Personlighet och dess betydelse för beteende har under lång tid varit ett lika aktuellt som välundersökt forskningsområde. Denna studie syftar undersöka sambandet mellan personlighetsdrag enligt Five Factor Model och musikpreferenser i en svensk population. Resultaten förväntas ligga i linje med tidigare studiers, vilka funnit vissa positiva samband bl. a. mellan Extraversion och konventionell musik samt Öppenhet för erfarenheter och traditionell, komplex musik. Deltagarna (107) svarade på ett webbaserat formulär avsett att mäta musikpreferenser    och    personlighetsdrag.    Musikpreferenstestet utgjordes av 22 genrer varav 20 ingick i en analys resulterandes i sex musikdimensioner. Resultaten visade bl.a. att Öppenhet för erfarenheter    korrelerade    positivt    med    musikdimensionerna Amerikansk traditionell och Europeisk traditionell och Extraversion korrelerade positivt med Konventionell musik. Vidare fanns även könsskillnader vad gällde musikpreferenser. Resultaten följde tidigare forskning trots vissa metodologiska skillnader, vilket ger ytterligare tyngd åt kopplingen mellan musikpreferenser och personlighetsdrag.

Syfte: Syftet är att beskriva samband av revisorns bakomliggande psykologiska egenskapers påverkan vid värderingen av ett företags varumärke. Metod: Studien utgår ifrån en positivistisk vetenskapssyn där en kvantitativ ansats används. Teoretiskt perspektiv: Uppsatsens teoretiska kapitel utgår ifrån teorier om psykologiska variabler. De psykologiska variabler som i uppsatsen används är femfaktor-teorin samt riskbenägenhet. Empiri: Det empiriska materialet som används i denna studie är insamlat med hjälp av ett modellföretag samt en kompletterande enkät. Resultat: Studien i denna uppsats har visat att inga samband finns mellan revisorns psykologiska egenskaper samt dennes värdering av ett varumärke. Detta berör både faktorerna i femfaktor-teorin samt riskbenägenhet. Ett eventuellt samband finns mellan variablen agreeableness och varumärkesvärderingen,men då signifikans ej finns för hela modellen är det inget som statistiskt kan säkerställas. / Purpose: The purpose of this study is to describe the relationship of the auditor’s underlying psychological characteristics’ effect on the valuation of a brand. Methodology: This study applied a positivist concept of science with a quantitative research approach. Theory: The theoretical chapter is based on theories of psychological factors. The psychological factors in the essay is based on a five factor-model and risk preference. Empirical foundation: The empirical data used in this study was collected by a use of a model company and a supplemental questionnaire. Conclusions: The study in this paper has shown that no connection exists between the auditor's psychological characteristics, and his valuation of a brand. This affects both factors in fivefactor-theory and risk preference. A possible connection between the variable agreeableness and the value of the brand exists, but the significance was not present for the entire model, therefore it is not statistically ensured.

