In theoretical part, information from various Czech and foreign authors about financial statements made in terms Czech and international legislation are stated. Then, true and fair view of the accounting is described according to Czech Accounting Standards and International Financial Reporting Standards and basic information about selected areas of financial statements are presented. In the end of theoretical part, possibilities of manipulation of financial statements are mentioned. Practical part of this master thesis starts with introduction of the entity and its financial statements. This part of the thesis also contains analysis of financial statements. Amount and cause of differences between Czech and international legislation in selected areas of financial statements are examined in terms of this analysis. Then, outcome of these differences on profit after tax and company´s equity is presented.

Goal of this disertation was to analyze possibilities how to influence accounting data and information in light of management. The theoretical part starts with the accounting description. Next is the creative accounting and its effect on business analyzed. In the last part are financial statements and their cohesion analyzed. In the empirical part you learn about Louis a. s. company and its situation between the years 2008 and 2015. I analyzed possible effect on the results, when the creative accounting is used. The creative accounting was applied in the company during the year 2013. The goal was to maximalize the profit (This year ended the company with a big loss of 32.534.000 CZK.). For financial statement conversion I used an interest on the loan capitalization, an issue a fictional invoice, a bill of services for next period and a distorted cost of fuel comparison .

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar os impactos da adoção das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade pela Grendene S.A., Companhia do ramo de calçados, situada em Farroupilha, no Rio Grande do Sul. Visto a globalização dos mercados mundiais e uniformização das informações contábeis, tornou-se uma necessidade a transparência das Companhias nos mercados de capitais. As Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade visam a permitir a comparação de balanços entre empresas do mesmo segmento localizadas em países diferentes, bem como facilitar a análise das informações por investidores estrangeiros. / This final paper has the objective of demonstrating the impact of adoption of The International Financial Reporting Standards by Grendene S.A., a shoe manufacturing Company, located in Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Considering the side effects of world markets globalization, the equalization of the financial information is now crucial, in order to promote transparency of information in capital markets. The International Accounting Standards intends to allow comparison of balance between companies in same industry in different countries, as well as facilitate analysis of information by foreign investors.

A onda de transformações positivas da economia brasileira foi fundamental para melhorar a conscientização da sociedade que está cada vez mais obrigando as indústrias a adotarem uma atitude responsável perante o meio ambiente. Partindo-se desta premissa, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e descrever a contribuição da contabilidade ambiental, e seu ativo impulsionador que ganhou o tópico ambiental e tornou-se um desafio para o mundo. No entanto, para conseguir isso na prática tem sido uma prova muito desafiadora. No Brasil, assim como outros países do mundo, despertou-se para esta temática no final da década de 1990, embora ainda hoje a maioria das empresas brasileiras esteja agora a dar os primeiros passos na divulgação da informação ambiental. Desta forma, este trabalho pretende ser um contributo para as empresas que têm por objetivo introduzir a matéria ambiental nos seus sistemas de gestão e contabilidade. Na base deste estudo esteve uma empresa que se dedica a exploração de madeira, com sede município do Cantá no estado de Roraima. Esse estudo de caso baseou-se na análise de documentação disponível da empresa relativa a dados ambientais e dados financeiros, recolhidos de elementos do setor, visitas à indústria e reuniões com o responsável. Pretende-se com este estudo, mostrar a importância da produção de uma informação financeira completa, onde constem os valores ambientais e de onde se possa fazer uma análise global da empresa como um todo, identificando o seu desempenho em termos de custos e proveitos ambientais e apresentar que o ativo dela deve ser um impulsionador para o seu sucesso e crescimento. A presente pesquisa demonstrou que os relatórios contábeis da empresa Madeireira Vale Verde Ltda. não possui destaque para os recursos financeiros destinados à mitigação dos passivos ambientais, de forma que, a empresa não utiliza técnicas ou métodos que mensurem seu passivo ambiental. / The wave of positive transformation of the Brazilian economy was essential to improve the awareness of society that is increasingly forcing the industry to adopt a responsible attitude towards the environment. Starting from this premise, this paper aims to identify and describe the contribution of environmental accounting, and its active driver who won the environmental topic and has become a challenge to the world. However, to achieve this in practice has been a very challenging race. In Brazil and other countries of the world woke up to this theme in the late 90s, although today most companies are now taking the first steps in the dissemination of environmental information. This study is a contribution to the companies that aim to introduce in their environmental management systems and accounting. On the basis of this study was a company that is dedicated to the manufacture of wooden doors and windows located in the town of Sing in the state of Roraima. The choice of this case study evidence was based on analysis of available documentation on the company's environmental data and financial data collected from elements of the sector, industry visits and meetings with the head. This company was not certified by any environmental management system in the past and had never produced and published financial information of an environmental nature. The aim of this study was to show the importance of producing complete financial information, which should include the environmental values and where you can do a comprehensive analysis of the company as a whole, identifying their performance in terms of environmental costs and income and submit the asset it should be a driver for their success and growth. This study showed that the company's accounting reports Green Valley Logging Ltd. has no emphasis on the financial resources for mitigation of environmental liabilities, so the company does not use techniques or methods that measure their environmental liabilities.

