Through exploring nine Indigenous young adults’ perceptions of their roles in building health and wellness through traditional food sovereignty, I assessed the effectiveness of using John Paul Lederach’s (1997) framework of conflict transformation within an Indigenous context for the purpose of creating Indigenous food sovereignty. Conflict transformation does not acknowledge or address the detrimental effects colonization has had on Indigenous peoples within their daily lives. This gap in analysis stunted the effectiveness of conflict transformation in helping young Indigenous adults to challenge colonial authority and work towards developing sustainable approaches to Indigenous food sovereignty. Within the findings, roles emerged related to a generational cycle of learning and teachings traditional knowledge and cultural practices that are applied in the everyday lives of Indigenous peoples. “Learner-teacher cycles” are an Indigenous response to conflicts stemming from colonization. The cycle follows a non-linear progression of learning cultural and traditional knowledge from family and community and the transmission of that knowledge back to family and peers. Learner-teacher cycles are an everyday occurrence and are embedded within Indigenous cultures. Through the learner-teacher cycles, young adults challenge the effects of colonization within their day-to-day lives by learning and practicing cultural ways of being and traditional knowledge, and then transferring their knowledge to next generations and peers. I have concluded that conflict transformation is not an effective tool in resolving protracted conflicts within an Indigenous context, particularly with reference to Indigenous peoples from CoSalish and Dididaht territories on Turtle Island. Learner-teacher cycles, a framework based on Indigenous methods of challenging colonialism through learning, teaching and practicing cultural and traditional ways of being within everyday life, is an appropriate model for young Indigenous adults to use in creating Indigenous food sovereignty. / Graduate

Submitted by Estevan Leopoldo de Freitas Coca null (estevanleopoldo@yahoo.com.br) on 2016-09-05T16:40:45Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Coca.pdf: 6249018 bytes, checksum: 8141a2a944e4ba04dccff301b1461086 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Juliano Benedito Ferreira (julianoferreira@reitoria.unesp.br) on 2016-09-08T20:20:45Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 coca_elf_dr_prud.pdf: 6249018 bytes, checksum: 8141a2a944e4ba04dccff301b1461086 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-08T20:20:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 coca_elf_dr_prud.pdf: 6249018 bytes, checksum: 8141a2a944e4ba04dccff301b1461086 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-08-24 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / Em 1996, a coalização internacional de movimentos camponeses La Via Campesina apresentou a soberania alimentar como uma proposta alternativa de organização dos sistemas alimentares, indo além da hegemonia das grandes corporações. Nesses vinte anos, a soberania alimentar tem evoluído, sendo incorporada como bandeira de luta por outros movimentos do campo e da cidade e por alguns governos. Existe soberania alimentar quando um povo controla seu processo de alimentação, diminuindo a influência das grandes corporações. Assim, nessa proposta o alimento não é tratado como mercadoria, mas como um direito humano. Nesse contexto, o objetivo da presente tese é estudar experiências de compra públicas de alimentos e sua contribuição para a soberania alimentar no Brasil e no Canadá. Para isso, foram estuadas duas ações: i) o Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA), no Cantuquiriguaçu, estado do Paraná e no Pontal do Paranapanema, estado de São Paulo – duas regiões nomeadas pelo pelo Governo Federal brasileiro como territórios da cidadania – e; ii) a rede Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC), na região metropolitana de Vancouver, no Canadá. Defende-se a hipótese de que a soberania alimentar tem se constituído como uma alternativa ao regime alimentar corporativista e que, além disso, ela pode ser implementada por meio do protagonismo do Estado (exemplo do PAA) e da sociedade civil (exemplo da rede F2CC). Como elemento central dos procedimentos metodológicos foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas com agricultores familiares/camponeses, representantes de Organizações Não Governamentais (ONGs), membros do Poder Público e outros. Constatou-se que o PAA tem contribuído para a soberania alimentar