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When an offender is convicted of multiple crimes at the same time, the Swedish law gives a reduction on the total punishment. This means that instead of adding each crime with each other into a total punishment, the most severe crime func-tions as an outset where smaller portions of each additional crime are added to the total punishment. For example, two murders will not result in a sentence equal to the punishment for one murder multiplied by two. Instead, the punish-ment for one murder is the outset and the second murder only adds a portion to the total punishment. The punishment for the second murder gets a reduction. This is to avoid sentences that adds up to inhuman and unproportionate levels, such as a 100 year long imprisonment. However, in the case of recidivism the sentence may instead be harsher. This means that as long as there is a verdict in between crimes, the sentence may be higher due to the recidivism. The situations when it comes to multiple crimes and recidivism are equal, but the law treats them opposite. The question is: Why?One of the reasons why multiple crimes and recidivism are treated opposite within The Swedish Penal Code could be because they are historically based on different penal theories and principles. A harsher punishment for recidivism is mainly motivated by individual crime prevention, such as rehabilitation and inca-pacitation. Reduction for multiple crimes, however, is motivated by the principles of humanity and proportionality. This to avoid for example that several thefts result in the same sentence as one murder. Since The Swedish Penal Code essen-tially is based on humanity and proportionality, it does somewhat explain why reductions are made for multiple crimes. What it does not explain, is why the reduction levels are what they are and if they really are proportionate. Neither does it explain why harsher punishment for recidivism is motivated and further-more, why it seems to have been excepted from the principles of humanity and proportionality.By comparing recidivism and multiple crimes with each other from a theoret-ically and principally perspective, this essay aims to answer the questions why these two different orders exist and if they are consistent with the principles of humanity and proportionality.

I Sverige är flerfaldig brottslighet ett vanligt fenomen, och under 2021 tillsatte regeringen en statlig offentlig utredning för att föreslå straffskärpningar vid fall av flerfaldig brottslighet. Syftet med den föreliggande studien var att granska hållbarheten i de argument som utredningen presenterade för denna straffskärpning. Granskningen skedde med utgångspunkt i teorier om prevention samt de rättsliga principerna om proportionalitet och ekvivalens. Vidare undersöktes även vilka eventuella konsekvenser straffskärpningarna kan ha för unga lagöverträdare samt återfallsförövare. Det genomfördes en kvalitativ tematisk analys, och utredningen fungerade som studiens urval och material. Resultatet pekade på att argumenten inte sågs som hållbara utifrån teorier om prevention, samtidigt som de i hög grad svarade mot principerna om proportionalitet och ekvivalens. Det visade också på potentiella konsekvenser för unga lagöverträdare och återfallsförövare, och att straffskärpningen skulle innebära risker för dessa kategorier av förövare utifrån ett brottspreventivt perspektiv. / In Sweden, multiple offending is a common phenomenon, and in 2021 the government issued a commission of inquiry, proposing harsher punishments in cases of multiple offending. The aim of the present study was to examine the sustainability of the arguments presented in that inquiry. This was examined through the theoretical framework of crime prevention and the legal principles of proportionality and equivalence. Further, the eventual consequences of the proposal in relation to juvenile offenders and repeat offenders were also evaluated. A qualitative thematic analysis was conducted, and the inquiry served as the sample and the material for the present study. The results indicated that the arguments were not to be considered as sustainable in relation to theories of crime prevention, although they to a high degree were compatible with the principles of proportionality and equivalence. The results also showed potential consequences of the proposal in regard to juvenile offenders and repeat offenders, and it indicated that the outcome of harsher punishments will result in certain risks for these categories of offenders.

Den här uppsatsen handlar om samtalet i musikterapi, ett ämne som är sparsamt beskrivet i litteraturen. En kort beskrivning av musikterapi som klinisk och aka- demisk disciplin ges, och en litteraturgenomgång görs av några böcker kring sam- talsmetodik och det lilla som finns skrivet om samtal i musikterapi. Studien byg- ger på tre musikterapisessioner arrangerade speciellt för studien och intervjuer med de tre musikterapeuterna. Sessionerna filmades och intervjuerna spelades in och skrevs ut. Det är en kvalitativ studie upplagd som en experimentell, instru- mentell, flerfaldig fallstudie. Det teoretiska perspektivet är hermeneutik och ana- lysmetoden hermeneutisk tolkningsanalys. Analysen av filmerna är inspirerad av fenomenologi. I uppsatsen ges en beskrivning i kondenserad form av de tre mu- sikterapisessionerna och intervjuerna sammanfattas. Därefter redogörs för analys- resultatet som framstår som tvådelat. Första delen är en tematisering av de verbala interventioner som förekommer under de studerade sessionerna. Interventionerna tematiseras som frågor, andra interventioner, tystnad, paradoxer och omformule- ringar, metaforer och tolkningar. Hur de talar om musik lyfts fram i ett särskilt avsnitt. Andra delen är ett utforskande av vilka funktioner samtalen tycks ha un- der dessa sessioner. Tanken prövas att de kan; leda till ökad trygghet, som i sin tur kan leda till att ett verkligt möte kan uppstå; fördjupa klientens upplevelse; tyd- liggöra klientens livsberättelse. / This thesis is about verbal dialogue in music therapy, a subject which is seldom discussed in the literature. A short description of music therapy as a clinical and academic discipline is presented, and a survey is made of some of the literature on methodology in professional dialogues and what little has been written about dia- logue in music therapy. The study is based on three music therapy sessions ar- ranged especially for the purpose and interviews with the three therapists. The sessions were filmed and the interviews were recorded and copied out. It is a qualitative study, constructed as an experimental, instrumental, multiple case study. The theoretical perspective is hermeneutic and the method of analysis used was hermeneutic interpretation analysis. The method used to analyze the films was inspired by phenomenology. In the thesis the three music therapy sessions are described in condensed form and the interviews are summarized. This is followed by an analysis of the result which appears to fall into two parts. The first section is a thematisation of the verbal interventions that occur during the sessions. The interventions are thematised as questions, other interventions, silence, paradoxes and rephrasings, metaphors and interpretations. A special section is devoted to theway the therapists talk about music. The second part of the analysis explores the functions that the verbal dialogues seem to have had during the sessions. The the- ory tested is that they can; lead to a greater feeling of security, which in its turn can lead to a genuine encounter; deepen the client’s experience; clarify the cli- ent’s life story.