The thesis aims to deconstruct the traditional dualities between design and use and blend the boundaries between them. It characterises design as a process that is complex, dynamic, and integral to other processes, such as use. The thesis utilises Latour's concept of the collective. Although this concept has been applied to architectural contexts in previous studies, this thesis expands the collective to include actors of use. The thesis elaborates on the inscription and description of technologies inspired by Akrich (1992). It shows how the collective is shaped and reshaped through such processes. Building parallels with previous studies, it analyses the importance of fluidity and fluid actors in de-scribing technologies and reshaping the collectives. The thesis utilises the case of Masdar City, which has been designed in the UK by the architectural and urban planning firm Foster + Partners and implemented in the Middle East, specifically in the United Arab Emirates. The thesis focuses on its first developed stage represented by Masdar Institute of Science and Technology (MIST). Based on a qualitative and inductive approach, the conducted research utilises interviews and site observations with the designers, users, and other main contributors. Through this approach, the thesis reflects on the concept of sustainability that is itself contested, changeable, and vague. The thesis concludes that sustainable design processes should be seen as continuous loops between design and use. In acknowledging this, it is further suggested that concepts such as the living laboratory, which support the adaptation of designs and learning from use, are adopted at the outset in architectural production.

ALes travaux présentés sont une contribution à l’élaboration de composites à matrices thermoplastiques (TP) par un procédé de type Liquid Composite Molding non réactif pour l’industrie automobile. La thèse a été effectuée dans le cadre du projet ANR TAPAS (ThermoplAstic Process for Automotive composite Structure) et s’est focalisée sur la mise en œuvre de plaques composites en renfort continu injectées avec des matrices polyamides 6,6 (PA 6,6) de hautes fluidités par Resin Transfer Molding. Le premier objectif est porté sur l’optimisation des cadences d’injection à travers l’étude de la perméabilité de préformes unidirectionnelles (UD) en fibres de verre et à hauts modules mécaniques. L’architecture de ces UD a ainsi été modifiée de manière à faciliter les écoulements. La perméabilité des différents tissus a pu être évaluée par un couplage entre des mesures expérimentales et une modélisation analytique basée sur un raisonnement à deux échelles de pores : l’écoulement intra et inter-torons. Le deuxième objectif sur lequel les travaux de thèse se sont concentrés s’est reposé sur la maitrise de l’état d’imprégnation par le bais d’une étude complète sur les phénomènes qui se déroulent à l’interface entre la fibre et la matrice à haute température. Plusieurs viscosités et formulations du PA 6,6 ainsi qu’un traitement appliqué sur le verre ont pu être caractérisés et discutés en termes de mouillabilité et d’adhésion. Enfin, la dernière partie du manuscrit présente les résultats obtenus sur les plaques mises en œuvre par RTM-TP en injection in-plane. Les conditions optimales de fonctionnement ainsi que les aspects de saturation, de santé matière et des propriétés mécaniques sont ensuite présentés et discutés. / The present work is a contribution to the thermoplastic composites manufacturing by a non-reactive Liquid Composite Molding process for the automotive industry. The thesis was carried out by the « ANR TAPAS » project (Thermoplastic Process for Automotive Composite Structure) and was focused on the elaboration of continious-fiber reinforced composites plates injected with a high-fluidity polyamide 6,6 (PA 6,6) by the Resin Transfer Molding process. The first goal was focused on increasing injection rates through the study of the in-plane permeability of unidirectional (UD) glass fiber fabrics with high mechanical modulus (HM). Experiments and modelling results showed that the permeability of these UD has been enhanced by modifying specific structural parameters of their architecture. The analytical model developped and used is based on a flow distribution according two differents scales of porosity : in and inter-yarns. The second part of the work was focused on the understanding of phenomenas that take place at the interface created between glass fiber and the matrix during the impregnation step. The wettability and adhesion of molten PA 6,6 dropped on a glass substrate is studied at different processing temperature. The last part introduce the thermoplastic composite plates elaborated by RTM-TP process. The optimum operating conditions as well as preforms saturation and mechanical properties are also studied and discussed.

El Proyecto se ubica en el distrito de Pachacamac teniendo funciones educacionales y vivienda. El objetivo del proyecto es forma un ambiente que ayude al crecimiento del usuario, los niños en abandono. Dándole la oportunidad de socializar con otros niños y con ayuda de su padre sustituto entender que es una familia. El proyecto también busca apoyar la activación de la zona relacionándose con el entorno que lo rodea. / The Project is in the district of Pachacamac having educational functions and housing. The goal of the project is to form an environment that helps the growth of the user, the abandoned children. Giving her the opportunity to socialize with other children and with the help of her surrogate parent understand that it is a family. The project also seeks to support the activation of the area by relating to the surrounding environment. / Tesis

Polymersomes are at the leading edge of biomedical and nanoparticle research. In order to get closer insights into their mechanical properties, the bilayer forming them needs to be studied thoroughly. Here, we report on the bilayer formation, swelling behaviour, rigidity and fluidity of our membranes derived from pH sensitive and photo-cross-linkable polymersomes.