no Cantuquiriguaçu e no Pontal do Paranapanema através da criação de uma nova oportunidade de mercado para os agricultores familiares/camponeses e da melhoria da alimentação dos proponentes e dos beneficiários pela doação dos alimentos. Por seu turno, a rede F2CC tem sido um vetor para a mudança das relações de consumo de alimentos em Metro Vancouver. / In 1996, the international peasant coalition La Via Campesina introduced food sovereignty as an alternative proposal for organizing food systems, going beyond the hegemony of large corporations. In these twenty years, food sovereignty has evolved, being incorporated as a flag of struggle for other social movements in the countryside, city and by some governments. Food sovereignty exists when the people control their process of nourishment, reducing the influence of large corporations. Thus, in this proposal food is not treated as a commodity, but as a human right. In this context, the objective of this thesis is to study public food procurement experiences and their contribution to food sovereignty in Brazil and Canada. For this, two programs were analyzed: i) the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) in Cantuquiriguaçu, the state of Parana and in the Pontal do Paranapanema, the state of São Paulo – two regions appointed by the Federal Government of Brazil as citizenship territories – and ; ii) the Farm to Cafeteria Canada (F2CC) network, in the metropolitan area of Vancouver, Canada. Thus, the central hypothesis is that food sovereignty has been established as an alternative food regime that, furthermore, can be implemented through the protagonism of the state (PAA as an example) and of civil society (the F2CC network as an example). As a central element of the methodological procedures, semi-structured interviews were conducted with family farmers/peasants, representatives of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs), Government Officials and others. We found that the PAA has contributed to food sovereignty in Cantuquiriguaçu and Pontal do Paranapanema by creating a new market opportunity for family farmers/peasants and a better feeding for proponents and beneficiaries by the donation of food. In its turn, the F2CC network has been a vector for change of food consumer relations in Metro Vancouver. / FAPESP: 2013/01733-1

Submitted by Josiane ribeiro (josiane.caic@gmail.com) on 2016-03-31T18:14:40Z No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_versao_final_maria_de_fatima_com_alteracoes_propostas_pela_banca.pdf: 2809962 bytes, checksum: 62236ef1d0de4d1761e5bbf72bcab1bb (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-31T18:14:40Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 tese_versao_final_maria_de_fatima_com_alteracoes_propostas_pela_banca.pdf: 2809962 bytes, checksum: 62236ef1d0de4d1761e5bbf72bcab1bb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / A Educação Ambiental, em sua vertente transformadora, tem papel importante para a concretização de processos formativos e práticas relacionadas à constituição da agricultura de base agroecológica e a busca por Justiça Ambiental e Soberania Alimentar. Nesse sentido, a presente tese é resultado de um estudo efetivado junto/com os agricultores envolvidos no Projeto de Agricultura Urbana e Peri-Urbana realizado pelo Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (NUDESE/FURG) no biênio 2008/2009 e que apresentava como proposta a transição agroecológica. As políticas públicas relacionadas à questão da fome e produção de alimentos no Brasil defendem a Agricultura Urbana e Periurbana como uma prática que pode garantir a Segurança Alimentar das populações, mas essa é uma questão que carece ser problematizada e se configura no cerne do problema de pesquisa aqui desenvolvido. Então, partindo das leituras e pesquisas empíricas realizadas essa assertiva é confrontada tomando por base os fundamentos e princípios da Educação Ambiental Transformadora. A tese afirmada é a de que para além dos limites impostos pelo Capitalismo, o desenvolvimento de uma agricultura de base agroecológica – que traz em seu bojo a diversificação da produção e a criação de espaços de formação junto aos agricultores – contribui para a garantia de avanços na busca pela Soberania Alimentar. Além disso, possibilita espaços formativos importantes para a necessária aproximação entre a teoria e as práticas/ações desenvolvidas no campo da Educação Ambiental e da Agroecologia. Os objetivos do estudo foram identificar as mudanças/permanências na forma de organização da produção agrícola de base agroecológica realizadas pelas famílias; apontar os aspectos