; chain. The B. jararaca fibrinogen chains N-terminal sequences were compared to other animal Nterminal sequences previously described. However, due to low signal detection during Edman degradation, the sequence results were not sufficient to provide an accurate Blast search identity (NCBI-National Center for Biotechnology Information, www.ncbi.nih.gov). Mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF) analysis provides some peptide sequences that did not present the complete sequences. Besides, anti-B. jararaca fibrinogen produced in rabbit did not recognize human fibrinogen while anti-human fibrinogen recognized B. jararaca fibrinogen. Thus, despite B. jararaca fibrinogen presents a molecular mass similar to human fibrinogen, the former shows distinctive features, which protect B. jararaca snakes from a fortuitous ingress of snake venom proteins into snake circulation, which could cause a self-envenomation

Estudamos a ação das proteases bothropasina e Bothrops protease A, do veneno da serpente Bothrops jararaca, sobre o fibrinogênio (FBG), fibronectina (FN) e cininogênio (HK), como ferramenta para geração de peptídeos bioativos. As sequências primárias dos produtos de digestão foram identificadas por espectrometria de massas, com as buscas direcionadas por peptídeos em comum gerados pelas duas proteases. Foram encontradas oito sequências em comum provenientes do FBG e onze, da FN. Apenas a bothropasina clivou o HK, liberando desArg9BK. Foram sintetizados peptídeos derivados do FBG (FBG1-6) e da FN (FN1-4), além de des-Arg9-BK. Oito peptídeos apresentam potencial atividade antiangiogênica predita in silico. Observamos a inibição da elastase (28-20%) causada por FBG1-2-5-6. A melhor inibição da trombina foi de 17%, por FBG1. Contudo, a maioria dos peptídeos intensificou sua atividade. Por fim, este trabalho sugere que as proteases de veneno de serpentes podem ser usadas como ferramentas para processar componentes do plasma, visando à busca por peptídeos bioativos. / We studied the action of the proteases bothropasin and Bothrops protease A purified from the venom of snake Bothrops jararaca upon fibrinogen (FBG), fibronectin (FN) and kininogen (HK), as a tool to generate bioactive peptides. The primary sequences of the digestion products were identified by mass spectrometry and we focused the search for common peptides released by both proteases simultaneously. Sequences in common released by both proteases were found, being eight peptides from FBG, and 11 from FN. Only bothropasin was able to cleave HK releasing des-Arg9-BK. Peptides from fibrinogen (FBG1-6) and from fibronectin (FN1-4), as well as the des-Arg9-BK were synthetized. Eight peptides have potential antiangiogenic predicted in silico. We observed the inhibition of elastase (28-20%) caused by FBG1-2-5-6. The best inhibition of thrombin was 17% by FBG1. However, most of the peptides intensified its activity. Finally, this work suggests that the snake venom protease can be used as tools to process plasma components in order to search for bioactive peptides.

It was looked to stand out the importance of discover laboratorial parameters that are auxiliary to the diagnostic of acute infarction of myocardial (AMI). The AMI is one of the biggest problems of public health in the world. Due to this fact, it is of major importance to find laboratorial parameters with quality and reasonable costs. In the present study fibrinogen concentrations measured during acute phase of AMI were related to cardiovascular death or a new AMI event. This incidence was higher in the etary range of 44 to 75 years in men; and 56 to 90 in women. Approximately 73% of patients presented familiar history of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD), 66% smoked, 63% presented hypertension and 81% sedentary. It was also observed elevated cases of AMI in extreme temperature days. For the fibrinogen concentrations (FBR), results demonstrated significant difference (p<0.05) between the control and infarction group patients. For protrombin time, troponine (TROP), creatinokinase, CK-MB and leukocytes count, results showed statically difference between groups. However, TTPa, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL, triglycerides levels presented no significant difference between studied groups. In conclusion, this work demonstrated a increasing fibrinogen concentration in patients with AMI, revealing that it may be adequate as a cardiac marker for AMI. / Procurou-se ressaltar a importância de determinados parâmetros laboratoriais que auxiliem o diagnóstico do infarto agudo do miocárdio (IAM). O IAM é um dos maiores problemas de saúde pública no mundo. Devido a isso, torna-se importante encontrar parâmetros laboratoriais de qualidade e baixo custo, para a caracterização do IAM. Concentrações altas de fibrinogênio determinados durante a fase aguda do IAM, foram associadas com morte cardiovascular ou um novo evento de IAM. A incidência de IAM é maior em homens na faixa etária de 44 a 75 anos; e nas mulheres entre 56 a 90 anos. Dos pacientes avaliados neste estudo, 73% apresentavam história familiar de doença arterial coronariana (DAC); 66% fumavam, 63% apresentavam hipertensão e 81% era sedentária. Foi observado que nos dias frios ou com temperaturas extremas aumentou o número de IAM. Para as concentrações de fibrinogênio (fbr), tempo de protrombina (TP), tempo de tromboplastina ativada (TTPa), troponina (TROP), creatinoquinase (CK), creatinoquinase fração MB, CK-MB, contagem de leucócitos, a média dos resultados obtidos apresentou diferença significativa entre os grupos controle e infartados. No entanto para o TTPa, colesterol total, HDL, LDL, triglicerídeos as médias observadas não apresentaram diferença significativa. Neste trabalho foi possível observar o aumento da concentração de fibrinogênio e no tempo de protrombina dos pacientes com IAM.