Orientador: Manoel Henrique Salgado / Banca: Gladys Dorotea Cacsire Barriga / Banca: Pedro Carlos Oprime / Resumo: No moderno mundo dos negócios a qualidade dos produtos e serviços tem sido um fator fundamental na sobrevivência das empresas, visto que os clientes estão se tornando cada vez mais exigentes nas características de qualidade dos bens que lhes são de interesse. Em função desses aspectos as empresas têm intensificado a utilização de ferramentas que proporcionem componentes ou procedimentos com padrão de qualidade que tornem seus produtos e/ou serviços competitivos. Desta forma, este trabalho teve como objetivo discutir a utilização do conjunto de procedimentos relativos ao CEP (Controle Estatístico de Processo) em 110 artigos científicos que mostram situações reais em algumas empresas brasileiras (100) e internacionais (10). Para tanto se utilizou a técnica da bibliometria acessando bases científicas de dados. Discutiram-se também, por meio de um estudo de caso, dificuldades encontradas para implantação do CEP em uma indústria do setor alimentício onde a variável Peso (g) foi monitorada. A pesquisa indicou os seguintes resultados: Quanto à análise dos artigos, revelaram-se os autores mais citados, as palavras-chave mais frequentes e outras características sobre CEP. Destaque, principalmente nos artigos nacionais, a desconexão entre Método e Resultados, no sentido de que muitas vezes o autor não relata no método o que apresenta nos resultados. No estudo de caso observou-se um processo com grande variabilidade nos pesos, indicando perdas em função do valor médio do processo estar muito acima do valor especificado. Perceberam-se no final da linha de produção, diferenças nos pesos em relação às posições de saída dos ítens produzidos, indicando algum problema em um equipamento da linha, no caso um cilindro. A implementação do CEP na empresa, dentro dos conceitos emitidos pela literatura, depende inicialmente de correções neste equipamento. A literatura indica que interferênciaem função de alarmes... / Abstract: In the modern world of businesses the quality of the products and services have been a key factor in the survival of the businesses, as the clients are becoming increasingly demanding in the characteristics of quality of the goods that are interesting for them. Given this aspects businesses have been intensifying the usage of tools that provide components or procedures with standard quality that makes their products and/or services competitive. In such way, this work had as goal to discuss the utilization of the set of procedures relative to the SPC (Statistical process control) in 110 scientific articles that show real situations of some Brazilian companies (100) and international (10). Therefore a bibliometric technique was used accessing the scientific databases. Also, it had been discussed, via a study of the case, difficulties found for the implantation of the SPC in an industry of the food sector where the variable Weight (g) was monitored. The research indicated the following resutls: Regarding the analyses of the articles, it has been revelaled that more quoted author, the more frequent keywords and other characteristics about the SPC. Emphasis, mainly in the national articles, the disconnection between the Method and Results, in order that many times the author do not report in the method what is presented in the Results. In the study of the case it had been observed that a process with big variable o the weights, indicating loses in function of the medium price of the process being higher than the specified price. It was noticed that at the end of the production line a significant different in relation to the leaving positions of the produced items, indicating some problem in the equipment of the line, in the case, a cylinder. The implementation of the SPC in the industry, within the concepts presented in the literature, initially depends on corrections this equipment. The literature indicates that interference due to false... / Mestre

O trabalho investiga o aumento da participação de investimentos estrangeiros diretos (IED) na indústria brasileira de alimentos. Além de conferir ao Brasil importante papel em atrair IED para o Mercosul, esse fluxo de investimento tem causado importantes modificações no arranjo industrial brasileiro. Aumento da concorrência, novas estratégias, mudanças no número de pessoal ocupado na indústria são alguns dos resultados mais marcantes. Investigar as razões de entrada, encontradas principalmente nas características do mercado brasileiro, os impactos na indústria local e sinalizar os efeitos de longo prazo dessas mudanças recentes são o objetivo principal deste trabalho. / The work investigates the increased share of foreign direct investments (FDI) in the Brazilian food industry. In addition to conferring on Brazil the important role of attracting FDI to Mercosur, this flow of investment has caused important changes in the Brazilian industrial arrangement. An increase in competition, new strategies, changes in the number of people occupied in the industry are a few of the more remarkable results. The main objective of this work is to investigate the reasons of entry, encountered mainly in the characteristics of the Brazilian market, and the impacts on the local industry, and to signal the long-run effects of these recent changes.