limitantes e as potencialidades do Projeto e analisar os desafios das ações da Educação Ambiental em sua vertente transformadora frente tal contexto, no que se refere às mudanças nas/das condições materiais e subjetivas que constituem a agricultura de base familiar. A metodologia desenvolvida na pesquisa partiu da revisão bibliográfica, envolvendo a observação participante e a realização de entrevistas. No que tange à discussão/reflexão dos dados/fontes utilizou-se da Análise Textual Discursiva. A partir do estudo realizado, cabe afirmar, corroborando para a ratificação da tese, que as ações desenvolvidas pelo NUDESE, seja no que se refere ao processo formativo ou voltadas à transição agroecológica, foram fundamentais na constituição de espaços de esperança/possibilidades de mudança das condições de injustiça socioambientais hodiernas. De toda sorte, há aspectos que limitaram a proposta em questão e que corroboram para a reafirmação da necessidade de superação do Capitalismo. Esse é o caso da não continuidade de financiamento do Projeto por parte do Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS); a falta de dialogo e articulação mais intensa com o Poder Público Municipal em ambas as cidades estudadas; os problemas estruturais que estão presentes nas feiras livres; a ausência de discussões fundamentais ao longo do processo formativo desenvolvido pelo NUDESE, como é o caso da crítica a forma de organização da produção atual, e seus limites, a relação estabelecida entre os homens entre si e desses com a natureza da qual fazem parte e o protagonismo que os agricultores devem ter com relação às mudanças em sua forma de produzir e viver em um processo como esse. / This dissertation was based on a study carried out with farmers involved in the Urban and Peri-urban Agriculture Project which was developed by the Núcleo de Desenvolvimento Econômico e Social at the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande (NUDESE/FURG), located in Rio Grande, RS, Brazil, in 2008 and 2009. Results show that, beyond the limits imposed by capitalism, the development of Agroecologybased agriculture – which means the diversification of production and the elaboration of educational programs for farmers – has contributed to ensure advances in the search for Food Sovereignty. Furthermore, it has become an important space to discuss and work in Transformative Environmental Education in order to intertwine its theory and its effective practice/action along with the farmers. This study aimed at verifying whether the development of the proposal contributed to ensure the families’ Food Sovereignty and at identifying the limits and possibilities of this action regarding changes it generated and reflections/actions that helped to overcome Environmental Injustice which has been experienced as a whole nowadays. Besides, this research has three specific objectives, namely: to identify changes, if any, in the organization of the families’ Agroecology-based agricultural production; to show the limits and the potentiality the Project has; and to analyze the challenges of actions in Environmental Education in its transformative trend in this context, regarding changes in the material and subjective conditions that constitute family farming. The methodology comprised a literature review, participant observation and interviews with the farmers. Discursive Textual Analysis was used to discuss and reflect upon the data and sources. Actions developed by NUDESE, in terms of the educational process and practices that aim at agroecological transition, were fundamental to create spaces where hope and changes may happen, as opposed to the form of economic organization that prevails these days by defending the interests of agribusiness, rather than little units of family farming. However, there were aspects that limited the actions under investigation and that corroborated the need to cope with capitalism. One of them was the reason why the Project was not funded by the Ministério do Desenvolvimento Social e Combate à Fome (MDS) anymore. In addition, this study pointed out the lack of dialogue and close interaction with the City Government in both cities under study, structural problems faced in street fairs and the lack of discussion throughout the educational program developed by NUDESE concerning the criticism aimed at the organization of the current production, the limits of capitalism, the relations that humans have established among themselves and with nature they live in and, finally, the farmers’ participation in changes related to how they can produce and life in a process like this one.

