Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T20:48:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao JACQUELINE DE OLIVEIRA LAMEZA.pdf: 428988 bytes, checksum: b327e263d4c76d180a75eeb141dd06ac (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006-08-22 / This dissertation presents as subject of study the Private Higher Education in Brazil in the period of 1995 to 2004, prioritizing the under-graduation education. The objectives are: To delineate the importance of the role of the State in the Education, to analyze the growth of Private Superior Education in Brazil and analyze the public financing in this education sector. In this sense, it develops a discussion about the role of the State in the Education, the NeoLiberal State, the principles of the present public policies and the participation of the public and private in the higher education system. The Brazilian private higher education is analyzed considering the institutions expansion, the enrollments, the number of vacancies offered, fulfilled and not fulfilled and also the number of teachers according to their degrees. The State participation in the private sector of the higher education system is examined under the point of view of the Educational Credit (CREDUC) and the Student Financing (FIES). The methodological route includes bibliographical research about the role of the State in the Education, the economy and the education, the private higher education in Brazil, and the present Brazilian educational policies; statistical data collection and analysis about the private and public education in the INEP/MEC, IPEA and IBGE Statistical Database. It includes also an analysis regarding the expenditures with higher education in relation to the GIP. The research s results indicate a significant growth in the private higher education system, being the public educational policies important inducer of this process and also the financial aid to the student, which amplifies the access and permanence opportunities in this educational system. In the guise of final considerations we point the recommendations aimed to contribute in a constructive way to the private higher education debate in Brazil / Esta dissertação apresenta como objeto de estudo o Ensino Superior Privado no Brasil no período de 1995 a 2004, priorizando o ensino da graduação. Têm-se como objetivos:delinear a importância do papel do Estado na Educação, analisar a expansão do Ensino Superior Privado no Brasil e o financiamento público nesse setor do ensino. Nesse sentido, desenvolve-se uma discussão sobre o papel do Estado na Educação, o Estado Neoliberal, os princípios das atuais políticas públicas e a participação do público e do privado no sistema da educação superior. O ensino superior privado no País é analisado a partir da expansão das instituições, das matrículas, das vagas oferecidas, preenchidas e não preenchidas e número de docentes segundo titulação. A participação do Estado no setor privado do sistema de ensino superior é examinada da perspectiva do Crédito Educativo (CREDUC) e do Financiamento ao Estudante (FIES). O percurso metodológico inclui pesquisa bibliográfica sobre o papel do Estado na Educação, a economia e a educação, o ensino superior privado no Brasil, as atuais políticas educacionais brasileiras, levantamento e análise de dados estatísticos sobre o ensino superior privado e público junto ao Banco de Dados Estatísticos do INEP/MEC, IPEA e IBGE. Acrescenta-se ainda uma análise acerca dos gastos com a educação superior em relação ao PIB. Os resultados da pesquisa indicam um crescimento significativo do ensino superior privado, sendo as políticas públicas educacionais indutoras importantes desse processo e o financiamento ao estudante, que amplia as oportunidades de acesso e permanência nesse sistema de ensino. À guisa de considerações finais apontam-se recomendações que visam contribuir de maneira construtiva para o debate do ensino superior privado no Brasil

This paper determines relationships between three elements of the American policy process: legislature, agency, and administrative clientele. It concerns interrelationships between these elements and their affect to agency functions. A model is constructed; revealing the policy process, illustrating behavior patterns responsible for normal functioning and failure of policies and programs. The model develops through study of a single policy area. Supplemental data are provided from a survey. The paper concludes that the process is based on legislation-- causing activity in an agency or substantial change in programs; agency actions, seated in its own organizational objectives, and resultant to internal conflicts; and by clientele behavior, determined by agency actions or inactions. This model may help predicting policy outcomes, but only after similar but more comprehensive studies.

