Submitted by Rafael Santana (rafael.silvasantana@ufpe.br) on 2017-07-14T19:00:48Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Final Maria Carolina Ferraz da Silva.pdf: 977481 bytes, checksum: 9a3d8cadba6deccc41a33a4695f02ce6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T19:00:48Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 811 bytes, checksum: e39d27027a6cc9cb039ad269a5db8e34 (MD5) Dissertação Final Maria Carolina Ferraz da Silva.pdf: 977481 bytes, checksum: 9a3d8cadba6deccc41a33a4695f02ce6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-05-31 / CNPQ / O presente trabalho teve como objetivo analisar prováveis alterações fisiológicas relacionadas ao estresse de captura com espinhel em tubarões-lixa Ginglymostoma cirratum capturados nas praias do Recife e Região Metropolitana. Para tal, a dissertação foi dividida em dois capítulos que abrangem técnicas diferentes para análise do estresse de captura em tubarões. No primeiro capítulo, foi analisada a resposta secundária ao estresse de captura a partir de uma metodologia já bem estabelecida, por meio da análise dos principais íons e metabólitos presentes no sangue. Os animais foram capturados utilizando dois espinhéis lançados próximo ao canal existente entre as praias de Boa viagem, Piedade e Paiva. Diferenças significativas entre os animais capturados e o grupo controle, mantidos em aquários, foram encontradas apenas para os íons magnésio e cálcio. Em relação às diferenças sexuais nos animais capturados, apenas o metabólito lactato mostrou diferença significativa, tendo sido superior nas fêmeas. O íon potássio, apesar de também ter exibido índices superiores nas fêmeas, não apresentou diferença estatisticamente significante. Já no segundo capítulo, o objetivo foi identificar as células sanguíneas encontradas na circulação periférica de tubarões-lixa e utilizar parâmetros hematológicos como a relação entre granulócitos e linfócitos, a contagem diferencial de leucócitos e valores do hematócrito como possíveis indicadores de estresse nesses animais. Foram identificados eritrócitos, linfócitos, monócitos, trombócitos e os granulócitos eosinófilos, neutrófilos e heterofilos na circulação de tubarões-lixa. Apenas um basófilo foi encontrado. Houve significante aumento na relação granulócito/ linfócito (G/L) dos animais capturados em relação ao grupo controle. Os animais capturados apresentaram maior proporção de heterofilos e menor proporção de linfócitos, enquanto o grupo controle apresentou proporções inversas. As fêmeas capturadas apresentaram uma maior relação G/L e uma maior proporção de heterofilos, sugerindo uma resposta mais acentuada ao estresse de captura. Apesar das alterações observadas nos animais capturados, os tubarões-lixa parecem apresentar uma capacidade elevada de resiliência a situações de estresse causadas pela captura, uma vez que todos os animais capturados apresentaram boas condições após sua liberação. / This study aimed to analyze physiological changes related to the stress of capture of nurse sharks Ginglymostoma cirratum caught by longline in the beaches of Recife. To this aim, the dissertation was divided into two chapters covering different techniques for the analysis of stress in sharks. In the first chapter, the secondary response to the stress of capture was analyzed by a well-established methodology, including the analysis of major ions and metabolites present in the blood. Significant differences between the animals caught and the control group, kept in aquarium, were found only for magnesium and calcium ions. With regard to sexual differences among the animals caught, the metabolite lactate was significantly higher in females. The potassium ion, although not significantly different, was also higher in females. In the second chapter, the objective was to identify the blood cells found in the peripheral circulation of nurse sharks and, using haematological parameters, such as the ratio of granulocytes and lymphocytes, the differential leukocytes count and hematocrit values assess the level of stress in these animals. The identified cells were erythrocytes, lymphocytes, monocytes, thrombocytes and granulocytes (eosinophils, neutrophils and heterophils). Only one basophil was found. There was a significant increase in the granulocyte/ lymphocyte (G/L) ratio in captured animals in relation to the control group. The captured animals showed a higher proportion of heterophils and a smaller proportion of lymphocytes, while the control group showed the opposite trend. Captured females showed higher G/L and a larger proportion of heterophils when compared with the captured males, suggesting a more pronounced stress response to capture. In spite of the changes observed in the animals caught, nurse sharks seem to have a high resilience to capture since all captured animals were in good condition at gear retrieval.

