La thèse propose de retracer l’histoire de l’utilisation et de l’encadrement des informations relatives à la qualité nutritionnelle des produits alimentaires circulant sur les marchés. Elle s’inscrit ainsi dans le cadre de la sociologie économique en s’intéressant plus particulièrement et dans une perspective historique à l’émergence de dispositifs visant à « équiper » le choix nutritionnel des consommateurs. Parmi ces dispositifs, l’étiquetage nutritionnel et les allégations nutritionnelles et de santé, correspondant, pour le premier, à la manifestation scripturale et réglementaire de la qualité nutritionnelle des produits agroalimentaires et, pour les secondes, à son utilisation marketing, sont au cœur de l’étude. Après avoir retracé les débuts de l’utilisation marketing de la dimension santé des aliments, à travers l’exemple des campagnes publicitaires de la fin du dix-neuvième siècle de la marque américaine d’avoine pour le petit déjeuner Quaker Oats, la thèse se concentre sur l’évolution des règlements encadrant à la fois étiquetage et marketing nutritionnels. Elle prend ainsi comme point de départ l’Amérique des années quarante pour arriver finalement à la situation européenne actuelle et opère donc un déplacement à la fois chronologique et géographique entre l’Amérique et l’Europe, en passant par l’Angleterre. Ce déplacement permet de mesurer les difficultés propres à la mesure nutritionnelle des aliments, à son expression et à sa mobilisation dans le cadre de stratégies aussi bien privées que publiques qui visent à orienter, persuader et équiper les individus dans leurs choix de vie et de consommation. L’étude montre en outre qu’au niveau européen, les notions de santé et de bonne alimentation, au-delà des avancées et controverses scientifiques en la matière, ont aussi des déclinaisons différentes selon les pays et les secteurs d’activités. Ainsi, en matière de réglementation des informations nutritionnelles marchandes, les pays du Nord tels que le Royaume-Uni ou les pays Nordiques ont depuis une vingtaine d’années au moins, intégré cette réglementation dans le cadre de politiques de santé publique plus globales, contrairement aux pays du Sud comme la France ou l’Italie. Ces différences se retrouvent ainsi au niveau européen, comme en témoigne le règlement européen n°1169/2011, voté en 2011. Ce règlement, bien qu’ayant rendu l’étiquetage nutritionnel obligatoire, est marqué par des incohérences et des faiblesses qui reflètent bien les difficultés propres à la « capture » des caractéristiques nutritionnelles des produits et à leur « mise en boîte ». / The question of the display of nutritional information on food products has been largely dealt with from an Anglo-Saxon perspective, especially in the United States; this study aims to examine the problem from a European perspective. Drawing upon the theoretical framework of economic sociology, this dissertation focuses on the social and historical factors surrounding the emergence of apparatus that aim to « equip » consumers’ nutritional choices. Among these devices, nutritional labeling and health and nutrition claims are central to the study. The former is the scriptural and regulatory description of nutritional quality and the latter, the expression of this quality in a marketing context. After an in depth consideration of early examples of the use of nutrition based rhetoric in marketing through the example of the Quaker Oats brand's advertising campaigns of the late nineteenth century, the dissertation studies the evolution of the rules and regulations on labeling and nutritional marketing. Mapping this historical trajectory means drawing a line from the United States in the 40s to the current situation in the European Union. This analysis thus operates a chronological and geographical movement from America to Europe via the United Kingdom. This movement sheds light on the specific difficulties attached to the nutritional measuring of food products, to its expression and to its use in private and public strategies aimed at guiding, persuading and equipping individuals faced with lifestyle and consumption choices. The study also shows how inside the European Union, the definition of notions such as good health and proper alimentation, as well as being informed by scientific knowledge and controversies, is also subjected to both geographical and socio-professional variations. For example, Northern European countries such as the United Kingdom or Scandinavia have been integrating the question of the regulation of nutritional information on food products into public health policies unlike southern countries such as France or Italy. These differences have an effect on European food labeling policy, as in the case of the European regulation n°1169/2011, voted in 2011. Although it does make nutrition labels compulsory on a majority of products, this ruling bares incoherencies and flaws that deeply reflect the problems linked to the “capturing” and “boxing” of food products' nutritional characteristics.