O objetivo desta pesquisa foi realizar um estudo empírico acerca dos efeitos da dificuldade de adequação às exigências técnicas no desempenho exportador das empresas da indústria de alimentos. Procurou-se identificar quais são as exigências técnicas que oferecem maior dificuldade para as empresas que exportam alimentos e quais características da empresa podem influenciar essa dificuldade. Foi conduzido um levantamento de dados por meio de um questionário enviado por e-mail a 400 empresas. Destas, 117 empresas retornaram o questionário corretamente preenchido. As respostas dos questionários foram analisadas por meio de técnicas estatísticas multivariadas como análise fatorial e árvores de classificação multivariada, além de modelos econométricos. A partir dos resultados obtidos constatou-se que, para as empresas que exportam alimentos, a dificuldade para adequar os produtos e processos às especificações técnicas (adequação da planta e do processo de produção, testes de conformidade, segurança do alimento, características do produto e requisitos de meio-ambiente) é maior do que para exigência de requerimento de informação (rotulagem, embalagem, rastreabilidade e requisitos nos portos de entrada). As características da empresa que podem influenciar essa dificuldade são: categoria de produtos, tamanho e adoção de normas internacionais. As empresas que exportam Carnes e Peixes frescos e processados têm maior dificuldade de adequação às exigências técnicas do que aquelas que exportam outros tipos de alimentos. As micro e pequenas empresas também apresentam maior dificuldade para adaptar os produtos e processos às exigências técnicas, relativamente às grandes empresas. As empresas que são certificadas para normas internacionais também apresentam maior dificuldade de adequação. Verificou-se também que quanto maior a dificuldade percebida pelas empresas melhor o seu desempenho exportador (percentual da exportação sobre as vendas totais). / This research analyzes how the effects of the difficulties that food industry faces to adapt to the export technical standards affects its export performance. In addition, it aims to identify which technical requirements most affect the food industry and which characteristics most influence them. The data was collected in a survey with 117 firms and analyzed by multivariate statistical techniques such as factorial analysis, multivariate classification trees and econometric models. It was found that for food exporter firms, it is more difficult to adjust products and processes to technical specifications (plant and production process requirements, conformity assessment procedures, food safety, product characteristics and environmental requirements) than to information requirements (labeling, packaging, traceability and requirements at ports of entry). The firms characteristics that might influence the adjustment difficulties are: types of exported products, firm dimension and the adoption of international standards. Firms which export \"Meat and Fish, fresh and processed\" find it more difficult to meet technical requirements than those which export other types of food. Micro and small firms also have more difficulty to adjust their products and processes to technical requirements than larger firms. Certified firms for international standards also have greater adjustment difficulties. Finally, it was found that the greater adjustment difficulty, the better the firms exportation performance (calculated as the percentage of exports over total sales).