This study is a symmetrical ethnography of the Czech development project Kola pro Afriku (Czech Bikes for Gambian Schools), which involves the collection, repairs, modification and shipment of old Czech bicycles to The Gambia. Once there, they are distributed to partner schools and offered to communing pupils. In my research, I mainly focus on the pivotal technology of the project, bicycles, and their performances. Drawing on classic ethnographies of development and (most importantly) on studies based on the actor-network theory (ANT), I gradually explore the bike collection process, their modifications and repairs, their shipment to The Gambia and their local operations. When doing so, I focus on the social topology of the bicycles and its transformations in the timespace. In this regard, the bicycles gradually appear as junk (i.e. a dysfunctional relict of stabilized networks), as a fluid collectivity and as individually fluid. Thereby, this study shows that technology transfers may lead not only to changes in the set of relations, of which the given object consists, but in the very modes, in which those relations arise. It is precisely these topological transformations that significantly contribute to the functioning of the project Kola pro Afriku. Key words: development cooperation,...

El Relleno Fluido o también conocido como Material Controlado de Baja Resistencia (CLSM por sus siglas en inglés) vienen siendo requeridos sobre todo en épocas de pandemia por el COVID-19 en lugar del relleno compactado, debido a su gran facilidad y rapidez para los rellenos de cavidades de zanjas, tanto en redes de agua, desagüe y alcantarillado, relleno de cimentaciones de edificios y puentes, entre las principales aplicaciones. El presente estudio contempla el desarrollo de mezclas con contenidos de cemento Portland tipo I de 60 a 90 kg/m3 para rangos de resistencia a compresión entre 5 a 15 kg/cm2 a 28 días, con agregados de la cantera Tinguiña de Ica, y aditivo agente espumante para conferir la fluidez y trabajabilidad necesaria que facilite su colocación en obra. Resultados satisfactorios de fluidez entre 9 ½” a 10 ½” y pérdida de fluidez promedio de 2”/ hora, y rangos de resistencia de hasta 24 kg/cm2 fueron obtenidos, los cuales permitieron un buen comportamiento costo beneficio tanto en ahorro económico, y tiempo de ejecución propuesto para un proyecto real de saneamiento en la ciudad de Ica. Asimismo, gracias a la aplicación de las mezclas de Relleno Fluido propuestas, se preservará el distanciamiento social durante su empleo en obra, dado que solo requiere de una persona para su aplicación en los rellenos de zanjas. / Flowable Fill or also known as Controlled Low Resistance Material (CLSM) have been required especially in times of pandemic by COVID-19 instead of traditional compacted fill, due to its great ease and speed for fillings works of trench cavities, both in water and wastewater networks, filling for foundations in buildings and bridges, among the main applications. The present study contemplates the development of mixtures with Portland cement type I from 60 to 90 kg / m3 for 28 days compressive strength ranges between 5 to 15 kg / cm2, coarse and fine aggregates from the Tinguiña quarry, in Ica city, and foaming agent chemical admixture to provide the adequate fluidity and workability to cast in place at the job site. Satisfactory fluidity results between 9 ½ ” to 10 ½” and average fluidity loss ratio of 2 ”/ hour, and compressive strength ranges of until 24 kg/cm2 were obtained, which a good cost-benefit performance both in economic savings, and execution time for a proposed sanitation project in the city of Ica. Likewise, thanks to the application of the proposed flowable fill mixtures, social distancing will be preserved during its use on site, because it only requires one person to apply it in the trench fillings. / Tesis

El presente proyecto aporta una investigación de un Museo Aeronáutico Interactivo sobre la historia de la Fuerza Aérea del Perú, manteniendo y reciclando lo que fue en su momento fue el “Alma Mater” de la Institución, el Pabellón Central de Cadetes de la Escuela de Oficiales e implementando nuevos espacios. El proyecto se dará en la Base Aérea de Las Palmas, frente a su Plaza de Armas, en el distrito limeño de Santiago de Surco. En primer lugar, se analizarán las problemáticas y los objetivos de la tipología escogida, se estudiará el funcionamiento de los museos aeronáuticos existentes en el Perú, con la finalidad de obtener un mejor resultado al final del proyecto. También se realizará una investigación para entender como fue evolucionando esta clase de museos, se hará comparación con proyectos referenciales que se han ido construyendo a lo largo del tiempo; tanto, dentro del país como en el exterior. Finalmente, con todo este análisis elaborado se busca obtener toda la información necesaria para elaborar el primer Museo Aeronáutico Interactivo donde los visitantes puedan disfrutar, aprender y difundir toda la información captada dentro de la infraestructura a través de nuevos métodos de exhibición y demostración. Dicho Museo llenará un vacío cultural, que incentivará a los ciudadanos a conocer más sobre la historia, valores y evolución de la aviación y la Fuerza Aérea del Perú, así como los grandes héroes que dieron su vida para que nuestro país saliera adelante; así como su compromiso con nuestra nación y sus valores. / The present project provides an investigation about an Aeronautical Interactive Museum about the history of the Peruvian Air Force, maintaining and recycling what was in its time the “Alma Mater” of the institution, the center hall of the School of Cadets and Officers and implementing new areas. The project will take place in the Airbase of Las Palmas, in front of the Plaza de Armas, in the district of Santiago de Surco. The first step is to analyze the problems and objects of the chosen subject; we will study the functioning of the existing aeronautical museums in Peru, with the finality of obtaining a better result with the project. An investigation will also be realized to better understand how this type of museum evolved, and a comparison with referential projects that have been built throughout, both in and out of the country. Finally, with the analysis elaborated we look to obtain all the necessary information to create the first Interactive Aeronautical Museum where visitors can enjoy, learn, and spread all the knowledge captured inside the infrastructure throughout the new the methods of exhibition and demonstration. Said museum will fill visitors with culture that will incentivize citizens to know more about the history, values, and evolution of the Peruvian Air Force, just like the biggest heroes gave their lives for our country to keep going, just like their commitment with our nation and their values. / Tesis

