Abstract: Northern rural Indigenous communities in Canada are facing many challenges getting regular access to nutritious foods, primarily due to the high cost of market food, restricted availability of nutritious foods, and lack of government support for nutritious food programs. The consequences of food insecurity in this context are expressed in high rates of diabetes, heart disease, and childhood obesity. Many Indigenous communities are responding to issues around healthy food access by attempting to rebuild local food capacity in their specific regions. Important first steps have been taken in developing local food initiatives, yet it remains to be seen what impact these initiatives are having on improving northern food security. This paper explores this question by working with a remote fly in community in the sub-arctic region Ontario to construct a hoop house and develop a school based community gardening program. By using a community-based participatory approach, it was determined that hoop house and gardening initiatives in rural, northern settings have the potential to build up local food production; can develop the skills and knowledge of community members; can engage and involve youth in growing local food; and do align with land-based food teachings. We show that despite widespread and multidimensional community hardships, there was considerable community buy-in and support to the project, giving hope for future development, and providing important insight for those seeking to initiate similar gardening, hoop house, or greenhouse initiatives in northern Indigenous communities. Abstract 2: Indigenous peoples of what is now known as Canada have experienced rapid lifestyle changes as a result of European contact. Indigenous food systems were systematically eroded by the Canadian government, leading to extremely high rates of food insecurity, and diet related disease. The complicated dynamics and interventions contributing to the erosion of local knowledges have forced a dependence on a market-based food system in remote and northern Indigenous communities in Canada. Communities are experiencing a double burden of the unaffordability or inaccessibility of traditional foods from the land, and the exorbitantly high cost and reduced availability of quality market foods largely due to the cost of shipping to these regions. The entanglement of local practices and global food systems is multifaceted and complex, thus the solution to food insecurity challenges are met with the burden of navigating both the local and the global. The purpose of this article is to analyze local meanings around food in a remote sub-Arctic First Nation in Ontario within the context of “coloniality” and global food systems. Drawing from the work of Walter Mignolo, and his concept of “border thinking”, this article explains the complex subsistence practices in the Canadian north and how they are located within a larger global framework. We show that by pinpointing potential “cracks” in the dominant Western epistemic as border thinking, a more useful understanding of food procurement strategies can come to light and offer new direction for culturally appropriate and sustainable food initiatives in the North.

Meeting current and future demands for food is one of the biggest problems facing the world today. Despite the positive correlation that exists between food production and urban food demand, food systems remain separate and excluded from cities. Vertical farming has been proposed as a solution projected to address these issues in a sustainable way. This study aims to determine the sustainability of a vertical farm operation and its perceived value to food security and urban systems. This study implements a qualitative approach and case study research design useful for small, applied research studies, where data is collected via a literature review, emails, and semi- structured interviews. Systems theory is used to frame the phenomena at hand since it allows for a holistic systems view, and the study’s results are analyzed using emergy theory and a conceptual framework based on urban political agroecology. A vertical farm was selected as the focus of the case study, with the vertical farm sustainability serving as this study’s unit of analysis. Contrary to existing information, the results indicate that the vertical farm studied is unsustainable due to its dependence on imported resources. Additionally, an assessment of vertical farm impacts through a conceptual framework on urban political agroecology determined that vertical farming is incompatible with agroecological principle, provides few positive impacts to urban systems, and makes most of its contributions to urban food security rather than food sovereignty. For the sustainable development of vertical farms and urban systems, emergy theory stresses that inputs into the system must be local renewable inputs (i.e. natural inputs located within the system boundaries), and that successful systems should create and implement reinforcing feedbacks. Nonetheless, vertical farming systems are quite immature and carry great potential for change; this study presents recommendations for vertical farming systems reorganizing more sustainably.