Submitted by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-04T14:19:56Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mauricio Ferreira Mendes - 2017.pdf: 10297066 bytes, checksum: f01f582963eab550855d7b2e46553dc6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2017-10-04T14:20:31Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mauricio Ferreira Mendes - 2017.pdf: 10297066 bytes, checksum: f01f582963eab550855d7b2e46553dc6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-10-04T14:20:31Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Tese - Mauricio Ferreira Mendes - 2017.pdf: 10297066 bytes, checksum: f01f582963eab550855d7b2e46553dc6 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-09-15 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - CAPES / The central problem is related to the non-implementation of public policies for the peasantry throughout the historical process and consequently an unjust and unequal land structure. However, with pressure of social movements, policies for the sector were institutionalized more consistently in Brazil from 2003. The objective was to discuss the potentialities and limitations of the Food Acquisition Program (PAA) and the National School Feeding Program (PNAE) for the Constitution and the strengthening of peasant territorialities in Mato Grosso, starting from the agribusiness territorial dispute with the peasantry, in view of the permanence in the land, food production and generation of income. For this, four main methodological procedures were adopted: 1) bibliographical and documentary research; 2) data collection; 3) elaboration of cartographic representation and; 4) analysis of primary and secondary data. The primary data were collected through semistructured interviews with researchers and / or peer leaders and peer leaders who accessed or accessed the public policies PAA and PNAE, between February and July 2016. Secondary data were obtained from the National Supply Company (Conab), the Ministry of Agrarian Development (MDA), the National Fund for the Development of Education (FNDE) and the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics (IBGE). The theoretical-methodological basis built considers the territory a multidimensional concept, where the historical process is one of the central themes of analysis. These two policies are strategic, proving to be of fundamental importance for the inclusion and social reproduction of peasants, since the PAA and the PNAE. However, we affirm that the PAA is insufficient to meet the full demand of the state of Mato Grosso, since in many regions and rural settlements there is not even a single PAA project and there are numerous peasant organizations that are no longer served by the Program in 2016 due to lack Financial resources. It is therefore necessary to make progress in consolidating this policy, guaranteeing resources in the Union's budget and also putting people at risk of food insecurity into politics. The PNAE is strongly concentrated in the hands of large capitalist entrepreneurs, allied to state and municipal managers who lie decades of favoring economic groups of families of politicians. The purchase of school meals in several municipalities in Mato Grosso is marked by letters favoring large suppliers, which is a common practice in the State. There are mayors who are totally opposed to purchasing food from peasant agriculture via PNAE, including lobbying in Brasília, to change the law and favor the elite. The PAA and the PNAE present as differentiated public policies for the peasantry, implemented with the territorial approach, result of the struggles of the social movements and the peasants in their idealization. These policies affirm the strategic importance of peasant agriculture for the production of food for the Brazilian's table, strengthening peasant territorialities. The PAA and the PNAE present a political framework with focus on food security and income generation. / O problema central está relacionado com a não implementação de políticas públicas para o campesinato em todo o processo histórico e consequentemente uma injusta e desigual estrutura fundiária. No entanto, com pressão dos movimentos sociais, as políticas para o setor foram institucionalizadas de forma mais consistente no Brasil a partir de 2003. Objetivou-se discutir