Final work of University Postgraduate Studies, 80 pages, 15 figures, 8 tables, 80 references, 5 Appendix, in Lithuanian. KEY WORDS: food quality, food safety, the policy of food quality and safety, food industry, food market, economical rates, hazard analysis. Research object – the policy of food quality and safety. Research aim – set realization of food quality and safety policy in Lithuania and value food quality and safety in food industry companies. Objectives: • summon and analyse information about food quality and safety theoretical aspects; • gather and traverse information about food quality and safety policy in Lithuania; • analyse and value economical rates of Lithuanian food industry; • value security systems for food quality and safety in food industry companies; • traverse supposed lookout of food quality and safety development in Lithuania. Research methods – logical analysis and synthesis of scientific literature, logical abstract, comparison, diagrammatical presentment, filling and quantitative of statistics, prognostications and other economical research methods. In writing final work of University Postgraduate Studies it was used scientific literature of Lithuanian and foreign authors, monographs, Lithuanian legislations, EU directives, regulations, rest law acts and varied statistics.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The institutional food markets have become a new alternative for family farmers to access markets of food. This paper aims to analyze how the inclusion of family farmers in the institutional market of foods happens as well as to understand the contribution of the public politics of food acquisition for the strengthening of the family farming. With this in mind, this research was conducted in 2008 in the towns of Crissiumal and Tenente Portela, located in the Celeiro Region of RS, these municipalities were chosen as they are placed in an area where there is a family farm which promotes the marketing and industrialization of their products by Cooperatives of small farmers. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with twenty-five farmers benefited by the Program of Food Acquisition- PAA (Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos) in the surveyed towns, and another interview with thirteen local actors. We analyzed the social construction of the institutional food market by including the PAA, based on the actors, technicians, farmers, Cooperatives and towns that participated of the study. The field research has shown that this market is a result of social construction and it is made from a set of social relations triggered by different agents, according to the agreement proposed by the New Economic Sociology (NES). Through the analysis of the PAA in the Celeiro Region we can say that the Program works as a tool for increasing the local economy, with impact on the town revenues and the construction and implementation of public politics. The experience of marketing through the PAA strengthened the local and regional circuits of production, distribution and consumption, providing an opportunity for discussion of actions that generate potential claims, such as: creation of agro-industries, implementation of solidarity networks, discussion of building a permanent market for the family agriculture, organization of production, gaining new markets, the revival of socio-cultural knowledge, development of rural tourism, and promotion of autonomy / empowerment of the farmers by organizing them. These created spaces are not limited only to the marketing of the family farming, but they include the construction of a new relationship with consumers, based on the diversity and the strengthening of ties with the territory and the human and social relations. It is clear that the Cooperatives Cooperfamiliar and Cooper Fonte Nova succeeded mainly because of the PAA, and consolidated as referential social organizations in the commercialization of the family farm products, and social organization. / Os mercados institucionais de alimentos passaram a constituir uma nova alternativa para os agricultores familiares acessarem os mercados de alimentos. O presente trabalho tem por objetivo analisar como se dá a inserção dos agricultores familiares no mercado institucional de alimentos, bem como compreender qual a contribuição das políticas públicas de aquisição de alimentos para o fortalecimento da agricultura familiar. Para tanto, esta pesquisa foi realizados em 2008, nos municípios de Crissiumal e Tenente Portela, situados na Região Celeiro do RS, esses municípios mostraram-se oportunos por constituir-se em um espaço onde predomina uma agricultura familiar que desenvolve a comercialização de seus produtos e a agroindustrialização através de