Submitted by Maykon Nascimento (maykon.albani@hotmail.com) on 2014-10-09T18:55:29Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elizabete Silva (elizabete.silva@ufes.br) on 2014-11-18T18:38:41Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2014-11-18T18:38:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 23148 bytes, checksum: 9da0b6dfac957114c6a7714714b86306 (MD5) Dissertacao.Texto.Herbert Simoes.pdf: 1925290 bytes, checksum: e5892b51fa31052365110689fe1a902c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014 / Objetivou-se com o presente trabalho, estudar os efeitos da convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade (IFRS), da cobertura de analistas financeiros e da emissão de American Depositary Receipts - ADR, sobre o disclosure voluntário das empresas listadas na BM&FBOVESPA. Partindo-se da análise de 14 trabalhos acadêmicos, desenvolveu-se um índice de disclosure voluntário contendo um total de 38 itens, sendo 25 itens de natureza financeira, econômica e organizacional e 13 itens de natureza social e ambiental. O check list do índice desenvolvido foi aplicado sobre 1.406 documentos (notas explicativas e relatórios da administração, contendo 58,2 mil páginas), de uma amostra com 703 observações - ano, obtidas durante os anos de 2006 a 2013. Utilizando-se do teste de Wilcoxon, os resultados apontam incrementos estatisticamente significantes nos níveis de disclosure voluntário durante o período de convergência ao padrão IFRS no Brasil, sendo mais significativos elementos de natureza econômica, financeira e organizacional do que os de natureza social e ambiental. Utilizando-se de modelos OLS robustos, aplicados sobre dados em painel desbalanceado, os resultados dos testes econométricos confirmaram parcialmente a hipótese de que o padrão IFRS contribuiu no desenvolvimento do disclosure voluntário das empresas com maior acompanhamento de analistas financeiros, porém, significativamente para as empresas que emitiram American Depositary Receipts (ADR) durante o período de convergência às normas internacionais de contabilidade. Os resultados são robustos e significativos quando controlados por variáveis representativas do tamanho (TAM), da rentabilidade (RENT), do endividamento (ALAV) e de auditoria de uma big – four (AUDI) como determinantes do disclosure voluntário durante o período de convergência ao padrão IFRS no Brasil. / We aim in this paper to study the effects of the International Account Standards, the cover of financial analysts and the emission of American Depositary Receipts (ADR), on the voluntary disclosure of BM&FBOVESPA companies, during the period of convergence to IFRS standards. From the analyses of 14 papers, we developed a check list with 38 items of voluntary disclosure, being 25 financial, economic and organizational items and 13 environmental and social items. The developed check list was applied to 1,406 documents (foot notes and director’s reports, with 58.2 thousand pages) of a sample of 703 firm–year observations, between 2006 and 2013. By using Wilcoxon test, the results show significant augmentation in the voluntary disclosure levels during the period of IFRS adoption in Brazil, being economic, financial and organizational elements more significant than social and environmental elements. By using robust OLS models for unbalanced panel data, the results for the econometric tests partially confirmed the hypothesis that IFRS has contributed for the development of voluntary disclosure of firms with higher financial analysts’ coverage. Besides, we found significant evidence that firms which emitted ADRs has enhanced their levels of voluntary disclosure during the convergence period to IFRS. The results are robust and significant when controlled by size (TAM), profitability (RENT), leverage (ALAV) and being audited by a Big Four company (AUDI) as determinants of voluntary disclosure over the period of convergence to IFRS.