as potencialidades e limitações do Programa de Aquisição de Alimentos (PAA) e do Programa Nacional de Alimentação Escolar (PNAE) para a constituição e o fortalecimento das territorialidades camponesas em Mato Grosso, a partir da disputa territorial do agronegócio com o campesinato, tendo em vista a permanência na terra, produção de alimentos e geração de renda. Para isso, foram adotados quatro procedimentos metodológicos principais: 1) pesquisa bibliográfica e documental; 2) coleta de dados; 3) elaboração de representação cartográfica e; 4) análise de dados primários e secundários. Os dados primários foram levantados por meio entrevistas semiestruturadas com pesquisadores e/ou estudiosos da temática e lideranças de camponeses que acessam ou acessaram as políticas públicas PAA e PNAE, entre os meses de fevereiro e julho de 2016. Os dados secundários foram obtidos na Companhia Nacional de Abastecimento (Conab), Ministério de Desenvolvimento Agrário (MDA), Fundo Nacional de Desenvolvimento da Educação (FNDE) e Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística (IBGE). O embasamento teórico-metodológico construído considera o território como um conceito multidimensional, onde o processo histórico é um dos temas centrais da análise. Constatou-se que ambos programas são estratégicos, mostrando-se de fundamental importância para a inclusão e reprodução social dos camponeses. Porém, afirmarmos que o PAA é insuficiente para atender toda a demanda do estado de Mato Grosso, pois em muitas regiões e assentamentos rurais não há projeto do PAA e há inúmeras organizações camponesas que deixaram de ser atendidas pelo Programa em 2016 por falta de recursos financeiros. Portanto, necessita-se avançar na consolidação desta política, garantir recursos no orçamento da União e também inserir as pessoas em risco de insegurança alimentar na política. O PNAE está fortemente concentrado nas mãos dos grandes empresários capitalistas, aliados aos gestores estaduais e municipais que são beneficiados há décadas por grupos econômicos de famílias de políticos. A compra de alimentação escolar em vários municípios mato-grossenses ocorre com cartas marcadas favorecendo grandes fornecedores, sendo esta uma prática comum no Estado. Há prefeitos que são totalmente contrários à compra de alimentos da agricultura camponesa via PNAE, inclusive fazendo lobby em Brasília, para mudar a lei e favorecer a elite. O PAA e o PNAE se apresentam como políticas públicas diferenciadas para o campesinato, implementadas com o enfoque territorial, resultado das lutas dos movimentos sociais e dos camponeses na sua idealização. Estas políticas afirmam a importância estratégica da agricultura camponesa para a produção de alimentos para a mesa do brasileiro, fortalecendo as territorialidades camponesas. O PAA e o PNAE apresentam um referencial político com enfoque em segurança alimentar e geração de renda.

Organised community seed banks (OCBSs) are one of the main tools to preserve crop diversity at a local level and therefore constitute an important driver for local resilience, as well as an important tool to move society towards sustainability. Agriculture is a fundamental leverage point for society: it fulfils a basic survival need as well as being one of the causes of humans’ unsustainable impact on the environment. It also holds the key to the preservation of biodiversity, which is increasingly important in the face of climate change and extreme weather conditions, and the reduction in use of chemical fertilisers and pesticides, which is necessary to move towards sustainability. Organised community seed banks have the potential to be a tool for this preservation of biodiversity, however, there is currently a lack of literature, resources and guidelines to position them as such. This research set out to identify the challenges that OCSBs face that could affect their success in contributing to a sustainable society, and the gaps between what management resources are available to them and their current management practices. With the aid of organised seed bank representatives and experts from around the world, the result was the design of a strategic approach to help OCSBs address their challenges and allow them to better contribute to the provision of food sovereignty, food security and socio-ecological sustainability.