Submitted by Maike Costa (maiksebas@gmail.com) on 2017-07-14T12:04:54Z No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5228581 bytes, checksum: 43e5e6328ec74650c52cdc0947e77429 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-07-14T12:04:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 5228581 bytes, checksum: 43e5e6328ec74650c52cdc0947e77429 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-03-28 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / This work aimed to investigate the experiences of environmental change from the protective actions of native seeds, that serve as a strategic model to guarantee food sovereignty and biodiversity protection. In which, for the development of research, some actions were observed from three organizations and movements: Navdanya, Kokopelli and Sementes da Paixão, operating in countries with different cultural and socioeconomic - India, France and Brazil, respectively. However, they have the same intent with respect to policy and sustainable actions for the protection and cultivation of varieties of food crops. These practices are conducte in a safe way that respects the environment and their own cultural diversities while the development of creating genetically modified seeds alter the natural cycles of development and regeneration of nature, breaking bonds required for its maintenance, as well as autonomy, freedom of choice to feed and produce of farmers and consumers. The cultivation and protection of native seeds is a way of narrowing and return to a harmonious relationship, a period in which the man was part of nature. It is an act of liberation and a right to life. / Este trabalho tem como proposta investigar as experiências de transformações socioambientais a partir das ações de proteção das sementes crioulas/nativas que atuam como um modelo estratégico de garantia à soberania alimentar e proteção da biodiversidade. Para a elaboração da pesquisa, foram observadas algumas ações de três organizações e movimentos: Navdanya, Kokopelli e Sementes da Paixão, atuantes em países com diferentes contextos culturais e socioeconômicos – Índia, França e Brasil, respectivamente. Apesar disso, elas possuem uma mesma intenção com relação à definição de políticas e ações sustentáveis, para o cultivo e a proteção das variedades das culturas alimentares. Essas práticas são realizadas de forma segura, que respeita o meio ambiente e suas próprias diversidades culturais, posto que o desenvolvimento da criação das sementes geneticamente modificadas altera os ciclos naturais de desenvolvimento e regeneração da natureza, quebrando elos necessários para a sua manutenção, bem como a autonomia, o direito de escolha ao se alimentar e produzir dos agricultores e consumidores. O cultivo e proteção de sementes crioulas/nativas é uma forma de estreitamento e retorno a uma relação harmônica, a um período no qual o homem era parte da natureza. É um ato de libertação e um direito à vida.

Submitted by RITA zanotto (rita.zanotto@gmail.com) on 2018-05-07T18:38:22Z No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertação Rita, word. FINAL maio07.pdf: 9369524 bytes, checksum: 123501994a33cf1d743d4f9c023abb0d (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by GRAZIELA HELENA JACKYMAN DE OLIVEIRA null (graziela@ippri.unesp.br) on 2018-05-08T13:15:07Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 zanotto_r_me_ippri_int.pdf: 9369316 bytes, checksum: 77da2150d5faf9dd450d1d744d472d8b (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-05-08T13:15:07Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 zanotto_r_me_ippri_int.pdf: 9369316 bytes, checksum: 77da2150d5faf9dd450d1d744d472d8b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-06-26 / A gravidade do problema alimentar no mundo mantém em constante alerta movimentos camponeses, movimentos em defesa da alimentação saudável, instituições multilaterais e governos. Sua raiz está no desenvolvimento capitalista que, através do agronegócio, determina as políticas agrícolas para o monocultivo e exportação, transformando alimentos em commodities e a agricultura em negócio. Este modelo do capitalismo agrário desterritorializa o campesinato que é quem produz para a soberania alimentar. Isto tem gerado fome, miséria, migração, degradação do meio ambiente, perda da cultura e da história dos povos e o desaparecimento de muitas culturas alimentares e da