Les pièces peintes de pièces extérieures automobiles doivent être réalisées en matériaux respectueux de l’environnement qui combinent à la fois fluidité, propriétés mécaniques et aspect visuel. Dans ce contexte, un polypropylène homopolymère conventionnel (PP) a été extrudé et mélangé de manière homogène avec un PP extrêmement fluide, contenant des espèces réactives dans le but d’augmenter la fluidité du mélange final. Ce procédé réactif a ensuite été appliqué à une formulation commerciale automobile de « PP choc » contenant un copolymère d’Ethylène Propylène Rubber (EPR). Une étude rhéologique a permis de modéliser l’évolution de la viscosité en fonction de la composition du mélange. Néanmoins, l’augmentation de la fluidité s’accompagne d’une diminution de la résistance au choc. De manière à faire face à la perte de propriétés mécaniques, l’utilisation d’élastomères thermoplastiques spécifiques a permis d‘augmenter la résilience au choc et l’allongement à la rupture tout en obtenant une fluidité quatre fois supérieure à celle du matériau original. Les aspects rhéologiques, thermomécaniques et morphologiques ont été soigneusement étudiés afin d’établir des relations entre la structure et les propriétés. Dans un second temps, une étude de la mise en peinture des pièces en polyoléfines injectées a été réalisée. Comme la nature hydrophobe du polypropylène ne permet pas une bonne adhésion du revêtement sur sa surface, son activation par flammage est requise. Les effets de différents paramètres (comme la vitesse, la hauteur ou le rapport air-gaz de la flamme) sont étudiés en termes de mouillabilité et d’adhésion du feuil de peinture. Ensuite, des essais aux échelles laboratoires et industrielles ont révélé un défaut du système peint lorsque le polymère possède une quantité importante de talc. L’impact de cette charge sur les propriétés rhéologiques, thermiques et mécaniques du matériau a été étudié. Il a été observé que le cisaillement sur une formulation dont la matrice polymère n’a pas d’affinité particulière avec la surface du talc est responsable d’un délaminage dans le substrat. Pour améliorer l’interface talc-matrice, l’ajout de copolymères fonctionnalisés d’anhydride maléique a permis d’augmenter le niveau d’interactions. Cet effet a été mis en évidence grâce à l’étude des propriétés rhéologiques et mécaniques du système. / Automotive painted exterior car parts have to be made of eco-friendly materials combining fluidity, mechanical properties and visual aspects. In this context, a conventional polypropylene (PP) homopolymer has been extruded and homogeneously blended with an extremely high flow PP, containing reactive species to increase the fluidity of the resulting material. The reactive process was then applied to an automotive high impact PP/Ethylene Propylene Rubber (EPR) formulation and rheological studies allowed us to model the evolution of viscosity as a function of the blend composition. Nevertheless, the increase of fluidity induces a lack of impact resistance. In order to cope with the loss of mechanical properties, the use of a specific thermoplastic elastomers allowed to successfully emphasize impact resilience and strain at break while reaching a viscosity four times lower than the one of the original material. Rheological, thermomechanical and morphological aspects were examined carefully to establish structure-properties relationships. In a second time, a study of the painting of automotive car parts, made of injected polyolefins was carried out. As the hydrophobic nature of polypropylene does not allow a good adhesion between the coating and the polymer surface, the surface activation by flame treatment is required. The effects of different parameters (such as speed, height or air to fuel ratio of the flame) were studied in terms of wettability and coating adhesion. Then, lab-scale as well as pre-industrial experiments revealed defaults of the painted systems when the polymer was highly filled with talc. Then, the impact of the filler on the rheological, thermal and mechanical properties was studied. It was observed that the effects of shear on a formulation where the polymer matrix has no particular physical affinity with the talc surface are responsible of delamination. To enhance the talc-matrix interface, the addition of maleated copolymers pointed out that maleated copolymers increase the level of interactions and lead to a more homogeneous behavior, as revealed by studying both rheological and mechanical properties.

The subject of diploma thesis is cycle of paintings, animation and video. This work is based on the operation system error. I focusing on well know phenomen of freezing computer and follow layering of system windows over themselves. Due to an error may arise aesthetic shape, which may refer to geometric abstraction. On this phenomenon interested me especially the elementary aspects of painting, building space on surface, geometry, movement and shape.

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