Este trabalho trata da narrativa de resistência que o Movimento de Pequenos Agricultores-MPA constituiu para resistir aos processos de expropriação das sementes dos camponeses, no estado de Santa Catarina, Brasil. O objetivo é analisar como o projeto de sementes do movimento influenciou a construção da soberania alimentar por meio de suas ações junto às instituições. Como instrumentos metodológicos fontes primárias e secundárias foram utilizadas, levando em consideração o referencial teórico da ecologia política, focado em conceitos de conflitos socioambientais, justiça ambiental e soberania alimentar. Assim, foi realizada pesquisa de campo, nos anos de 2015 e 2016, nos estados do Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina e Rio Grande do Sul, com diferentes atores que participaram do processo. Da análise constata-se que o movimento por meio da cooperativa Oestebio, desenvolveu a experiência de massificação de sementes crioulas e varietais a partir de uma ampla articulação de ações, alianças com instituições e outros movimentos, influenciando e sendo influenciado por políticas públicas e ações do Estado para constituir a soberania genética com base no projeto de soberania alimentar. Ao teceram uma longa teia de relações, articulando os campos político, econômico, científico e socioambiental, ancorado no diálogo constante nos diferentes níveis local, regional, nacional e internacional - constituíram uma experiência portadora da soberania alimentar dentro dos limites atuais da economia política contemporânea, expropriadora de recursos e geradora de conflitos e injustiças socioambientais. / This thesis is about the resistance narrative of Small Farmers Movement has established to resist to expropriation of peasants seeds, in the Santa Catarina state, Brazil. The goal is to analyze how the project of seed of the movement has impacted the food sovereignty throughout its actions with institutions. Primary and secondary sources were used as methodological tools taking account the political ecology approach, focusing on concepts such as socio-environmental conflicts, environmental justice and food sovereignty. A field work was conducted, in 2015 and 2016, in Distrito Federal, Santa Catarina and Rio Grande do Sul states, interviewing several actors who took part of this process. It was verified that the movement by means of Oestebio cooperative developed the experience of multliplication of native and varietals seeds throughout a broad articulation of actions, alliances with institutions and others social movements. It has influenced and has received influence of public policies and State actions to constitute genetic sovereignty based on its food sovereignty project. By weaving a long web of relations, connecting the political, economical, scientific and socio-environmental fields, based on a frequent dialogue in different levels local, regional, national and international they built an experience of food sovereignty inside current limits of the political economy, expropriator of resources and producer of socio-environmental conflicts and injustices.

Orientador: Eduardo Paulon Girardi / Resumo: Imprescindível na manutenção das condições de acumulação do capital, o regime alimentar e a sua etapa corporativa fazem surgir os impérios alimentares, modos de ordenamento que trazem em si o potencial de controlar integralmente a produção, distribuição e consumo de alimentos. Em que pese a sua abrangência global, o controle atualmente exercido pelos impérios alimentares se realiza, efetivamente, na escala de cada um dos municípios produtores, o que evidencia a necessidade não apenas da articulação de escalas para o entendimento dos processos, mas, principalmente, da importância de pensar a produção ativa da mesma, estratégia pela qual é possível apontar caminhos para a superação das relações de dependência subentendidas às grandes cadeias de abastecimento. Nesse contexto, a expansão de monoculturas como a cana-de-açúcar e a consequente redução local e regional da produção de alimentos reforça a separação que permite aos impérios alimentares controlar produtores e consumidores. Isto posto, a partir dos referenciais teóricos e conceituais da Geografia, este trabalho tem por objetivo demonstrar a validade da tese de que a expansão da cana-de-açúcar implica na redução da produção de alimentos hortifrútis e, com isso, no aumento das distâncias percorridas pelos alimentos. No estado de São Paulo, a expansão do agronegócio sucroenergético pressupõe a incorporação crescente de áreas anteriormente utilizadas para outros tipos de cultivo, o que inclui, inevitavelmente, alimentos. Com ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: Essential in maintaining the conditions of capital accumulation, the food regime and its corporate stage give rise to food empires, modes of planning that bring the potential to fully control the production, distribution and consumption of food. Despite its global scope, the control currently exercised by the food empires is effectively carried out on the scale of each of the producing municipalities, which highlights the need not only for the articulation of scales to understand the processes, but mainly of the importance of thinking about its active production, a strategy by