接受高等教育被視為實現人生夢想的重要里程，政府如何能保障具有就讀高等教育能力者，不因其經濟問題而喪失就讀機會，助學機制實為重要措施之一。而教育政策執行成效的良窳實需透過評鑑實施據以分析。有鑑於現行評鑑模式多僅強調成果，對於其理論、過程及目標等無法分析，致評鑑成效受限。是以，本研究旨在透過「理論導向評鑑模式」，檢視我國高等教育助學機制所規劃的理論、目標達成及因果關係等模式是否獲得認同。透過問卷調查及訪談法，針對大學校院1,120人進行抽樣，並採取立意取樣方式邀請學者專家、行政人員與學生代表等7位人士進行訪談。本研究獲致結論如下：（1）高等教育助學機制透過教育機會均等與教育成本分擔理論所規劃出來的目標達成模式獲得認同；（2）高等教育助學機制透過教育機會均等與教育成本分擔理論所形成出來的因果關係模式獲得認同；（3）高等教育助學機制提出的教育機會均等與教育成本分擔理論模式獲得模式驗證；（4）高等教育助學機制的執行情形存在理想高於落實的差異。最後，本研究建議高等教育助學機制推動應強化執行層面的落實，並可致力於理論導向評鑑模式架構之確立，以作為後續政策評鑑工具之用。 / Receiving higher education is considered an important milestone in the course of realizing one’s dream in life. However, how can the government protect those students who are capable of pursuing higher education from losing the opportunity due to their financial problems? The financial aid mechanism is one of its important measures. And the effectiveness of implementation of an educational policy indeed needs to be analyzed by means of evaluation. However, many of the current evaluation models focus only on the results of the implementation of a policy but fail to analyze its theories, process, and goals; consequently, the effectiveness of the evaluation is limited. Therefore, through a “theory-driven evaluation model,” this study aims to review whether the theories of the higher education financial aid mechanism in Taiwan, its goal-achieving pattern and its causal connection pattern are recognized by the subjects. Totally 1,120 college students were sampled and surveyed with a questionnaire and, by means of purposive sampling, seven people, including scholars and experts, administrative staff members and student representatives, were interviewed. The findings of this study are as follows: 1. The goal-achieving pattern formulated by our higher education financial aid mechanism, based on the theories of equality of educational opportunity and sharing of educational cost, were recognized; 2. The causal connection pattern formed by our higher education financial aid mechanism, based on the theories of equality of educational opportunity and sharing of educational cost, were recognized; 3. The theoretical models of equality of educational opportunity and sharing of educational cost proposed by the financial aid mechanism of our higher education were validated. 4. There is a discrepancy between the ideal and its practice in implementing the higher education financial aid mechanism. Finally, this study proposes that more emphasis should be put on the practical implementation of the higher education financial aid mechanism and that an effort should be made to establish a complete theory-driven evaluation model, which may serve as a policy evaluation tool for future use.

The purpose of this study has been to analyze whether the asymmetric power may increase or decrease between citizens and authorities, based on authorities choice of language and appeal. A qualitative approach has been used as a method, with a qualitative content analysis as a base and qualitative interviews as a complement. In order to collect the empirical material, a qualitative content analysis has been made on 20 different municipalities' websites, where the introduction of financial aid has been analyzed. The theoretical point of departure has been powerposition and Ervin Goffman’s view on stigma, shame and guilt. Research shows that authorities have the opportunity to take power and control of citizens already in the offer of support. The authority has the power to design the text and therefore also the power to decide and determine its limits. Based on the language selection found on the websites, recipients  are  included or excluded by the texts chosen language and appeal. The result shows that the chosen language and appeal on websites may risk to increase the asymmetric power relationship between authorities and citizens.

The Swedish welfare society can be advocated as a social safety net with the intention of giving citizens fair living conditions. However, the welfare system has recently undergone fundamental changes regarding its organization and steering within the social image work, where its impact is considered to have received far too little attention.  The overall purpose of the study is to study social workers 'experiences of steering within the social services' exercise of authority. The empirical data has been considered in qualitative interviews and has brought significant knowledge and information about the subject area. The results have shown an overall control within the social authority work, which normalizes and constitutes an impact on how the practical work is conducted and how the feeling of the social work is treated. However, the results of the study have shown various causal explanations that are rooted in trust from the management team, work motives and also the social worker's individual professional experience and competence. Based on the study's analysis, four central themes have been identified and presented as both causal explanations and prerequisites for practical social authority work. These are explained as; steering and the social secretary's work situation, trust-based governance, social work - a knowledge-based practice and steering as instruments. / Det svenska välfärdssamhället kan hävdas inbegripa som ett socialt skyddsnät med intention av att medborgarna får skäliga levnadsförhållanden. Välfärdsystemet har dock på senare tid genomgått grundläggande förändringar avseende dess organisering och styrning inom det sociala myndighetsarbetet, där dess påverkan allt för lite anses uppmärksammats. Studiens övergripande syfte är att studera socialarbetares upplevelser av styrning inom socialtjänstens myndighetsutövning. Empirin utgörs av kvalitativa intervjuer och har bringat betydande kunskaper och belysning av ämnesområdet. Resultatet har påvisat en överlagd styrning inom det sociala myndighetsarbetet, som normaliserats och utgör påverkan på hur det praktiska arbetet bedrivs och hur känslan av det sociala arbetet behandlas. Vidare har studiens resultat påvisat diverse orsaksförklaringar som bottnar i konstadsfrågor, tillit från ledningsgruppen, arbetsmotiv men också socialsekreterares individuella yrkeserfarenhet- och kompetens. Utifrån studiens analys har fyra centrala teman identifierats och framställts som både orsaksförklaring och förutsättning för ett praktiskt socialt myndighetsarbete. Dessa förklaras som; styrning och socialsekreterares arbetssituation, brist på tillit, socialt arbete – en kunskapsbaserad praktik och styrning som instrument.