Cooperativas de agricultores familiares. Foram realizadas entrevistas semi-estruturadas com vinte e cinco agricultores familiares beneficiários do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos-PAA dos municípios pesquisados, e mais oito entrevistas com atores locais. Analisamos a construção social do mercado institucional de alimentos, através da inserção no PAA, com base no estudo dos atores que dela participam, técnicos, Cooperativas e agricultores familiares dos municípios. A pesquisa de campo mostrou que esse mercado é fruto de uma construção social e é constituído a partir de um conjunto de relações sociais desencadeadas por diferentes agentes, segundo o entendimento proposto pela Nova Sociologia Econômica (NSE). Pela análise do PAA na Região Celeiro constata-se que o Programa funciona como um instrumento de dinamização da economia local, com impactos na arrecadação dos municípios e na construção e implantação de políticas públicas integradas. A experiência de comercialização através do PAA fortaleceu os circuitos locais e regionais de produção, distribuição e consumo, oportunizou a discussão de ações que geram demandas potenciais, como: estruturação de agroindústrias, implementação de redes solidárias, discussão da construção de um mercado permanente da agricultura familiar, organização da produção, conquistas de novos mercados, resgate de saberes socioculturais, desenvolvimento do turismo rural, além da promoção da autonomia/empoderamento dos agricultores, através da organização dos mesmos. Estes espaços criados não se restringem somente à comercialização dos produtos da agricultura familiar, mas incluem a construção de uma nova relação com os consumidores, pautada pela valorização da diversidade e pelo fortalecimento dos vínculos com o território e das relações humanas e sociais. Constata-se que as Cooperativas Cooperfamiliar e Cooper Fonte Nova conseguiram, em grande parte por causa do PAA, consolidarem-se como organizações sociais referências em comercialização de produtos da agricultura familiar e organização social.

El Mercado del Limoncillo es una edificación de valor histórico inaugurado en 1929 que está ubicado en el distrito del Rímac dentro de la zona perteneciente al Centro Histórico de Lima. Hoy en día este mercado se encuentra en un deficiente estado de conservación desde haber sufrido un recorte de sus estructuras en la década de los Sesenta sin ningún tipo de intervención de recuperación efectuada desde esa época. Así mismo, el distrito donde se encuentra ubicado el mercado está en la búsqueda de consolidar una identidad gastronómica por medio de ideas entabladas con la Asociación Peruana de Gastronomía (APEGA) para recuperar un gran porcentaje de viviendas y espacios con valor histórico en el distrito cuya intervención podría ayudar al objetivo que tiene esta asociación que consiste en convertir a la ciudad de Lima como capital gastronómica de Sudamérica al 2021. Es por estos motivos que el presente proyecto de tesis busca desarrollar en conjunto un planteamiento urbano inmediato a manera de conexiones urbanas y a su vez, la resolución de dos piezas arquitectónicas: una tipología nueva como un mercado gastronómico y la recuperación del mercado del Limoncillo por medio del cambio de su uso original. De esta forma, esta investigación se plantea como una nueva propuesta para la recuperación de un mercado histórico y al mismo tiempo de la identidad ciudadana Rimense, a través de la arquitectura y la gastronomía. / Limoncillo Market is a building with historical value inaugurated in 1929 and its located in Rímac which is a district with a specific zone that belongs to the Historic Center of Lima. Nowadays this market has a deficient state of conservation since having suffered a cut in its structures in the Sixties without any recovery intervention since that time. Likewise, the district where the market is located wants to consolidate a gastronomic identity through ideas that are constantly putting in place with the Peruvian Gastronomy Association (APEGA) like recovering a large percentage of historical value homes and spaces in Rímac whose intervention could help the objective of this association which is to convert Lima city into the gastronomic capital of South America at 2021. Is for these reasons that the present thesis project seeks to be a joint project that goes from the urban approach and its connections with the city towards the resolution of two architectural pieces: a new typology as a gastronomic market and the recovery of the Limoncillo Market, changing its original typology. In this way, the research presents a new proposal for the recovery of a historical market and at the same time of the “Rimense” identity through architecture and gastronomy. / Tesis