O setor supermercadista sofreu grandes alterações nos últimos anos, principalmente com o avanço das tecnologias, a competição, a concentração e algumas insuficiências em seus processos. Estes e outros fatores favoreceram ao surgimento do movimento de ECR (Resposta de Consumidor Eficiente) que procura criar um relacionamento mais forte entre indústria e varejo através de novas visões para suas estratégias operacionais. A evolução das tecnologias de informação permitiram ao setor varejista gerar uma maior volume de dados a partir, principalmente, de seus check-outs. Entretanto, estes dados nem sempre são armazenados de forma correta ou utilizados de forma a se aproveitar a plenitude das informações neles contidas. O processo de transformar os dados em informação e conhecimento vem evoluindo constantemente. Uma das atuais metodologias de trabalhar dados é o Data Mining ou Mineração de Dados, que pode ser descrito como sendo uma variedade de ferramentas e estratégias que processam dados aumentando a utilidade destes em bancos de dados. Este trabalho analisa através de um estudo multicaso exploratório na região de Ribeirão Preto, no interior de São Paulo, a avaliação da capacidade do uso da tecnologia Data Mining para o fortalecimento do movimento ECR, principalmente em pequenos e médios varejistas e indústrias alimentícias, no sentido de oferecer a estes um diferencial de negociação para formação de alianças estratégias. / The Supermarket sector suffered great changes in the last years, mainly with the development of technologies, competition, concentration and some inefficiency in its processes. These and other factors had emerged the sprouting of ECR (Efficient Consumer Response) that creates a stronger relationship between the industry and the retail, through new vision for its operational strategies. The information technology evolution allowed the retail sector to generate a lager volume of data from, mainly, its checkouts. However, this data is not always stored in a correct form or used in a way to be completely profited. The process to transform the data in information and knowledge is developing constantly. One of the actual methodologies to work the data is the Data Mining, which can be described as a variety of tools and strategies that process data, maximizing the utility of these data base. This report analyzes through an exploratory multicase study in the Ribeirão Preto region, in the interior of São Paulo state, the capacity evaluation of Data Mining technology for the strengthening of ECR, especially in small and medium retail and food industries, in the direction to offer a differential of negotiation for the formation of strategic alliances.

Thesis (Master of Engineering in Chemical Engineering)--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2018. / Approximately 9 million tonnes of food waste is generated annually in South Africa. Its treatment, including treatment of confectionery waste, is costly because of the high chemical oxygen demand (COD) loads; as a result much of this waste is sent to landfill. South Africa’s confectionery industry contributes to a significant proportion of the country’s economy. Among the confectionery waste entering landfills are defective material, expired sweets and returns. This high COD waste can create breeding grounds for pathogenic microorganisms and anaerobic methanogens, causing negative environmental impacts. Part of the Department of Science and Technology (DST) Waste Research, Development and Innovation (RD&I) roadmap initiative is to minimise waste entering landfills by identifying waste sources from which to produce value that will contribute to social and economic growth. Confectionery waste has a high sugar content which can be used for feedstock to bioprocesses. By placing this bioproduction into a waste biorefinery framework, bio-based raw materials can be used to produce competitively priced products with low environmental impact, thereby optimising remediation and value generation simultaneously. Ongoing research at the Centre for Bioprocess Engineering Research (CeBER) at the University of Cape Town has shown that a wastewater biorefinery approach can use wastewater as feedstock for the generation of products of value. Previous studies have investigated potential products of value based on nutrient loads found in wastewater as well as the nature of the product. Among the organisms selected was the Bacillus species, producing the potential product poly-γ-glutamic acid (PGA), an extracellular poly-amino acid when there is an excess of nutrients. Similarly, this product could potentially be produced from sugar-rich waste candy. The aim of this study was to explore the use of hard candy waste as a feedstock for PGA, and Bacillus licheniformis JCM 2505 was selected as it was characterised in terms of the nutrients needed. The most attractive attribute of this strain was that it did not need L-glutamic acid to synthesise PGA but could do so from sugar. L-glutamic acid is costly. Using a cheaper nitrogen alternative would make the process more cost effective. To investigate this potential, the confectionery waste was characterised to identify the nutrients, namely, sugars, organic nitrogen and key trace elements needed for cell function and PGA production. Results showed that the nitrogen content and trace element concentrations were insignificant, as it was determined that the waste consisted mostly of sucrose. This therefore had to be supplemented with a basal medium containing the supplementation needed for cell function and PGA production. The growth of B. licheniformis was profiled in Erlenmeyer shake flasks using candy waste supplemented with the basal medium, with sucrose supplemented with basal medium as a control. The results showed similar trends on candy waste and sucrose.

