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Die Studie befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten der ländlichen Entwicklung zur Unterstützung eines dezentralen Hochwasserschutzes. Sie basiert vorrangig auf der Beschaffung, Aufbereitung und Auswertung entsprechender Fachliteratur. Darüber hinaus wurden wasserbauliche- und landeskulturelle Maßnahmen, die im Rahmen der ländlichen Entwicklung in Sachsen realisiert wurden, hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für den Hochwasserschutz bewertet. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zu erosionsmindernden Bodenbearbeitungsverfahren, die in die Studie einflossen, wurden hausintern vom Fachbereich 4 – Pflanzliche Erzeugung, Referat Bodenkultur, zur Verfügung gestellt. Die zusammengetragenen Inhalte bilden die fachliche Basis zur Anfertigung von Informationsmaterial über die Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme auf den vorbeugenden Hochwasserschutz durch die Akteure des ländlichen Raumes (landwirtschaftliche Unternehmen, Grundeigentümer, Gemeinden, Zweckverbände, Teilnehmergemeinschaften u. a.).

The effectiveness of temporary flood protection is highly variable depending on the location, application, and the nature of flood events. This thesis evaluates sand-filled geotextile containers used as flood protection products within a framework of standardized tests. Specifically, Syn-Tex Wave Breakers and Super Sandbags are tested in both laboratory and field settings to quantify seepage rates, stability and durability. This allows informed decisions to be made regarding appropriate applications for each temporary flood protection product, and identifies areas for product improvement and development. The products tested performed well over the range of loading conditions applied. Large sand-filled geotextiles would be well-suited for situations where stakeholders have a low tolerance for risk, and there is adequate site access for the construction equipment required for installation. An ideal installation would be a long, relatively straight stretch where vertical product/wall and product/product interfaces can be minimized.

The soaring number of natural hazards in recent years due largely to climate change has resulted in an even higher level of investment in flood protection structures. However, such investments tend to be made in the aftermath of disasters. Very little is known about the proactive planning of flood protection investments that account for uncertainties associated with flooding events. Understanding the uncertainties such as “when” to invest on these structures to achieve the most optimal cost-saving amount is outmost important. This study fills this large knowledge gap by developing an investment decision-making assessment framework that determines an optimal timing of flood protection investment options. It combines real options with a net present value analysis to examine managerial flexibility in various investment timing options. Historical data that contain information about river water discharges were leveraged as a random variable in the modeling framework because it may help investors better understand the probability of extreme events, and particularly, flooding uncertainties. A lattice model was then used to investigate potential alternatives of investment timing and to evaluate the benefits of delaying investments in each case. The efficacy of the proposed framework was demonstrated by an illustrative example of flood protection investment. The framework will be used to help better inform decision makers.

Die Studie befasst sich mit den Möglichkeiten der ländlichen Entwicklung zur Unterstützung eines dezentralen Hochwasserschutzes. Sie basiert vorrangig auf der Beschaffung, Aufbereitung und Auswertung entsprechender Fachliteratur. Darüber hinaus wurden wasserbauliche- und landeskulturelle Maßnahmen, die im Rahmen der ländlichen Entwicklung in Sachsen realisiert wurden, hinsichtlich ihrer Eignung für den Hochwasserschutz bewertet. Aktuelle Forschungsergebnisse zu erosionsmindernden Bodenbearbeitungsverfahren, die in die Studie einflossen, wurden hausintern vom Fachbereich 4 – Pflanzliche Erzeugung, Referat Bodenkultur, zur Verfügung gestellt. Die zusammengetragenen Inhalte bilden die fachliche Basis zur Anfertigung von Informationsmaterial über die Möglichkeiten der Einflussnahme auf den vorbeugenden Hochwasserschutz durch die Akteure des ländlichen Raumes (landwirtschaftliche Unternehmen, Grundeigentümer, Gemeinden, Zweckverbände, Teilnehmergemeinschaften u. a.).

Flood risk analysis is the instrument for utility managers to create a sound strategy and adaptation plans into their communities. Local municipalities are being continuously challenged every year by the impacts of climate change. The need to develop a screening tool to analyze watersheds and find risk areas is the goal of this research. Open source high-quality data is allowing climate scientists to create innovative ways to study watersheds when performing spatial analysis for inundation areas. The development procedures for a screening tool involved combining readily available data on topography, groundwater, surface water, tidal information for coastal communities, soils, open space, and rainfall data. All efforts to help develop a planning level framework that allows investigators to target the optimal set of outcomes for a given community. This framework appears to be viable across cities that may be inundated with water due to sea-level rise, rainfall, runoff upstream, and other natural events. / Includes bibliography. / Thesis (M.S.)--Florida Atlantic University, 2020. / FAU Electronic Theses and Dissertations Collection

This thesis begins with the study of a highly integrated agricultural system called dike-pond system in Pearl River Delta, South China. From the study, two aspects of dike-pond system are found interesting. One is the material flow in the system which makes full use of the by-products. The other is the function of preventing flooding by protecting crops on the dike and increasing water storage capacity with ponds. Duplicating the system to other parts of world seems impossible because of the weather conditions, technical requirements to operate the system and its intensive labor requirement. However, in a broader view, it seems possible to apply the concepts of reusing "waste" and preventing flood to other places. With the inspiration of this system, this thesis studies how the concept might be adapted to Washington Metropolitan area. Several specific questions are critical to the inquiry: How to integrate different components into a system according to local situation? How to produce multiple products that feedback into the flow of materials and resources just like dike-pond system? How to reuse 'waste' or forgotten resources? How to prevent floods without using an engineered flood wall? How to create a place that people can have different fishing experiences in urban region? How to provide a habitat for urban wildlife? My thesis addressed these questions through a design for a public space along the downstream of Four Mile Run in Arlington, Virginia. With design criteria derived from case studies and literature review, this project aims to control floods, cycle organic matter in wetlands, ponds and farm fields, provide fishing places, fish habitat, open spaces... All in an integrated system with little waste and a wise reuse of the "waste" water. / Master of Landscape Architecture