própria vida camponesa. Diante de tal gravidade, a soberania alimentar aparece em escala global como construção contra hegemônica proposta pelos movimentos camponeses e outras organizações sociais, especialmente a Via Campesina, contra as políticas impostas pelo agronegócio. A soberania alimentar é fundamental para assegurar a produção de alimentos, por meio da agroecologia, para alimentar o mundo. Este trabalho procurou aprofundar o processo de construção da soberania alimentar desde os movimentos sociais e desde as instituições de governo na construção de políticas públicas no Brasil e Bolívia. Esta é nossa contribuição nesta construção contra hegemônica a partir das lutas das camponesas e dos camponeses. / The seriousness of the world's food problem keeps peasant movements, advocacy movements, multilateral institutions and governments in constant alert. Its root lies in the capitalist development that, through agribusiness, determines agricultural policies for monoculture and export, turning food into commodities and agriculture into business. This model of agrarian capitalism deterritorializes the peasantry that produces food sovereignty. This has led to famine, poverty, migration, degradation of the environment, loss of the culture and history of peoples and the disappearance of many food cultures and peasant life itself. Faced with such seriousness, food sovereignty appears on a global scale as a counter-hegemonic construction proposed by peasant movements and other social organizations, especially Via Campesina, against the policies imposed by agribusiness. Food sovereignty is fundamental to ensuring food production, through agroecology, to feed the world. This work sought to deepen the process of building food sovereignty from the social movements and from the institutions of government in the construction of public policies in Brazil and Bolivia. This is our contribution in this counter-hegemonic construction from the peasant struggles. / La gravedad del problema alimentario en el mundo mantiene en alerta constante movimientos campesinos. Movimientos en defensa de la alimentación saludable, instituciones multilaterales y gobiernos. Sus raíces están en el desarrollo capitalista que, atravez del agronegocio determina las políticas agrícolas hacia los monocultivos y la exportación, transformando los alimentos en commodities y agricultura en negocios. Este modelo de capitalismo agrario desterritorializa al campesinado quien es el que produce para la Soberanía Alimentaria. Todo esto ha generado hambre, miseria, migración, degradación del medio ambiente, pérdida de la cultura y de la historia de los pueblos y la desaparición de muchas culturas alimentarias y de la propia vida campesina. Ante tal gravedad, la soberanía alimentaria aparece en escala global como una construcción contra hegemónica propuesta por los movimientos campesinos y otras organizaciones sociales, especialmente Vía Campesina, contra las políticas impuestas por el agronegocio. La soberanía alimentaria es fundamental para asegurar la producción de alimentos, por medio la agroecología, para alimentar el mundo. Este trabajo intento profundizar el proceso de construcción de la soberanía alimentaria desde los movimientos sociales y desde las instituciones gubernamentales en el desarrollo de políticas públicas, especialmente en Brasil y Bolivia. Esta es nuestra contribución en la construcción contra hegemónica a partir de las luchas de las campesinas y de los campesinos.

O conceito de soberania alimentar surgiu após outros conceitos acerca das questões alimentares. Um deles é o conceito de segurança alimentar que após a II Guerra Mundial já trazia à tona critérios ditos como essenciais para uma alimentação digna e correta. No entanto, ainda não se falava tanto da influência da liberdade e dos modelos de produção da agricultura, que vieram a fazer parte da pauta de discussões mundiais sobre alimentação, principalmente a partir da década de 1990, período em que a partir de inúmeras discussões e propostas de movimentos sociais, foi criado o conceito de soberania alimentar. Tal conceito foi baseado no fato de que todos os indivíduos, comunidades, povos e países possuem o direito de definir suas próprias políticas da agricultura, do trabalho, do alimento e da terra. Sendo assim, o conceito de soberania alimentar chamou atenção para outras questões além da qualidade dos alimentos e por