A utilização dos produtos provenientes de elasmobrânquios é demonstrada desde os primeiros grupos que habitaram o nosso litoral. Pode-se afirmar estas relações com o estudo dos sítios arqueológicos denominados sambaquis, que foram utilizados pelos grupos de pescadores-coletores do litoral. Analisamos sete sambaquis localizados no litoral do Estado de São Paulo: sambaqui Maratuá, sambaqui do Mar Casado, sambaqui do Buracão, sambaquis Cosipa e sambaqui Piaçaguera (Baixada Santista), sítio Tenório e sítio do Mar Virado (Litoral Norte). Foram analisados 15.447 elementos faunísticos de elasmobrânquios, onde se identificou 16 espécies: tubarão-mangona - Carcharias taurus, tubarão-raposa - Alopias vulpinus, tubarão-branco - Carcharodon carcharias, anequim - Isurus oxyrinchus, Carcharhinus sp., tubarão-cabeça-chata - C. leucas, tubarão-fidalgo - C. obscurus, cação-baleeiro - C. plumbeus, tubarão-tigre - Galeocerdo cuvier, tubarão-azul - Prionace glauca, cação-frango - Rhizoprionodon sp., tubarão-martelo - Sphyrna tiburo, raia-serra - Pristis sp., raia-morcego - Aetobatus narinari, raia-sapo - Myliobatis goodei e raia-ticonha - Rhinoptera bonasus. Os grupos de pescadores-coletores utilizam os dentes, vértebras e ferrões dos tubarões e raias principalmente como instrumentos e adornos. A identificação de espécies de elasmobrânquios em sambaquis demonstra a relação e utilização destes pelo homem, conseqüentemente apresentando grande significância para vários grupos costeiros não só de nossa costa como em todas as regiões do mundo / The use of the originating products of elasmobranchs is demonstrated by them from the first groups that lived in our coast. It is possible to affirm these relations with the study of the archaeological so-called shell mounds, which were used by the groups of fishing-gatherers of the coast. We analyse seven shell mounds located in the coast of the State of São Paulo: sambaqui Maratuá, sambaqui do Mar Casado, sambaqui do Buracão, sambaquis Cosipa, sambaqui Piaçaguera, sítio Tenório e sítio do Mar Virado. 15.447 elements elasmobranchs faunal remains were analysed, where one identified 16 species: sandtiger shark - Carcharias taurus, thresher shark - Alopias vulpinus, white shark - Carcharodon carcharias, shortfin mako - Isurus oxyrinchus, Carcharhinus sp., bull shark - C. leucas, dusky shark - C. obscurus, sandbar shark - C. plumbeus, tiger shark - Galeocerdo cuvier, blue shark - Prionace glauca, sharpnose shark - Rhizoprionodon sp., bonnethead shark - Sphyrna tiburo, sawfish - Pristis sp., bat ray - Aetobatus narinari, eagle ray - Myliobatis goodei e cownose ray - Rhinoptera bonasus. The groups of fishig-gatherers use the teeth, vertebrae and spines of the sharks and you shine principally like instruments and adornments. The identification of species of elasmobranchs in shell mounds, it demonstrates the relation and use of this for the human being, consequently presenting great signification for several coastal groups not only of our coast I eat in all the regions of the world