Purpose of the article: In the past, annual reports only included financial measures. More recently, this shareholder value approach has been criticized of leading to a strategic short-term orientation. Consequently, the use of strategic performance measurement systems (SPMSs), namely the Balanced Scorecard (BSC), is proposed to communicate non-financial measures to investors and stakeholders. Besides the distribution of critical information, the disclosure of non-financial measures should strengthen the employees' commitment to the long-term strategy. The purpose of the article is thus to reveal whether Austrian companies disclose their strategic performance measures in their annual reports. Methodology/methods: Two observation points, 2002 and 2012, were chosen to analyse the annual reports of companies listed on the ATX. This period of time allows to observe changes as well as new trends. The annual reports have been downloaded from the companies' homepages or received via email or post. A document and content analysis, followed by a frequency analysis, has been applied to identify several non-financial measures with regard to the following BSC-derived perspectives: Customer perspective, internal business perspective and innovation and learning perspective. Scientific aim: The scientific aim of the following study is to examine the extent to which non-financial performance measures are displayed in annual reports. Findings: The analysis of the annual reports showed a tremendous increase in non-financial measures in the time period between 2002 and 2012, which solely arose from the augmented disclosure activities of the innovation and learning perspective. On the other hand, the customer and internal perspectives decreased in importance. Moreover, the top ten measures in 2002 have changed and are dominated by diversity and environmental issues in the year 2012. Conclusions: Similar findings in the literature as well as the influence of legal disclosure requirements are discussed. Possible limitations are the sole use of the Balanced Scorecard as a SPMS or the chosen time period of ten years.

O presente trabalho tem o objetivo de verificar os impactos da adoção das Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade pela Grendene S.A., Companhia do ramo de calçados, situada em Farroupilha, no Rio Grande do Sul. Visto a globalização dos mercados mundiais e uniformização das informações contábeis, tornou-se uma necessidade a transparência das Companhias nos mercados de capitais. As Normas Internacionais de Contabilidade visam a permitir a comparação de balanços entre empresas do mesmo segmento localizadas em países diferentes, bem como facilitar a análise das informações por investidores estrangeiros. / This final paper has the objective of demonstrating the impact of adoption of The International Financial Reporting Standards by Grendene S.A., a shoe manufacturing Company, located in Farroupilha, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil. Considering the side effects of world markets globalization, the equalization of the financial information is now crucial, in order to promote transparency of information in capital markets. The International Accounting Standards intends to allow comparison of balance between companies in same industry in different countries, as well as facilitate analysis of information by foreign investors.