este motivo o conceito ganhou e vem ganhando grandes conotações nas cúpulas de discussões mundiais sobre alimentação. Deste modo, a presente pesquisa teve por objetivo analisar e avaliar a tratativa do conceito de soberania alimentar e suas implicações no âmbito da gestão do programa de alimentação escolar do município de Piracicaba-PNAE (SP), analisar a existência (ou não) de articulação entre o programa de alimentação escolar do município e o Programa Nacional de Fortalecimento da Agricultura Familiar (PRONAF) e identificar e analisar as deliberações do Conselho de Alimentação Escolar (CAE) face ao conceito de soberania alimentar. Para isso, foram realizadas pesquisas bibliográficas, análise documental e entrevistas semi-estruturadas para atingir os objetivos da pesquisa. Com base nas metodologias desenvolvidas, foi possível verificar que o conceito de soberania alimentar é pouca explorado e inserido no PNAE, ainda que seja encontrado nas falas dos gestores e alguns documentos relacionados ao programa. Um grande desafio para a efetiva incorporação da soberania alimentar no PNAE é a diversidade de atores e setores que envolvem a sua gestão. Quanto ao PRONAF e o CAE pode-se concluir que para o CAE, visa-se a necessidade de projetos contínuos e mais atrelados às necessidades de gestão e operacionalização do PNAE e no que tange ao PRONAF observou-se que para aumento da parceria entre o PNAE e os agricultores familiares, constatou-se a necessidade de se realizar ajustes nas leis do PRONAF, que aproxime e promova as parcerias entre as duas políticas e consequentemente beneficie os beneficiários. / The concept of food sovereignty came after other concepts about food issues. One is the concept of food security which have brought to be an essential criterion for a dignified and proper nutrition after World War II. However, still not talked so much the influence of freedom and agricultural production models, which became part of the agenda of global discussions on food, mainly from the 1990s, during which from numerous discussions and proposals of social movements, the concept of food sovereignty was created. The concept looked on the fact that all individuals, communities, peoples and countries have the right to set their own policies on agriculture, labor, food and land. Thus, the concept of food sovereignty has drawn attention to issues other than food quality and for this reason the concept won and still gaining great connotations in the summits of global discussions about food. Thus, this study aimed to analyze and evaluate the dealings of the concept of food sovereignty and its implications in the management of the school feeding program in the city of Piracicaba-PNAE (SP), analyze the existence (or not) of articulation between the school feeding program of the municipality and the National Program for Strengthening Family Agriculture (PRONAF) and identify and analyze the decisions of the School Feeding Council (CAE) to the concept of food sovereignty. For this, were realized literature searches, document analysis and semi-structured interviews to achieve the research objectives. Based on the methodologies developed, it found that the concept of food sovereignty is little explored and inserted in PNAE, although it is found in the statements of managers and some documents related to the program. The biggest challenge for the effective incorporation of food sovereignty in the PNAE is the diversity of actors and sectors involving management. As for the PRONAF and CAE can be concluded that for CAE, the objective is the need for continuous projects and more linked to the needs of management and operation of PNAE and in relation to PRONAF was observed that to increase the partnership between PNAE and family farmers, there was the need to make adjustments in the laws of PRONAF, that approach and promote partnerships between the two policies and consequently benefit the beneficiaries.

FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico / O modelo de desenvolvimento econÃmico pautado sobre a lÃgica da reproduÃÃo ampliada do modo de produÃÃo capitalista tem provocado, a nÃvel global, uma sÃrie de crises intrÃnsecas a este sistema, que reverberam sobre os mais distintos setores da sociedade. Contudo, crise e capital nÃo sÃo processos indiferentes. Pelo contrÃrio: de acordo com a intensidade e a duraÃÃo da crise, o capital busca novas estratÃgias de se expandir em seu processo incessante de acumulaÃÃo. Neste contexto, o espaÃo agrÃrio se apresenta enquanto âespaÃo de reservaâ, ao qual sÃo canalizados investimentos pÃblicos e privados com o objetivo de intensificar sua reproduÃÃo e conter sua crise. Estes processos sÃo apresentados de duas formas: a partir da territorializaÃÃo do capital no campo e pela monopolizaÃÃo do territÃrio pelo capital. Neste estudo debrucei-me sobre a anÃlise deste avanÃo do capital no campo e sua dinÃmica de incorporaÃÃo de novas terras por meio da expansÃo de culturas voltadas para produÃÃo de agrocombustÃveis. Analisei, sobretudo, estes desdobramentos a partir do impulso desta produÃÃo pela polÃtica pÃblica do governo Federal, denominada de Programa Nacional de ProduÃÃo e Uso de Biodiesel - PNPB. Para pesquisa, utilizei o mÃtodo regressivo-progressivo de Lefebvre, com a finalidade de analisar os pressupostos existentes na realidade estudada, seja a partir do conhecimento empÃrico como do cientÃfico, permanecendo em diÃlogo com a realidade existente e sua dinÃmica. Desta forma, priorizei tambÃm, compreender seus rebatimentos polÃticos, sociais e territoriais, analisando as condiÃÃes de precarizaÃÃo do camponÃs, enquanto sujeito social presente nesta polÃtica pÃblica. Destacamos a condiÃÃo de subalternidade de seu trabalho e de sua produÃÃo, a partir das diretrizes estabelecidas pelo PNPB, na qual a agricultura camponesa à um de seus principais eixos, assim como pelo modelo de desenvolvimento da agricultura capitalista e sua estratÃgia de integraÃÃo de capitais, o agronegÃcio, na qual esta polÃtica pÃblica passa a corroborar. Neste trabalho, tambÃm foi possÃvel identificar a postura polÃtica dos Movimentos Sociais, sobretudo, do MST, frente a expansÃo do cultivo de culturas para produÃÃo dos agrocombustÃveis em seus assentamentos, assim como a orientaÃÃo que à passada para seus tÃcnicos e o cuidado com o nÃo solapamento da soberania alimentar dos camponeses. / The model of economic development based on the logic of amplified reproduction, typical of the capitalist mode of production, has caused a series of crisis at global level; in fact, they are intrinsic to this system and reverberate along several sectors of society. Nevertheless, the crisis and capital are not indifferent processes, on the contrary; according to the intensity and the duration of the crisis, the capital pursuits new strategies to expand itself in this incessant process of accumulation. In such a context, the agrarian space is presented as a âreservationâ in which the private and public investments are channelized aiming the intensification of production in order to contain the crisis.These processes are introduced in two forms: by the territorialization of capital in the countryside and by the monopolization of territory by capital. In the present study, we aim at analyzing not only this advance of capital in the countryside, but also its dynamics of incorporation of new lands through the expansion of tillages towards the production of agrofuel. We analyze, in particular, the unfoldings in the matter initiated with the impulse of the production promoted by a public politic of the federal government called Programa Nacional de ProduÃÃo e Uso de Biodiesel â PNPB. For research, I used the regressive-progressive method of Lefebvre, in order to analyze the assumptions that exist in reality studied, either from the scientific and empirical knowledge, remaining in dialogue with the existing reality and its dynamics. This way, we also prioritize the understanding of its political, social and territorial influences by analyzing the precarious conditions of the peasants, being them the social subjects of this politic. It is convenient to highlight the condition of subjugation of their work and production, considering the guidelines established by PNPB in which the peasant agriculture is one of its main axis; having in mind, the model of development of the capitalist agriculture and its strategy of integration of capital, the agribusiness, in which the cited politic corroborates. In this work was also possible to identify the political stance of social movements, especially the MST, against to the expansion of cultivation of crops for the production of agrofuels in their settlements, as well as guidance that is passed to its technicians and care for for not undermining the food sovereignty of the peasants".