No cenário da pesca artesanal nacional, a garantia de acesso aos territórios pesqueiros e a construção de cadeias produtivas que valorizem ao mesmo tempo o pescado e o pescador são condições que podem ser atingidas através da organização cooperativa da produção e das comunidades. O presente trabalho se pautou nas abordagens teórico-metodológicas da ação coletiva e da gestão compartilhada dos recursos de uso comum para analisar a trajetória de duas cooperativas em comunidades tradicionais pesqueiras no Brasil: a Cooperativa dos Pescadores Artesanais de Carutapera, no litoral das reentrâncias no Maranhão, e a Cooperativa dos Produtores de Ostra de Cananéia, no litoral sul de São Paulo. Foram realizados os seguintes procedimentos metodológicos: revisão bibliográfica, levantamento de dados secundários, observação direta dos fatos e fenômenos, contato com atores chave para fornecer dados e análise contextual dos estudos de caso. Os territórios onde se encontram cada uma das cooperativas foram descritos de acordo com os aspectos demográficos, sociais, econômicos e ambientais, servindo como ponto de partida para a compreensão do estado atual das áreas de estudo. As trajetórias das ações coletivas que levaram à criação das cooperativas foram sistematizadas em uma perspectiva histórica, separadas por fases e elencados os principais acontecimentos que contribuíram para o desenvolvimento do cooperativismo local. A análise desses dados permitiu inferir quais foram as dinâmicas chave na promoção da ação conjunta e coordenada entre os indivíduos. As cadeias produtivas locais foram descritas e as relações sociais de produção que regem os aspectos de mercado nessas cooperativas foram identificadas, assim como as bases de conhecimento tradicionais e ecológicos em que ocorre a produção nos sistemas pesqueiros. Por fim, descreveram-se as áreas de uso comum utilizadas pela pesca e maricultura artesanal e o funcionamento dos regimes de propriedade empregados na gestão desses territórios. A realização dessa pesquisa possibilitou a contraposição entre os dados de ambos estudos de casos em uma perspectiva de identificação de padrões semelhantes e divergentes entre as cooperativas estudadas. As principais contribuições foram no sentido de que é preciso atentar-se ao contexto que impulsiona o empreendimento das ações coletivas que almejam melhores condições de vida para as comunidades, buscando identificar as lideranças em potencial, os motivos que fazem com que as pessoas cooperem entre si e os mecanismos que mantêm a confiança entre os indivíduos, que por sua vez leva à retroalimentação desse ciclo solidário tecido nos atributos socioecológicos e em valores como a reciprocidade. / In the context of the Brazilian artisanal fishery, the assurance of access to fishing territories and the development of value chains that consider both fish and fisherman are conditions that can be achieved through cooperative organization of production and communities. This work is based on the theoretical-methodological approaches of the collective actions and the shared management of common-use resources, especially marine resources. That background was used to analyze the historical trajectory of two cooperatives in traditional fishing communities in Brazil: the Cooperative of Artisanal Fishermen of Carutapera, in the indentation of the coastline in Maranhão State, and the Cooperative of Oyster Producers of Cananeia, in the South coastline of São Paulo State. The following methodological proceedings were carried: literature review, secondary data collection, direct observation of facts and phenomena, contact with stakeholders for the provision of data and analysis of the study cases context. The territories where each cooperative are located were described according to demographical, social, economical and environmental aspects, as a starter for the understanding of the current state of the study areas. The trajectory of the collective action that had led to the creation of the cooperatives were organized in a historical perspective, separated by phases, and it was listed/organized according by the main events that had contributed to the development of local cooperatives. The analysis of the data allowed the inference of what were the facts and key phenomena in promoting of the joint and coordinated action among individuals. The local value chain was described, and the social relations of production that deal with the market aspects in these cooperatives, were also identified as well as the traditional and ecological knowledge in what had occurred the production in the fishery systems. Finally, it was described the common areas used for fishing and artisanal mariculture, and how the property regimes employed works in the management of these territories. The realization of this research allowed the opposition between the data from both case studies in an identification prospect of similar and divergent patterns between the studied cooperatives. The main contributions were to the effect that it is necessary to pay attention to the context that drives the development of collective actions. When aimed to better living conditions for the communities, it needs to identify potential leaders, the reasons that make people cooperate with each other and the mechanisms that maintain trust between individuals, which in turn leads to feedback that solidarity cycle fabric on values such as reciprocity.