A onda de transformações positivas da economia brasileira foi fundamental para melhorar a conscientização da sociedade que está cada vez mais obrigando as indústrias a adotarem uma atitude responsável perante o meio ambiente. Partindo-se desta premissa, este estudo tem como objetivo identificar e descrever a contribuição da contabilidade ambiental, e seu ativo impulsionador que ganhou o tópico ambiental e tornou-se um desafio para o mundo. No entanto, para conseguir isso na prática tem sido uma prova muito desafiadora. No Brasil, assim como outros países do mundo, despertou-se para esta temática no final da década de 1990, embora ainda hoje a maioria das empresas brasileiras esteja agora a dar os primeiros passos na divulgação da informação ambiental. Desta forma, este trabalho pretende ser um contributo para as empresas que têm por objetivo introduzir a matéria ambiental nos seus sistemas de gestão e contabilidade. Na base deste estudo esteve uma empresa que se dedica a exploração de madeira, com sede município do Cantá no estado de Roraima. Esse estudo de caso baseou-se na análise de documentação disponível da empresa relativa a dados ambientais e dados financeiros, recolhidos de elementos do setor, visitas à indústria e reuniões com o responsável. Pretende-se com este estudo, mostrar a importância da produção de uma informação financeira completa, onde constem os valores ambientais e de onde se possa fazer uma análise global da empresa como um todo, identificando o seu desempenho em termos de custos e proveitos ambientais e apresentar que o ativo dela deve ser um impulsionador para o seu sucesso e crescimento. A presente pesquisa demonstrou que os relatórios contábeis da empresa Madeireira Vale Verde Ltda. não possui destaque para os recursos financeiros destinados à mitigação dos passivos ambientais, de forma que, a empresa não utiliza técnicas ou métodos que mensurem seu passivo ambiental. / The wave of positive transformation of the Brazilian economy was essential to improve the awareness of society that is increasingly forcing the industry to adopt a responsible attitude towards the environment. Starting from this premise, this paper aims to identify and describe the contribution of environmental accounting, and its active driver who won the environmental topic and has become a challenge to the world. However, to achieve this in practice has been a very challenging race. In Brazil and other countries of the world woke up to this theme in the late 90s, although today most companies are now taking the first steps in the dissemination of environmental information. This study is a contribution to the companies that aim to introduce in their environmental management systems and accounting. On the basis of this study was a company that is dedicated to the manufacture of wooden doors and windows located in the town of Sing in the state of Roraima. The choice of this case study evidence was based on analysis of available documentation on the company's environmental data and financial data collected from elements of the sector, industry visits and meetings with the head. This company was not certified by any environmental management system in the past and had never produced and published financial information of an environmental nature. The aim of this study was to show the importance of producing complete financial information, which should include the environmental values and where you can do a comprehensive analysis of the company as a whole, identifying their performance in terms of environmental costs and income and submit the asset it should be a driver for their success and growth. This study showed that the company's accounting reports Green Valley Logging Ltd. has no emphasis on the financial resources for mitigation of environmental liabilities, so the company does not use techniques or methods that measure their environmental liabilities.

For investors and other users of financial information to be able to act with full transparency and reliability it is necessary, among other things, that it be prepared according to a regulatory framework that is based on international standards that in turn adapt to new requirements of the global economy. The high level of globalization of the world economy has led the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS) to become the highest international standards applicable throughout the world and in the case of Peru, these standards have been made mandatory in preparing the financial statements of companies incorporated under the scope of the General Corporate law. Thus, the main purpose of this research , having an exploratory design, is ro have an initial approach on the compliance with the, implementation of IFRS in the preparation and presentation of financial statements of Peruvian companies that are not under the supervision of the National Supervisory Commission for Companies and Securities (CONASEV). To this end, first ít presents a general review of the theoretical framework of financial reporting and secondly, an analysis of the Peruvian Setting Accounting Standards related to the preparation and presentation of financial statements. The third part of this work presents and describes the methodological aspects used in the development of this research, for which it has developed a survey that includes eighteen closed questions and two open ended questions, structured according to our main and specific objectives of this research. The survey was distributed to a sample of companies selected from the universe defined in the research. The results are set out in the fourth section of the article, entitled, research results and which analyzes the responses to each of the survey questions. Finally, we present the conclusions and recommendations that can be reached, highlighting among the main ones, a high incidence of tax and legal aspects when preparing financial statements in these companies, rather than a full implementation of IFRS, according to what has been provided by the accounting profession and the corresponding legal norms. / Para que los inversionistas y otros usuarios de la información financiera puedan actuar con total transparencia y confia­bilidad se requiere, entre otros aspectos, que esta sea preparada en función a un marco normativo que se fundamente en estándares internacionales que a su vez se adapten a los nuevos requerimientos de la economía mundial. El alto nivel de globalización de la economía mundial ha llevado a que las Normas Internacionales de Información Financiera (NIIF) se conviertan en los estándares internacionales de mayor aplicación en todo el mundo y, en el caso de Perú, estas normas se han adoptado para su aplicación obligatoria en la preparación de los estados financieros de las empresas constituidas bajo el amparo de la Ley General de Sociedades. Es así que esta investigación, al tener un diseño exploratorio, se plantea como objetivo principal un acercamiento inicial sobre el cumplimiento de la aplicación de las NIIF en la preparación y presentación de estados financieros de las em­presas peruanas que no se encuentran bajo la supervisión de la Comisión Nacional Supervisora de Empresas y Valores (CONASEV). Con este fin, se presenta primero una revisión general del marco teórico de la información financiera y en segundo lugar, un análisis sobre el Marco Normativo Contable Peruano relacionado con la preparación y presenta­ción de estados financieros. En la tercera parte de este trabajo se expone y describe los aspectos metodológicos utilizados en el desarrollo de la investigación, para la cual se ha elaborado una encuesta que incluye dieciocho preguntas cerradas y dos abiertas, es­tructuradas en función al objetivo principal y específicos de la investigación. La encuesta ha sido distribuida entre una muestra de empresas seleccionadas del universo definido en la investigación. Los resultados obtenidos son expuestos en la cuarta sección del artículo, denominada resultados de la investigación y en la que se analiza las respuestas proporcio­nadas a cada una de las preguntas de la encuesta. Finalmente se presentan las conclusiones y recomendaciones a las que se llega, resaltando entre las principales una alta incidencia de aspectos fiscales y legales al momento de la preparación de los estados financieros en estas empresas, antes que una aplicación integral de las NIIF, de acuerdo a lo que han dispuesto la profesión contable y las normas legales correspondientes en su momento.