Indigenous values, epistemologies, and indicators have always been ways of teaching and learning about change, and planning for the future. Indigenous food systems are central capacities supporting social-ecological resilience and resistance. Settler-colonialism and environmental degradation are two drivers of rapid and cumulative change over the past century that are at the root of health challenges experienced by Indigenous people and impacts to Indigenous food systems. Indigenous food sovereignty is a framework many Indigenous communities have been working within to support the restoration of Indigenous food systems, knowledges, and relationships to land in this time of resurgence. Recent scholarship highlights the importance of biocultural and culturally grounded values frameworks, aligning with Indigenous epistemologies, for measuring social-ecological resilience and resistance. Indigenous scholars and communities are also calling for more respectful and meaningful research practices in alignment with Indigenous priorities and worldviews. The Neskonlith Band’s Switzmalph community near Salmon Arm, British Columbia, has been working towards restoring Secwépemc plants and food systems through land-based education projects and collaboration in multi-scalar partnerships. This study highlights two cultural concepts or values related to Secwépemc food systems restoration and land based education in Switzmalph and Secwépemc territory more broadly, and their role in guiding future pathways and multi-scalar relationships supporting Secwépemc food systems restoration. This study also highlights the role of storytelling as a method and context for teaching and learning about cultural concepts and values in land-based settings. This study discusses the importance of process-oriented approaches to research for demonstrating how Indigenous ways of knowing can guide ongoing and embodied applications of ethical frameworks. The results of this work highlight the importance of culturally-grounded values in measuring, guiding, and reflecting on change, as well as the vital importance of Indigenous ways of knowing in guiding ethical research processes, and participatory and community-led research throughout all stages of research design. / Graduate

This thesis builds on the Indigenous Health Research Group’s work with northern remote Indigenous communities addressing food security challenges through local food initiatives. The focus will be on the efforts the Moose Cree First Nation in northern Ontario is taking to build local food capacity by introducing community gardening. This thesis applies a participatory action research approach, and its purpose is to provide: 1) an ethnographic description of the creation of local food initiatives in the Moose Cree First Nation; and 2) online monitoring of the resilience of these local food initiatives during the COVID-19 pandemic, and an analysis of the purpose(s) of local food initiatives. Fieldwork for this thesis was conducted in 2019 and a Zoom interview with the Moose Cree Local Food Developer was conducted in 2022. In essence, this research points to the relevance and importance of local food initiatives for remote Indigenous communities who are looking to improve health and wellness, increase food diversity, make fresh produce more accessible in terms of price and availability, and work towards gaining more control over their own local food system.

As knowledge about the constellating set of environmental and social crises stemming from the neoliberal global food regime becomes more pressing and popularized among US consumers, it has brought Indigenous actors asserting their political sovereignty and treaty rights with regards to their homelands into new collaborations, contestations, and negotiations with settlers in emerging food politics domains. In this dissertation, I examine solidarities and affinities being forged between Coast Salish and settler food actors in Puget Sound, attending specifically to how contested sovereignties are submerged but at play in these relations and how settler desires for belonging on and to stolen Indigenous lands animate liberal and radical food system politics. The dissertation presents my ethnographic fieldwork in South Puget Sound over a period of 18 months with two related Coast Salish food sovereignty projects that brought Indigenous and settler food actors into weedy collaborations. One was a curriculum development project for Native and regional youth focused on the revitalization of Coast Salish plant landscapes, knowledge, pedagogies, and systems of reciprocity. The other was a campaign to counter the introduction of genetically engineered salmon into US food markets and coastal production facilities across the Western Hemisphere, which I situate within longstanding salmon-centered social and political struggles in Coast Salish territories in the context of Indigenous/settler-state relations. Throughout these engagements, I identified how multicultural, anti-racist, and anti-capitalist food movement frameworks share in common with neoliberal nature privatization schemes modes of disavowing the geopolitics of Indigenous sovereignty within the US settler state. The research reveals patterns in how Coast Salish food actors push back against the ways settler food actors are plugged into settler colonial governmentality. These insights, in turn, helped to make legible how inherited liberal mythologies of the nation-state and legal orders rooted in the doctrine of terra nulliuslimit the stakes of food system work in terms of inclusion and equality, and miss their collusion with structures that unmake the human-land relationships that Coast Salish people define as existential and (geo)political. In my analysis, I engage Indigenous critiques of settler colonialism to complicate Marxian, Deleuzian, and Foucauldian analyses of North American alternative food politics, while doubling back to consider the ways the disavowal of ongoing Indigenous dispossession functions across these literatures and the social practices they influence, ultimately to consider how food-centered scholarship, environmentalism, and politics in North America stand to be transformed by what I argue is a Coast Salish ‘politics of refusal’. This project is unique in attending to how settler colonial theory, Indigenous critical theory, and Indigenous politics in North America enrich and complicate the literatures provincializing the Nature-Culture divide, as well as a largely Marxian and antiracist critical food studies literature. It contributes to settler colonial studies as a project of redefinition for the study of US politics and society while specifically bringing that interdisciplinary project into the ambit of North American critical food studies scholarship.

No description available.