Ausgehend von den klassischen vier Paradigmen zur Messung individueller Differenzen wird die dominierende variablenzentrierte Forschungsausrichtung in der Differentiellen Psychologie hinterfragt und dafür plädiert, diese um einen personenzentrierten Ansatz zu ergänzen. Die Operationalisierung des personenzentrierten Zugangs erfolgt durch einen Prototypenansatz, der auf dem Fünf-Faktoren-Modell der Persönlichkeit basiert und dessen Potential und Grenzen in dieser Arbeit untersucht wurden. Zuerst wurde die Anzahl der Prototypen untersucht und diese Prototypenlösung anschließend validiert. Die auf Basis von zwei bevölkerungsrepräsentativen Stichproben sowie einer umfangreichen Internetstichprobe durchgeführten Analysen konnten übereinstimmend zeigen, dass anhand der ausgewählten multiplen Entscheidungskriterien eine Fünf-Cluster Lösung anderen Clusterlösungen vorzuziehen ist. Die Replizierbarkeit der Prototypen über unterschiedliche Stichproben verschiedenen Alters, Geschlechts, regionaler Herkunft, Bildungshintergrund, sozioökonomischem Status, Gesundheit (Allgemeinbevölkerung, Patientenstichproben), Erhebungsinstrumente (Selbst- und Fremdbeurteilungsverfahren, Fragebogen, Adjektivlisten, Papier-Bleistift-Verfahren und internetbasiert) und Extraktionsverfahren (Clusteranalyse, Mischverteilungsmodelle) zeigt, dass Persönlichkeitstypen eine Möglichkeit der Klassifikation von Personen nach der Ähnlichkeit ihrer Persönlichkeitsprofile darstellen. In vier Validierungsstudien konnten die Befunde zu emotionalen, kognitiven, verhaltensbezogenen und gesundheitsbezogenen Unterschieden zwischen den Prototypen im Erwachsenenalter repliziert und erweitert werden. Wie im Kindes- und Jugendalter zeigt auch der resiliente Prototyp im Erwachsenenalter die beste psychosoziale Anpassung. Für den über- und unterkontrollierten Prototyp lassen sich die Befunde einer hohen psychischen Belastung ebenfalls ins Erwachsenenalter übertragen. Der zuversichtliche und der reservierte Prototyp nehmen eine mittlere Position im Kontinuum der psychosozialen Anpassung zwischen dem resilienten und dem über- und dem unterkontrollierten Prototyp ein. Weiterhin wurden der variablenzentrierte und der personenzentrierten Ansatz hinsichtlich seiner Prädiktionsleistung verglichen. Anhand von zwei umfangreichen und heterogenen Stichproben konnten konsistente Zusammenhänge zwischen der Zugehörigkeit zu einem Persönlichkeitsprototyp und einer Vielzahl relevanter Straßenverkehrskriterien bestätigt werden. Abschließend wurde das Potential der Prototypen als Moderatoren geprüft. Es konnte demonstriert werden, dass die Prototypen den Zusammenhang zwischen dem CRP-Wert und der täglich verwendeten Dosis Prednisolon zur Behandlung der Symptome einer rheumatoiden Arthritis moderieren.

In this study 170 Swedish University students participated and evaluated themselves on Subjective well-being with affect balance measured both in frequency and in intensity, and on the five-factor personality factors. The results clearly indicate that intense positive emotions and intense negative emotions correlate positively, and that women experience emotions more intensely than men. Further, measuring affect balance in frequency leads to gender differences in happiness while intensity affect balance does not. Neuroticism (inverted) and extraversion are both strong predictors of happiness, but when using frequent affect-balance, neuroticism evidently stands out as the better of the two. Extraversion and to some extent neuroticism are intensifying people’s emotions. The findings suggest future research to distinguish between intense and frequent affects when calculating Subjective well-being.

Due to the rapidly development in biomedical industry and the progressive needs in clinical trial, the clinical trial has remarkably increased during the past years. The composition of volunteers is not only included patients but also healthy subjects, which catered for the differences of research design of the trial. Thus, many ethical issues related to clinical trials have gained attention, particularly, the motivations of participating in clinical trials from healthy volunteers are crucial issue. The intention of the study is not only to understand the mainly motivation, perception and personality trait of healthy volunteers, but also to discuss the influence of demographic variables and personality trait on the motivation of volunteers participating clinical trials in Taiwan. This study was a cross-sectional survey research. The study sample included 196 healthy volunteers from three different biomedical clinical trial companies. The self-administered questionnaire contained 15 questions. The internal consistency reliability (£\) for the BFI scale was .789. One-way ANOVA and post-hoc analysis were used to examine the differences of the motivation in different demographic variables. In addition, hierarchical regression analysis was employed to investigate the determinants of different motivation. The results of the study showed most of the healthy volunteers were single male undergraduate students with age 20-24. The types of personality, openness¡Bextraversion and agreeableness, tended to be high tendentiousness. On the other hands, the subjects in neuroticism personality tended to be low tendentiousness. Moreover, the results showed the main motivation of the healthy volunteers is financial rewards, followed by free physical examination and the last is invitation by friends, respectively. According to the results of the study, the relatedness between the motivation of participating clinical trials and different variables showed that the elder subjects considered the free physical examination and promoting scientific and medical development as the mainly motivation, and showed less concern of companion invitation. Also, the subjects with higher education concerned the invitation by companion as less priority. Comparing with students, the waged volunteers showed less consideration of promoting scientific and medical development as motivation. Moreover, the healthy volunteer with average income between 10,000 to 19,999 NT considered mostly free physical examination, promotion of scientific and medical development and curiosity as the main motivation for the trial. The more involved in clinical trial the more consideration of other motivation and less concern of the invitation by companion. Furthermore, the subjects with more agreeableness personality trait tend to be more consideration of promoting scientific and medical development as their mainly motivation. In conclusion, the financial rewards is the priority consideration and shows remarkable influence to the motivation for the healthy volunteers, compared with the risk assessment and the consideration of personal health conditions. Thus, the clinical trials companies should balance between the rewards and health conditions. Particularly, the understandable and fully explanation as well informed consent before any trial implementation are necessary. Moreover, the researcher should be carefully concern about the health condition enrolling volunteers, in order to prevent the volunteer form harm.