O presente trabalho possui o objetivo de investigar se a adoção das IFRS mudou a relação da variação do valor justo dos derivativos no valor de mercado em instituições financeiras do mundo e em particular no Brasil entre os anos de 2005 e 2015. A abordagem desta pesquisa é empírico-analítica e para a análise dos modelos propostos foi utilizada a técnica de dados em painel e realizados testes de adequação para melhor estimação. A hipótese investigada é que a variação do valor justo dos derivativos, associada à adoção das IFRS, podem influenciar o valor de mercado da empresa. Adicionalmente, foi realizada análise complementar segregando o valor justo dos derivativos entre os que foram designados para hedge e os não de hedge. Nos modelos completos foram considerados controles como o Tamanho do banco, Índice de Basileia, a ocorrência da Crise em 2008, o número de analistas que seguem a instituição e o sistema jurídico para a amostra mundial. Após os testes empíricos, não foram encontradas relações estatisticamente relevantes entre a variação do valor justo dos derivativos após a adoção das IFRS e o valor de mercado das companhias investigadas tanto no Brasil como no mundo, de uma forma geral. A pouca liquidez do mercado de capitais do Brasil, o tratamento dos derivativos pelas normas locais do Banco Central antecedente ao IFRS e a utilização de bases de dados secundárias com grande presença de dados faltantes para a amostra mundial podem explicar esse resultado. / The objective of this study is to investigate whether the adoption of IFRS has changed the relationship of the derivatives fair value on the market value of financial institutions in the world and in particular in Brazil between 2005 and 2015. The approach of this research is empirical-analytical and for the analysis of the proposed models, the panel data technique was used and adequacy tests were performed for better estimation. The investigated hypothesis is that the variation of the derivatives fair value, associated with the adoption of IFRS, can influence the market value of the company. In addition, a complementary analysis was performed segregating the derivatives fair value between those that were designated for hedge and the non hedge. In the full models, controls such as Bank Size, Basle Index, the occurrence of the Crisis in 2008, the number of analysts who followed the institution and the legal system for the world sample were considered. After the empirical tests, there were no statistically significant relationship between the variation of the derivatives fair value after the adoption of the IFRS and the market value of the companies investigated in Brazil as in the world, in general. The low liquidity of the Brazilian capital market, the treatment of derivatives by the local standards of the Central Bank of Brazil prior to IFRS and the use of secondary databases with a large presence of missing data for the world sample may explain this result.