which it is possible to point out ways to overcome the dependency relationships implied by the large supply chains. In this context, the expansion of monocultures such as sugar cane and the consequent local and regional reduction of food production reinforces the separation that allows food empires to control producers and consumers. Thus, based on the theoretical and conceptual references of Geography, this research aims to demonstrate the validity of the thesis that the expansion of sugarcane implies a reduction in the production of fruits and vegetables and, thus, in the increasing distances traveled by the food. In the state of São Paulo, the expansion of sugarcane agribusiness presupposes the increasing incorporation of areas previously used for other types of cultivation, which inevitably includes food. With this, their production becomes difficult and reduced, especially at local and regional sca... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Resumen: Esencial para mantener las condiciones de acumulación del capital, lo régimen alimentario y su etapa corporativa dan lugar a imperios alimentarios, modos de planificación que brindan el potencial de controlar completamente la producción, distribución y consumo de alimentos. A pesar de su alcance global, el control que ejercen actualmente los imperios alimentarios se lleva a cabo efectivamente en la escala de cada uno de los municipios productores, lo que pone de relieve la necesidad no solo de la articulación de escalas para comprender los procesos, sino principalmente la importancia de pensar en su producción activa, una estrategia mediante la cual es posible señalar formas de superar las relaciones de dependencia que implican las grandes cadenas de suministro. En este contexto, la expansión de monocultivos como la caña de azúcar y la consiguiente reducción local y regional en la producción de alimentos refuerza la separación que permite a los imperios alimentarios controlar a los productores y consumidores. Por lo tanto, con base en los marcos teóricos y conceptuales de Geografía, este trabajo tiene como objetivo demostrar la validez de la tesis de que la expansión de la caña de azúcar implica una reducción en la producción de frutas y verduras y, por lo tanto, un aumento de las distancias viajadas por la comida. En el estado de São Paulo, la expansión de la agroindustria azucarera y energética presupone la incorporación creciente de áreas previamente utilizadas para otros ... (Resumen completo clicar acceso eletrônico abajo) / Doutor

Cotutelle avec l'Université de Montpellier / Cette thèse se penche sur la transition du système alimentaire du Nunavik et sur ses conséquences pour le bien-être des Inuit. Elle soumet l’hypothèse que la nouvelle configuration territoriale du système alimentaire modifie les interactions humains-milieux, ce qui le rend incompatible à la fois avec les écosystèmes du Nunavik, et avec la culture et l’identité inuit. L’intensification des liens entre économie inuit et économie globalisée concourt à placer les territoires nordiques dans une position d’échange inégal et de dépendance envers les producteurs et les fournisseurs d’un secteur agroalimentaire exogène au sein duquel les résidents du Nord ont peu d’occasions de se faire entendre. La souveraineté alimentaire à l’égard des aliments du marché est ainsi fortement limitée, ce qui affecte négativement la santé et le bien-être inuit. Des pistes de solution pour améliorer la résilience du système alimentaire, dont le développement de projets de jardinage communautaire et l’amélioration de l’accès aux aliments traditionnels, y sont explorées. La collecte des données pour réaliser les quatre articles qui forment le corps de cette thèse s’est échelonnée entre octobre 2015 et mars 2019 dans les villages nordiques de Kuujjuaq et Kangiqsujuaq, au Nunavik. La variété des méthodes utilisées, alliant les entretiens semi-dirigés, la réalisation de cartes mentales, des analyses de sol et des ateliers participatifs, a permis de relever le triple défi de l’interdisciplinarité, de la recherche-action participative et d’un terrain particulièrement difficile d’accès. Les résultats illustrent que les aliments traditionnels issus des activités de chasse, de pêche et de cueillette demeurent des vecteurs importants de la relation au territoire et du bien-être inuit, malgré le fait qu’ils ne représentent plus qu’une petite fraction de l’alimentation. La perte de mobilité et l’adoption d’un nouveau mode de vie, accompagnées et rendues possibles par la transition du système alimentaire, ont perturbé les interactions humains-milieux à différents niveaux. La plus grande pression exercée sur l'environnement naturel provient des activités humaines menées ailleurs sur la planète et d’un modèle de consommation incompatible qui génèrent de nombreuses externalités négatives sur l’environnement et la santé humaine. L’un des apports les plus significatifs de cette thèse est d’avoir montré comment les questions alimentaires, sociales, climatiques et énergétiques sont interreliées, et par quels mécanismes. La conclusion pointant les conséquences cumulatives des changements climatiques, de la contamination environnementale et de la colonisation fait une synthèse des enjeux auxquels est confronté