This document presents a sketch of the engineering and legal considerations necessary to implement a distributed storage flood mitigation system in Iowa. This document first presents the results of a simulation done to assess the advantages of active storage reservoirs over passive reservoirs for flood mitigation. Next, this paper considers how forecasts improve the operation of a single reservoir in preventing floods. After demonstrating the effectiveness of accurate forecasts on a single active storage reservoir, this thesis moves on to a discussion of distributed storage with the idea that the advantages of active reservoirs with accurate forecasting could be applied to the distributed storage system. The analysis of distributed storage begins with a determination of suitable locations for reservoirs in the Clear Creek Watershed, near Coralville, Iowa, using two separate algorithms. The first algorithm selected the reservoirs based on the highest average reservoir depth, while the second located reservoirs based on maximizing the storage in two specific travel bands within the watershed. This paper also discusses the results of a land cover analysis on the reservoirs, determining that, based on the land cover inundated, several reservoirs would cause too much damage to be practical. The ultimate goal of a distributed storage system is to use the reservoirs to protect an urban area from significant flood damage. For this thesis, the Clear Creek data were extrapolated to the Cedar River basin with the intention to evaluate the feasibility and gain a rough approximation of the requirements for a distributed storage system to protect Cedar Rapids. Discussion then centered on an approximation of the distributed storage system that could have prevented the catastrophic Flood of 2008 in Cedar Rapids. There is significant potential for a distributed storage system to be a cost effective way of protecting Cedar Rapids from future flooding on the scale of the Flood of 2008. However, more analysis is needed to more accurately determine the costs and benefits of a distributed storage system in the Cedar River basin. This paper also recommends that a large scale distributed storage system should be controlled by an entity be created within the Iowa Department of Natural Resources. A smaller distributed storage system could be managed by a soil and water conservation subdistrict. Iowa allows for condemnation of the land needed for the gate structures and the flowage easements necessary to build and operate a distributed storage system. Finally, this paper discusses the environmental law concerns with a distributed storage system, particularly the Clean Water Act requirement for a National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit.

Our world is drastically changing. Temperatures are rising, skies over cities are blanketed with smoke, and melting glaciers are raising sea levels at alarming rates. Although the destruction we face is already threatening the quality of life for billions around the world, it could just be the beginning. What is projected to come in the future could be catastrophic. It is crucial to realize that climate change is already happening. One of the main concerns relating to climate change is that as the polar ice caps continue to melt, rising water will invade our coastal cities around the world. In accordance with sea level projection maps, sea levels will rise 20 feet1, and major cities like Miami, Shanghai, Calcutta, and Manhattan will be completely submerged2. We must ask ourselves: How can we avoid a mass migration as water levels invade our homes and cities? Instead of retreating inland, adaptation strategies should be devised. This proposal will explore how homes and cities should respond to sea level increase through the implementation of a new architectural typology-Aquatecture. Aquatecture is defined as an architectural adaptation typology used to mitigate and manage flooding (long and short term). With this typology, water and architectural design can unite to produce dynamic and reliable mitigation solutions. The main course of action involves redefining three main living systems: a home, a neighborhood, and a residential tower to resist destruction of rising water levels and to continue city-town-home inhabitation. In addition to adaptable building design, supporting systems will be integrated throughout affected areas. Systems such as alternative energy production, alternative farming, mixed-used industry, alternative transportation, and water filtration zones will be incorporated. With the help of Aquatecture, alternatives to abandoning our coastal cities are provided. Due to the flexibility of site location that Aquatecture allows, this intervention can serve as a long- term solution and standard of living within current and projected flood prone areas around the world. 1 “An Inconvenient Truth.” Motion Picture. Paramount, 2006. 2 Ibid

Das LfULG nutzt seit mehreren Jahren das Prozessmodell EROSION 3D im Rahmen seiner fachlichen Forschungs- und Beratungstätigkeit zur Untersuchung abfluss- und bodenschutzbezogener Fragestellungen. In einem Forschungsprojekt wurden in der Entwicklung befindliche Prozesskomponenten des Modells EROSION 3D bezüglich der Simulation des hochwasserrelevanten Oberflächenabflusses geprüft. In drei sächsischen Einzugsgebieten wurden der Mehrschicht-Infiltrationsansatz und der Abflussretentions- und -translationsansatz der EROSION 3D-Versionen 3.11 und 3.14 anhand realer Niederschlags-Abfluss-Ereignisse getestet. Gleichzeitig werden Möglichkeiten einer Weiterentwicklung aufgezeigt, um eine operationalisierte Nutzung des Modells in der planerischen Praxis in Zukunft im Bereich der Oberflächenabflussabschätzung zu ermöglichen. Das primäre Ziel der Validierung lag in der Aufdeckung von Modellsensitivitäten und möglichen Fehlerquellen, die entweder durch die Parametrisierung, die Prozessabbildung oder unvollständiges Anwenderwissen bedingt sind. Ein weiterer Schwerpunkt lag in der Optimierung der Modellergebnisse durch Verbesserung der Eingangsdaten. Das vorliegende Heft der Schriftenreihe enthält die Ergebnisse des Forschungsprojektes und wendet sich vorrangig an Anwender des Programms EROSION 3D.