Due to the social environment transition and the health care reform, hospital¡¦s transformation has made the high cost nurse resource of the medical organization issue. While facing salary pressure and nursing shortages, nursing leadership has taken an important role in stabilizing/establishing a positive work environment and maintaining good health care quality and job performance. In the past, personality and leadership have been proved to relate to job performance, but few studies show the relationship between these three variables. This study investigates which dimensions of the Five-Factor Model of personality of the head nurse (HN) are related to job performance. This study also analyzes the HN and investigates whether leadership style moderates personality-job performance relations. This study carried out a survey research and secondary date analysis in three regional hospitals of Kaohsiung-Pingtung area. The sample included 35 HN and 174 nurses who worked with their HN for over 6 months. t-test was used to examine the difference of personalities and leadership style in different demographic variables. In addition, the Tobit regression model explained significant portions of variance in these criterions. Results support the hypothesis that openness and extraversion are positively related to job performance. Results also support the hypothesis that consideration is appeared to moderate relationships between openness and job performance. This study show that personality influences job performance. Moreover, it shows that the leadership style could be the moderator between personality and job performance. This study suggested that personality might be a crucial factor in selection and recruiting of head nurses. In addition, providing training in leadership will facilitate the job performance. This study suggests that future studies should increase the sample size in terms of decision making units as well as random selection from different hospital levels.

In recent years, because of the transition of global economic structure, competition between companies is changing toward knowledge management and innovation. Especially at the field of quickly changing product, the superiority of technology is always the key factor of competition. Today, R&D department is important in many companies. The efficiency of R&D not only depends on the ability of technology development but also on the skill of management. Therefore, innovative ability and R&D personnel behavior are important issues for companies. This study focus on the relationship between the innovative behavior of R&D personnel and its influencing factors that include personality traits of subordinate and leadership style of supervisor. The purpose is explored what factors affect the R&D personnel¡¦s innovative behavior. In addition, this study analyzes the influence of age, gender, education background, and etc., on innovative behavior. This study adopts Five Factor Model (Big Five) that includes Neuroticism, Extraversion, Openness to Experience, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness on the personality traits. In addition, the leadership styles contain the transformational leadership and the transactional leadership. Through a questionnaire survey, the following results are obtained: For the two influent factors, personality traits generate more effect toward the R&D personnel¡¦s innovative behavior than the leadership styles. Among the personality traits, Openness to Experience has the most contribution to innovative behaviors. For the leadership styles, transactional leadership would better encourage subordinates to behave innovatively.

<p>In this study 170 Swedish University students participated and evaluated themselves on Subjective well-being with affect balance measured both in frequency and in intensity, and on the five-factor personality factors. The results clearly indicate that intense positive emotions and intense negative emotions correlate positively, and that women experience emotions more intensely than men. Further, measuring affect balance in frequency leads to gender differences in happiness while intensity affect balance does not. Neuroticism (inverted) and extraversion are both strong predictors of happiness, but when using frequent affect-balance, neuroticism evidently stands out as the better of the two. Extraversion and to some extent neuroticism are intensifying people’s emotions. The findings suggest future research to distinguish between intense and frequent affects when calculating Subjective well-being.</p>

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-134). Also available on the Internet.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri-Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 122-134). Also available on the Internet.