le système socioécologique du Nunavik. / This thesis focuses on the transition of Nunavik’s food system and on the consequences of that transition for the region’s inhabitants. The thesis’s hypothesis is that the food system’s new territorial configuration changes the interactions between humans and the natural environment, and thus becomes incompatible with Nunavik’s ecosystems as well as Inuit culture and identity. Intensifying relations between the Inuit economy and the globalized economy put northern territories in a position of unequal exchange and dependency in relation to producers and suppliers from an exogenous agri-food sector that offers northern residents few opportunities to be heard. Food market sovereignty is thus severely restricted, which harms Inuit health and well-being. This thesis explores potential solutions for improving the food system’s resilience, such as developing community gardening projects and improving access to traditional foods. The data on which the four articles of this thesis are based was collected between October 2015 and March 2019 in the northern villages of Kuujjuaq and Kangiqsujuaq, in Nunavik. The variety of methods used, combining semi-constructed interviews, the development of mental maps, soil analyses and participatory workshops, made it possible to meet the triple challenge of interdisciplinarity, participatory action research, and terrain particularly difficult to access. The results illustrate that traditional foods from hunting, fishing and gathering activities remain major factors for the Inuit in their interactions with the natural environment and in their well-being, although those activities now represent only a small fraction of the food supply. Loss of mobility and the adoption of a new lifestyle, accompanied and made possible by the food system’s transition, have disturbed the interactions between humans and the natural environment on various levels. The greatest pressure exerted on the natural environment originates from human activities carried out elsewhere in the world and from an incompatible consumption model that generate numerous negative externalities on the environment and human health. One of the most significant contributions of this thesis is to have demonstrated the mechanisms by which nutritional, social, climate and energy issues are interrelated. The conclusion, pointing to the cumulative consequences of climate change, environmental contamination and colonization, summarizes the issues confronting Nunavik’s socio-ecological system.

The biology and the patterns of wild environments and their organisms have solutions to the many environmental, social and economical challenges that we are facing globally. As an emerging designer, I believe that the tendencies of the ecological environments can be analyzed, mimicked and implemented by designers into different socio-cultural systems. In my design process I have been exploring practices that promote food sovereignty as a right that every living being should have. The results of my exploration is a guide to help to learn about and from wild edibles to deepen our connection with nature. My design includes my own process and iteration as well as one designed for those who are interested in exploring foraging practices.This project recognizes the different spheres and complexities of sustainability. It analyzes how our cultural and social practices impact the ecological environment, while, at the same time, it brings practical examples to understand the effects that our economy has on the overall well-being of the ecology, and suggests that we all can be beneficial participants as and in nature.The title “We grow wild” refers to the plants, which grow wildly in parks, hedgerows, paths and forests, as well as it encourages to rediscover the wild nature that re-emerges in us through active participation in the ecological environment we inhabit.

This thesis examines how food sovereignty has been conceptualized by the Indonesian peasant union, Serikat Petani Indonesia, and how this framing has been affected by the transnational food sovereignty movement and national ideology of food self-sufficiency in Indonesia. This thesis will analyze how food sovereignty is conceptualized in the document Vision for Food Sovereignty 2014-2024 released by Serikat Petani Indonesia. The analysis will be conducted through a critical discourse analysis. Critical discourse analysis will account for both the theory and method, however the theory will be synthesized through FRT. The analysis will look at the food sovereignty discourse in its larger historical context. This thesis finds that while food sovereignty has traveled transnationally through the food sovereignty movement as a counter-hegemonic concept that propagate support for peasant farmers and their control for land and resources, in the Vision for Food Sovereignty 2014-2024 document, food sovereignty is framed as food sovereignty for Indonesia, the country. This means that the ability for peasants to mobilize food sovereignty in Indonesia for the purpose of supporting the control of land and recourses is diminished. Thus, food sovereignty has been co-opted and reproduced in the hegemonic relations between farmers, corporations and the state.