The dynamic structure of the Food Supply Chain (FSC) distinguishes itself from other supply chains. Providing food to customers in a healthy and fresh manner necessitates a significant effort on the part of manufacturers and retailers. In practice, while these partners collaboratively forecast time-sensitive and / or short-life product-groups (e.g. perishable, seasonal, promotional and newly launched products), they confront significant challenges which prevent them from generating accurate forecasts and conducting long-term collaborations. Partners’ challenges are not limited only to the fluctuating demand of time-sensitive product-groups and continuously evolving consumer choices, but are also largely related to their conflicting expectations. Partners’ contradictory expectations mainly occur during the practices of integration, forecasting and information exchange in the FSC. This research specifically focuses on the Collaborative Forecasting (CF) practices in the FSC. However, CF is addressed from the manufacturers’ point of view, when they collaboratively forecast perishable, seasonal, promotional and newly launched products with retailers in the FSC. The underlying reasons are that while there is a paucity of research studying CF from the manufacturers’ standpoint, associated product-groups decay at short notice and their demand is influenced by uncertain consumer behaviour and the dynamic environment of FSC. The aim of the research is to identify factors that have a significant influence on the CF performance. Generating accurate forecasts over the aforementioned product-groups and sustaining long-term collaborations (one year or more) between partners are the two major performance criteria of CF in this research. This research systematically reviews the literature on Collaborative Planning, Forecasting and Replenishment (CPFR), which combines the supply chain practices of upstream and downstream members by linking their planning, forecasting and replenishment operations. The review also involves the research themes of supply chain integration, forecasting process and information sharing. The reason behind reviewing these themes is that partners’ CF is not limited to forecasting practices, it also encapsulates the integration of chains and bilateral information sharing for accurate forecasts. A single semi-structured interview with a UK based food manufacturer and three online group discussions on the business oriented social networking service of LinkedIn enrich the research with pragmatic and qualitative data, which are coded and analysed via software package QSR NVivo 9. Modifying the results of literature review through the qualitative data makes it possible to develop a rigorous conceptual model and associated hypotheses. Then, a comprehensive online survey questionnaire is developed to be delivered to food manufacturers located in the UK & Ireland, North America and Europe. An exploratory data analysis technique using Partial Least Squares (PLS) guides the research to analyse the online survey questionnaire empirically. The most significant contributions of this research are (i) to extend the body of literature by offering a new CF practice, aiming to improve forecast accuracy and long-term collaborations, and (ii) to provide managerial implications by offering a rigorous conceptual model guiding practitioners to implement the CF practice, for the achievement of accurate forecasts and long-term collaborations. In detail, the research findings primarily emphasise that manufacturers’ interdepartmental integration plays a vital role for successful CF and integration with retailers. Effective integration with retailers encourages manufacturers to conduct stronger CF in the FSC. Partners’ forecasting meetings are another significant factor for CF while the role of forecasters in these meetings is crucial too, implying forecasters’ indirect influence on CF. Complementary to past studies, this research further explores the manufacturers’ various information sources that are significant for CF and which should be shared with retailers. It is also significant to maintain the quality level of information whilst information is shared with retailers. This result accordingly suggests that the quality level of information is obliquely important for CF. There are two major elements that contribute to the literature. Firstly, relying on the particular product-groups in the FSC and examining CF from the manufacturers’ point of view not only closes a pragmatic gap in the literature, but also identifies new areas for future studies in the FSC. Secondly, the CF practice of this research demonstrates the increasing forecast satisfaction of manufacturers over the associated product-groups. Given the subjective forecast expectations of manufacturers, due to organisational objectives and market dynamics, demonstrating the significant impact of the CF practice on the forecast satisfaction leads to generalising its application to the FSC. Practitioners need to avail themselves of this research when they aim to collaboratively generate accurate forecasts and to conduct long-term collaborations over the associated product-groups. The benefits of this research are not limited to the FSC. Manufacturers in other industries can benefit from the research while they collaborate with retailers over similar product-groups having a short shelf life and / or necessitating timely and reliable forecasts. In addition, this research expands new research fields to academia in the areas of the supply chain, forecasting and information exchange, whilst it calls the interest of academics to particular product-groups in the FSC for future research. Nevertheless, this research is limited to dyad manufacturer-retailer forecast collaborations over a limited range of product-groups. This is another opportunity for academics to extend this research to different types of collaborations and products.