Climate changes alter species composition in both aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems. For establishment of species in a fish community, dispersal barriers, habitat structure and interactions between species act as a filter. The aim of this study was to examine changes in the fish community in Lake Tåkern, Sweden, by repeating a test-fishing in a lake 40 years after a previous test-fishing. Special interest was directed towards the possible establishment of bream (Abramis brama) and (Cyprinus carpio) which recently had been found in the lake. In addition, a decline of the low oxygen tolerant species crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and tench (Tinca tinca) was expected. Test-fishing was performed in June and August 2019 and combined with analyses of Environmental-DNA from samples in September 2019. A comparison with the average catch of 1978-1979 together showed that all cyprinid species had decreased in 2019. The hypoxic tolerant crucian carp decreased 16-fold in numbers, which was expected due to fewer events of cold winters and hypoxia. One bream was caught from the test-fishing and was also detected through eDNA-analysis. The ecological status of the fish community was classified as moderate but showed a high proportion of piscivore percids contra cyprinids, compared to six other shallow lakes in Sweden with similar characteristics. The high proportion of piscivore percids is probably contributing to the stability of the present clear-water state of the lake.

The purpose of this thesis is to examine whether fishing in southern Scandinavia may have created conditions for a sedentary lifestyle. This would contradict the current image of the Early mesolithic as dependent on hunting subsistence. The image of Early mesolithic as dependent on hunting subsistence is in a dichotomous relationship in contrast to Late mesolithic fishing subsistence, which leads to fishing amongst Early mesolithic cultures being overlooked. A dichotomous relationship has also appeared between the mesolithic and neolithic way of life, where the mesolithic attributes as nomadic hunter-gatherers are in contrast to sedentary neolithic farmers. Underwater archaeology has not until recently focused on Early mesolithic settlement. Recent discoveries in the south-eastern Sweden can indicate that fishing would have been a more central part of the Early Mesolithic society than previously assumed.

The thesis deals with potentialities of a company, whose activities are focused in the intrnet environment. Together with maintaining a fisherman portal, the company is involved in producing instructional and narrative movies with fishing themes. In the thesis, different ways to approach special interest groups are discussed, as well as different means of advertising services to these groups. The thesis concludes in several proposals, that may result in the company growth.

El índice de rotación laboral en Perú es uno de los más altos en Latinoamérica. Contar con una estrategia de retención de personal es clave pues incide en los resultados de las organizaciones. La industria pesquera tiene un gran impacto económico en el Perú, es dinámica y aporta gran oferta de puestos de trabajo. El presente trabajo de investigación tuvo como objetivo principal determinar la relación existente entre los factores intrínsecos y extrínsecos de la motivación con la intención de permanencia de un empleado en grandes empresas de producción de ingredientes marinos que pertenecen a la Sociedad Nacional de Pesquería en Lima Metropolitana y Callao en el periodo 2019. La investigación es de tipo mixta, con diseño no experimental. Transaccional pues la recolección de datos se dio en un tiempo único; además, descriptivo y correlacional. Se revisaron documentos de investigación, se realizaron entrevistas semiestructuradas a especialistas del sector y se utilizaron encuestas para identificar los factores que influyen en la intención de permanencia laboral dirigidas a una muestra representativa de 293 personas. La hipótesis general fue aceptada al obtener una correlación positiva. El factor extrínseco más valorado son las relaciones interpersonales con un 72.4% de valoración entre todos los encuestados y el factor intrínseco más valorado fue la realización personal con un 72.5%. Además, los empleados con mayor tiempo de permanencia valoran más los factores intrínsecos y los de menor tiempo los factores extrínsecos. Se deja como aporte una serie de recomendaciones y un cuestionario validado por expertos del sector. / The labor turnover rate in Peru is one of the highest in Latin America. Having a staff retention strategy is key because it has consequences that affect the results of organizations. The fishing industry has a great economic impact in Peru, is dynamic and it generates great demand for jobs. The main objective of the research was to determine the relationship between the intrinsic and extrinsic factors of the motivation with the intention of permanence of an employee in large production companies of marine ingredients that belong to the National Fisheries Society in Metropolitan Lima and Callao in the 2019 period. The present research work is of a mixed type, with a non-experimental design; in addition, descriptive and correlational. Transactional because the data collection occurred in a single time; It was also descriptive and correlational. For data collection, research documents, interviews and questionnaires were reviewed. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with specialists and surveys were used to identify the factors that influence the intention to stay in the job, aimed at a representative sample of 293 people. The general hypothesis was accepted upon obtaining a positive correlation. The extrinsic factor most valued by the employees are the interpersonal relationships in a 72.4% and the highest rated intrinsic factor was personal realization with a 72.5%. In addition, employees with more time of permanence value more intrinsic factors and those with shorter time of stay extrinsic. A series of recommendations and a questionnaire validated by industry experts are left as input. / Tesis

