Práticas nutricionais saudáveis e a globalização cultural popularizaram o consumo de pratos à base de peixe cru, anteriormente restritos aos países orientais. Estimativas mostram que doenças de origem alimentar causam aproximadamente 76 milhões de casos, 325 mil hospitalizações e 5 mil mortes a cada ano, somente nos Estados Unidos. Casos com etiologia desconhecida somam 62 milhões, com 265 mil hospitalizações e 3.200 mortes. O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar a presença de Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp. e Staphylococcus aureus e cepas potencialmente patogênicas de Aeromonas spp. e Vibrio spp. em peixes comercializados em feiras livres da cidade de São Paulo, Brasil. Vinte amostras de peixes, de diferentes espécies, foram adquiridas em feiras livres e analisadas utilizando metodologia convencional para investigação de patógenos em alimentos. Altos níveis de contaminação fecal foram detectados em 25% das amostras. Staphylococcus aureus foi isolado em 10% das amostras, entretanto em valores abaixo do permitido pela legislação brasileira. Todas as amostras estavam negativas para Salmonella spp. V. parahaemolyticus não foi isolado, 30% das amostras foram positivas para outras espécies de Vibrio, inclusive Vibrio cholerae não-O1/não-O139. Aeromonas spp. , incluindo A. hydrophila foi isolada em 50% das amostras de peixe. O isolamento de Vibrio cholerae não-O1/não-O139 e Aeromonas hydrophila, assim como Staphylococcus aureus e Escherichia coli, sugere que peixes comercializados em feiras livres da cidade de São Paulo podem representar um risco para os consumidores e ser um importante veículo de transmissão de espécies enteropatogênicas. / Healthier nutritional lifestyles and cultural globalization have popularized the consumption of raw fish dishes that were previously restricted to oriental countries. Estimates indicate that food-borne diseases cause approximately 76 million illnesses, 325,000 hospitalizations and 5,000 deaths each year in the United States alone. Cases with unknown etiology account for 62 million illnesses, 265,000 hospitalizations and 3,200 deaths. The purpose of this study was to investigate the presence of Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Staphylococcus aureus and potentially pathogenic strains of Aeromonas spp. and Vibrio spp. in fish commercialized at the retail level in the markets of São Paulo City, Brazil. Twenty fish of different species were analysed for foodborne pathogens using conventional methodologies. High levels of faecal contamination were detected in 25% of fish samples. Staphylococcus aureus was isolated from 10% of samples; however, in each case this was below the limits established by Brazilian legislation. All samples were negative for Salmonella and 30% tested positive for others Vibrio spp., including Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139. Vibrio parahaemolyticus was not found in this study. Aeromonas spp., including A. hydrophila, were isolated in 50% of fish samples. The isolation of Vibrio cholerae non-O1/non-O139 and Aeromonas hydrophila as well as Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli suggests that fish commercialized in São Paulo City may represent a health risk to consumers and be an important vehicle for transmission of these enteropathogenic species.

This study is aimed to assess the extent of street food vendor information and education on food safety. Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of street food vendors, within the City of Johannesburg, with regard to food hygiene and safety. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study utilizing a quantitative research approach. Data was collected through face-to-face interviewing of street food vendors, with observations of general hygiene and cleanliness. Data was captured in Excel and imported into CDC Epi Info version 3.4.3 (2007) for analysis. Numerical data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and categorical data was analyzed using frequencies. Bivariate analysis was used to establish differences between regions with high and low proportions of street food vendors with regard to knowledge, practices and attitudes variables.

This study is aimed to assess the extent of street food vendor information and education on food safety. Aim: To determine the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of street food vendors, within the City of Johannesburg, with regard to food hygiene and safety. Methods: A descriptive, cross-sectional study utilizing a quantitative research approach. Data was collected through face-to-face interviewing of street food vendors, with observations of general hygiene and cleanliness. Data was captured in Excel and imported into CDC Epi Info version 3.4.3 (2007) for analysis. Numerical data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and categorical data was analyzed using frequencies. Bivariate analysis was used to establish differences between regions with high and low proportions of street food vendors with regard to knowledge, practices and attitudes variables.