The essay wants to capture and illustrate the complex role/roles that social workers possess in their work. The purpose of the essay is to find different parts of their work where their different roles are put to the test and challenged. The purpose is to understand how the dualistic role of social workers is created and arises in relation to external and internal expectations. In which situations and contexts do they take on their different roles, i.e. to be someone's "savior" or the person in power and how this in turn affects their work. To understand this, theories of power relations, grassroots bureaucracy and role theories will be applied. The essay is based on a qualitative interview method with four social workers on financial aid in a mediumsized city. The results of the thesis indicate that there are several influencing factors at different levels, which can form the basis for the role conflict. Expectations of the social workers and their assignment, in the form of expected and unexpected assignments in relation to society, the organization and the clients. Where the problem arises from different views on the role of assignments, where they do not correspond to the social workers perception, which in turn creates an internal conflict with the social worker. It can be concluded that the role conflict is created by different expectations of the social workers assignments, from society, the organization, the client and above all themselves. Based on the essay, it can be seen that the different roles that the social secretary holds are only created in relation to someone else.

The main aim of this thesis is the analysis of European Neighbourhood Policy, which was established in 2004 in connection with the eastern enlargement of European Union. The main goal of European Neighbourhood Policy is to create an area of stability, prosperity and welfare with its neighbourhood countries. Partnership is based on the commitments to create an area of rule of law, good governance, respect for human rights, promotion of principles of market economy and promotion of sustainable development. Political cooperation is complemented by EU financial aid to neighbourhood countries. Thanks to financial support the neighbourhood countries should implement the necessary reforms, which later help to establish shared values. This thesis seeks to examine what is the impact of EU to internal political situation of neighbourhood countries. The hypothesis assumes that the higher EU financial aid to neighbourhood countries increases its influence on the internal political situation at neighbourhood countries.

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Using Bean and Metzner's conceptual framework related to non-traditional student attrition, the responsible use of Federal Pell Grants was studied by examining the retention and academic performance of college-credit seeking students in a public college in Florida that predominantly offered two year degree programs. Also analyzed were differences between Pell Grant recipients and non-recipients among various demographic categories. Chi-square tests of independence indicated that statistical significance existed between Pell Grant recipients and non-recipients in retention rates from fall to spring terms, as well as in the demographic variables of academic performance, gender, ethnicity, age group, residency, and credit hours achieved. Only the variable of ethnicity showed a medium practical effect size, with all the other variables indicating a small to no practical effect size.

Access to education is a central part of federal higher education policy, and federal grant and loan programs are in place to make college degrees more attainable for students. However, there is still controversy about whether there are unintended consequences of implementing and maintaining these programs, and whether they are effectively achieving the goal of increased accessibility. In order to answer questions about whether three specific types of federal aid cause higher tuition rates and whether these programs increase graduation rates, four ordinary least squares regression models were estimated. They include changes in both in-state and out-of-state tuition sticker prices, graduation rates, as well as changes in three types of federal aid, and other variables indicative of the value of a degree for four-year public universities in Arizona, California, Georgia, and Florida for years 2001-2011. The regressions indicate a positive effect of Pell Grants on in-state and out-of-state tuition and fees, a positive effect of disbursed subsidized federal loans on the change in number of degrees awarded, and a positive effect of Pell Grants on graduation rates.