Discontent of primary resource users (PRU) towards authorities, governing bodies and policy  regulations, here termed ‘rural resentment’, has been growing in the global North.  Resentment is a hidden emotion, which is not frequently voiced. However, the greater  prominence of neo-nationalist populism in various recent elections and referenda across  Europe and North America has offered a new platform for its expression. This creates an  opportunity to study and better understand rural resentment. The aim of the study is to  examine the ways in which feelings of resentment are expressed and communicated by PRU  in the global North in relation to access to and control over natural resources. Feelings of  resentment, such as distrust towards elites and anti-globalisation views, can undermine efforts  to establish sustainable management of natural environments. When these feelings are  ignored, they can lead to reduced willingness to cooperate and comply with governing  bodies. This study specifically examines the ways in which Fishing for Leave (FFL), an anti  European Union (EU) fisheries lobby-group, campaigned for Brexit and leaving the EU’s  Common Fisheries Policy. A discourse analysis is used to explore how fishers’ resentment is  expressed on social media by FFL. The findings describe the expressions of resentment by  fishers, namely a sense of injustice, inequality and a need to regain British sovereignty over  UK fishing grounds. The study also explores how associated feelings of resentment are  expressed in the form of blaming various actors and examines FFL’s alternative policy as a  pro-active measure to try and achieve their goal. Ultimately, the study provides a framework  and methodology for identifying rural resentment and demonstrates the value of observing  resentment in online discourse, to help better understand the views and feelings of PRU.

El Instituto Tecnológico Pesquero es un proyecto dirigido por el estado bajo el nombre CITE Pesquero, el cual responde a la necesidad de una ciudad donde la actividad económica más importante es la pesquería y lo relacionado a esta. Este proyecto debe regirse de acuerdo a la nueva ley presentada por el Estado Peruano en el año 2016, conocida como la “Ley CITE”, la cual estipula que, a partir de la fecha, todos los Centros de Innovación Tecnológico (CITE) debían de contar con espacios dedicados al campo científico, a la capacitación y educación de las personas, según la materia prima a la cual estaban asignados. Busca brindarle a la ciudad un espacio que promueva la investigación, capacitación y enseñanza de la pesca y su manufactura, ayudando a la población del lugar a aumentar la competitividad, innovar y desarrollar productos con mayor valor agregado, mejorando la oferta, productividad y calidad para el mercado nacional e internacional (Instituto Tecnológico de la Producción, 2016). / The Fishing Technological Institute is a project directed by the national government under the name of CITE Pesquero which answers the need of a city where the most important economical activity is fishery and everything related. This project must be accord to the new peruvian law of 2016 known as "Ley CITE" which stipulates that, from this date onward, all Technological Innovation Centers (CITE) must have spaces dedicated to scientific field, training and education of people, according to the raw material to which they were assigned. This project seeks to provide the city with a space that promotes research, training and teaching of fishing techniques and manufacture helping the local population to increase competitiveness, innovate and develop products with greater added value, improving supply, productivity and quality for the national and international market (Instituto Tecnológico de la Producción, 2016). / Tesis

Situated within the jurisdiction of the Municipality of Tulum and within the Sian Ka'an Biosphere gives the village of Punta Allen a distinctive agency in determining their role in the on-going development of tourism in the region that is not given to other communities in the state. This unique circumstance facilitates a dialogue between the reserve, the municipality, and the business cooperatives of Punta Allen that produce a negotiated living. Through the negotiations with the reserve and Tulum, the lobster fishing and tourism cooperatives are given the opportunity to have a relatively significant role in determining the future of Punta Allen in regards to tourism.