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-03-05T16:20:41Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 29 / Banco Santander / Banespa / Musca domestica é um inseto cosmopolita e conhecido pelo seu comportamento sinantrópico e endofílico. Estas características representam um grande risco para as indústrias de alimentos, uma vez que moscas são vetores mecânicos de diversas doenças gastrointestinais causadas por microrganismos patogênicos que são carregados por estas. A fim de verificar como os fatores ambientais (umidade relativa do ar, temperatura e índice pluviométrico) e fatores antrópicos (processos de higienização, gerenciamento de resíduos e controle químico de pragas) influenciam na ocorrência e proliferação de moscas, foram realizadas coletas de M. domestica em dois frigoríficos de abate de aves, localizados nas cidades de Montenegro e Passo Fundo, no Rio Grande do Sul. Nesses experimentos, foram utilizadas armadilhas luminosas para atrair as moscas, que foram capturadas em placas adesivas e contabilizadas quinzenalmente. As armadilhas foram instaladas em diversos setores do frigorífico, classificados em duas categorias: A – setores com / Musca domestica is a cosmopolitan insect and very known about its synanthropic and inner behavior. These characters represent a might risk to food industries, despite the fact that house flies are mechanical vectors of many microrganisms that cause intestinal diseases. Surveys were made to check how environmental factors (humidity, temperature and rainfall) and anthropic factors (hygienic process, waste management and chemical pest control) influence the remaining and occurrence of house flies in two chicken slaughter houses, in Montenegro and Passo Fundo, in Rio Grande do Sul. In this research, light traps were used to attract house flies which were captured on sticky board and summed fortnightly. The light traps were installed in many sectors of the slaughter houses, separated in two categories: A – sectors with solid and liquid organic waste and B – sectors without organic waste. Kruskal-Wallis 5% of probability showed that the difference between two categories is statistically significant, with three time

Typescript (photocopy). / Digitized by Kansas Correctional Industries / Department: Agricultural Economics.

Considerando-se a importância crescente e a complementaridade das temáticas de eco-inovação e de Gestão Sustentável da Cadeia de Suprimentos (GSCS), bem como a relevância do setor de alimentos no Brasil, este trabalho apresenta o objetivo de analisar como a eco-inovação contribui para a GSCS no setor de alimentos. Realizou-se um estudo de caso múltiplo em duas Cadeias de Suprimento Sustentáveis (CSSs) que possuem práticas eco-inovadoras: uma cadeia cuja empresa focal é eco-inovadora desde seu início (cadeia Alfa, born green); e outra cuja empresa focal está mudando seu posicionamento em prol da eco-inovação (cadeia Beta). A coleta de dados contou com materiais secundários, 20 entrevistas semiestruturadas e visitas in loco. Os resultados indicam que a eco-inovação é incorporada na estratégia da maioria das empresas. As principais práticas referem-se a produtos e processos eco-inovadores, sendo motivadas tanto por drivers internos (preocupações ambientais por parte dos gestores e busca por eficiência) quanto externos (pressões normativas e cooperação). Existe um alinhamento parcial das cadeias em favor da sustentabilidade, sendo que os relacionamentos mais próximos ocorrem entre o elo produtor e as indústrias. Foram encontradas relações com membros não tradicionais, como o terceiro setor e o governo. As principais barreiras à eco-inovação referem-se a questões técnicas, financeiras e concorrenciais. Questões relacionadas aos consumidores são vistas tanto como barreira (pelo desconhecimento e falta de atitude de compra) quanto como oportunidade (pelas tendências de sustentabilidade e alimentação saudável). Outra oportunidade refere-se à diferenciação frente a concorrentes e posicionamento da empresa. Os resultados indicam o elo produtor como o mais frágil da cadeia, pela necessidade de seguir rigorosamente a legislação, sem obter muitos incentivos governamentais que amparem perdas ou o remunerem pelos serviços ambientais prestados. O trabalho contribui ao expor a perspectiva de um país em desenvolvimento, salientando a importância da eco-inovação para uma GSCS mais competitiva, principalmente no caso de cadeias born green. A partir do investimento inicial da empresa focal em eco-inovação, esta busca ou desenvolve outros elos alinhados a estas práticas. Os dados encontrados apontam para a importância crescente do setor de alimentos eco-inovadores, que é uma ótima opção para empresas agregarem valor à sua imagem e seus produtos. / Considering the increasing