The entire thesis text is included in the research.pdf file; the official abstract appears in the short.pdf file; a non-technical public abstract appears in the public.pdf file. Title from PDF of title page (University of Missouri--Columbia, viewed on March 23, 2010). Thesis advisor: Dr. Mengshi Lin. Includes bibliographical references.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2007-04-26Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:09:50Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 pizzolitto_n_me_arafcf.pdf: 428241 bytes, checksum: 7f12808d8c56c81553b87cd1604bdff5 (MD5) / Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP) / A diarréia do viajante é o problema de saúde, mais comum, associado ao turista em termos de freqüência e impacto econômico contribuindo para a perda de rendimentos obtidos pelo turismo, em países em desenvolvimento. O objetivo da presente pesquisa foi identificar os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes, nos surtos de doença transmitida por alimentos e/ou água em núcleos receptores turísticos, conhecer a sazonalidade e caracterizar a população segundo a idade e os alimentos suspeitos. Baseou-se nas notificações enviadas à Divisão de Doença de Transmissão Hídrica e Alimentar (DDTHA), Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica (CVE), Secretaria Estadual de Saúde (SES) do Estado de São Paulo, no período 2002 a 2005 e informações das Vigilâncias Sanitárias da Direção Regional de Saúde (DIR). Os núcleos receptores turísticos selecionados foram: cidade de São Paulo e alguns municípios do interior como Águas de São Pedro, Campinas, Campos de Jordão, Franca, Jundiaí, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto, São José dos Campos, São José do Rio Preto e do litoral como Guarujá, Peruíbe, Praia Grande, Santos e Ubatuba. Os resultados mostraram que o núcleo receptor turístico cidade de São Paulo, notificou 304 surtos, 3382 casos/doentes e dois óbitos. Do interior foram notificados 116 surtos e 8016 casos/doentes e três óbitos. Do litoral foram notificados 11 surtos, 253 casos/doentes e três óbitos, compreendendo um total de 431 surtos, sendo 129.340 comensais, 11.651 casos/doentes e 8 óbitos. Os agentes etiológicos mais freqüentes foram : vírus (58,08%), bactérias (72,72%), protozoários (4,67%), helmintos (0,83%), fungos (0,15%) e produtos químicos (0,12%). A freqüência dos agentes etiológicos foi: Rotavirus 31,86%; coliformes 28,38%; Salmonella sp. 13,55% (Salmonella Enteritidis 5,08% e Salmonella Typhimurium 2,88%)... / Travelers' diarrhea is the most common travel-related health problem in terms of frequency and economic impact. Travelers' diarrhea also contributes to loss of income from tourism in developing countries. The aim of the present study was to find the principle pathogens involved in outbreaks of food poisoning in tourist centers, and discover in what season the outbreaks occur, and age of the population. This study was based on informations sent to Divisão de Doença de Transmissão Hídrica e Alimentar (DDTHA), Centro de Vigilância Epidemiológica (CVE), Secretaria Estadual de Saúde (SES) do Estado de São Paulo and Vigilâncias Sanitárias da Direção Regional de Saúde (DIR) from 2002 - 2005. The tourist centers selected for the study were: São Paulo city; Águas de São Pedro, Campinas, Campos de Jordão, Franca, Jundiaí, Piracicaba, Pirassununga, Ribeirão Preto, São José dos Campos, São José do Rio Preto; Guarujá, Peruíbe, Praia Grande, Santos, and Ubatuba. The results showed that São Paulo city reported 304 outbreaks, 3,382 cases/disease and two deaths. From the interior of the state of São Paulo (116 outbreaks), 8016 cases/disease and 3 deaths were registered. From the coast (11 outbreaks), 253 cases/disease and 3 deaths were registered. In total there were 431 outbreaks, 129,340 persons exposed, 11,651 cases/disease and 8 deaths. The etiological agents were bacteria (72.72%), virus (58.08%), protozoa (4.67%), nematodes (0.83%), fungi (0.15%) and chemical products (0.12%). The frequency of causative pathogens was: Rotavirus 31.86%, coliforms 28.38%... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