importance and complementarity of the issues of eco-innovation and Sustainable Supply Chain Management (SSCM), as well as the relevance of the food industry in Brazil, the goal of this work is to analyze how eco-innovation contributes to the SSCM in the food sector. A multiple case study was conducted in two Sustainable Supply Chains (SSCs) that have eco-innovative practices: chain Alpha, which focal company is eco-innovative since its beginning; and chain Beta, which focal company is changing its position in favor of eco-innovation. Data collection included secondary data, 20 semi-structured interviews and on-site visits. The results indicate that eco-innovation is incorporated into the strategy of most companies. The main practices refer to products and eco-innovative processes, which are motivated by internal drivers (environmental concerns by managers and search for efficiency) and external drivers (regulatory cooperation and pressures). There is a partial alignment of the chains in favor of sustainability, and the closest relationships occur between producers and industries. Relations with non-traditional members (third sector and government) were also found. The main barriers to eco-innovation are technical, financial and competitive. Consumers-related issues are seen both as a barrier (for their lack of knowledge and purchasing attitude) and as an opportunity (because of sustainability and healthy eating trends). Another opportunity is the differentiation against competitors and the positioning of the company. The results indicate that the producer is the weakest link of the chain, as it must follow strict rules, but does not have government incentives that support losses or remunerate his environmental services. The work contributes by exposing the perspective of a developing country, stressing the importance of eco-innovation for a more competitive GSCS, especially in the case of born green chains. When the focal company invests in eco-innovation, it searches or develops other links according to these practices. The findings indicate the growing importance of eco-innovation in the food sector, which is a great option to add value to the company’s image and products.

This paper presents the challenges faced by the retailers during the adoption of smart packaging in food packaging industry. The paper introduces three largest food retailers in Sweden, and the problems they faced during the introduction of the adoption of smart packaging technologies packaging. Introduction- The authors present the paper with complete background of the food packaging industry in general, as well as each types of smart packaging techniques. In addition, the paper introduces the adoption process for the smart packaging. The research question of this paper is: What are the hinders of adopting smart packaging technology in food packaging industry and why? • What challenges do they face during the adoption process? • What are the hinders in this adoption process? • What are the new hinders in this adoption process? Purpose- The main purpose of this paper is to find the challenges that occur during the adoption of smart packaging in food packaging industry faced by the retailers. Knowing the basic knowledge of the food packaging industry and giving importance to the challenges may lead to achieve our aim. Methodology- This research paper uses the research onion model as a methodology to analyse the gathered data. The authors performed interviews with retailers and end-users of food packaging industry to analyse their challenges during the adoption of smart packaging. The collected data are further discussed in the analysis and discussion part. Conclusion- This paper concludes the adoption in the new technology and concentrates on how each retailer has their own perspective to see the quality and use it to overcome the adoption process. This paper describes the common and unique challenges faced by the retailers during the adoption process. The main common challenges faced by all the retailers in common was to create awareness and to make end-user understand the adoption process but also the benefits of adoption. The most important challenges faced by the retailers of ICA is they consider that adopting to new technology in smart packaging is a challenge for them, because they must create an understanding about the new technology to the end-users which requires a lot of time for the adoption process. According to Coop the open to new smart packaging technologies because since they use only localize products and resources, the overall cost of the product increases which again becomes a barrier for end-user adoption. The interviewee from Willys state that they offer affordable smart packaging technologies without creating barrier for customer adoption, at the same time they are not willing to adopt new technologies without testing its feasibility with the customers. Omar, Uma Thesis in Industrial Innovation Management (IN7001) iii Limitation- The aim of this study is focused on only one element of smart packaging i.e. “Adoption”. Moreover, this study is limited to adoption of smart packaging done in three companies (Coop, Willys & ICA Maxi) in the retail sector in Halmstad, Sweden. This study is conducted from the retailer perspective, by analysing the challenges faced by the retailers during the adoption process.