Submitted by Gabriel Augusto Marques Rossi null (gabrielrossiveterinario@hotmail.com) on 2018-01-10T19:18:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese_Gabriel_Augusto_Marques_Rossi.pdf: 3246904 bytes, checksum: 2ed62292bd3bfa8f9ec88fe41c5bbaa2 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Alexandra Maria Donadon Lusser Segali null (alexmar@fcav.unesp.br) on 2018-01-11T10:23:42Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 rossi_gam_dr_jabo.pdf: 3246904 bytes, checksum: 2ed62292bd3bfa8f9ec88fe41c5bbaa2 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-01-11T10:23:42Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 rossi_gam_dr_jabo.pdf: 3246904 bytes, checksum: 2ed62292bd3bfa8f9ec88fe41c5bbaa2 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-12-06 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / As bactérias pertencentes ao grupo do Bacillus cereus são importantes para indústrias processadoras de leite e produtos lácteos devido à capacidade de sobrevivência aos tratamentos térmicos utilizados durante os processamentos, e consequente deterioração dos produtos e risco à saúde pública. Assim, inicialmente, objetivou-se compreender a estrutura populacional de isolados pertencentes ao grupo do B. cereus na cadeia produtiva do leite e produtos lácteos. Por meio da utilização de amostragem estruturada e técnicas genômicas comparativas, investigou-se quais linhagens específicas e genes estão significativamente associados a estágios de produção específicos e produtos. Os genomas de 69 isolados obtidos de equipamentos, leite cru e produtos lácteos foram comparados com outros 193 disponíveis de diversas origens. A estrutura populacional incluiu os conhecidos grupos filogenéticos II, III, IV, V e VI, e quase todos os isolados dos produtos lácteos pertenceram ao grupo III. A investigação de genes específicos revelou um grande número de isolados carreando aqueles relacionados à produção de toxinas, como o cytK (53,62%), hblA (59,42%), hblC (44,93%), hblD (53,62%), nheA (84,06%), nheB (89,86%), nheC (84,06%), cesA (2,90%) e cesB (2,90%). Os isolados pertencentes aos grupos IV e V possuíram uma prevalência significativamente maior dos genes hblACD e o grupo IV do gene cytK. Os isolados obtidos de produtos lácteos tiveram uma prevalência significativamente menor dos genes cytK e hblACD comparados aos de equipamentos e leite cru/tanques de refrigeração. A análise genômica populacional demonstrou a diversidade dos isolados e a variedade de funções dentro do grupo do B. cereus da cadeia produtiva leiteira, com grande número de isolados potencialmente capazes de causar doenças alimentares. Posteriormente, objetivou-se avaliar a viabilidade do processo de tindalização de leite cru refrigerado e determinar se o processo de pasteurização do leite influencia na expressão dos genes relacionados à produção das toxinas diarreicas pelo B. cereus s.s. em leite experimentalmente contaminado. Para isso, realizou-se um processo de tindalização de leite cru refrigerado e então foi realizada a contaminação com um isolado potencialmente toxigênico, e, posteriormente, o mesmo foi pasteurizado, envasado e mantido em refrigeração durante 10 dias. Em momentos determinados, foram coletadas amostras do produto afim de avaliar a expressão de genes codificadores de toxinas (hblACD, nheABC e cytK). O protocolo de tindalização utilizado permitiu redução logarítmica da população de bactérias do grupo do B. cereus e foi possível detectar a expressão do gene hblA em amostras de leite 5 e 10 dias após a pasteurização. Conclui-se que o modelo proposto foi adequado e que a expressão do gene hblA não foi inibida após a realização da pasteurização do leite, demonstrando o potencial risco aos consumidores decorrentes do consumo de leite pasteurizado contaminado. / The bacteria belonging to Bacillus cereus group are important to dairy industries due their ability to survive to thermal treatments used during processing, and consequently cause food spoilage and risk to public health. Thus, firstly, this study aimed to better understand the population structure of B. cereus group isolates in dairy production chain. Using structured sampling of B. cereus in dairy production chain and comparative genomics techniques, we investigated if specific lineages and genes are significantly overrepresented in particular production stages. The genomes of 69 isolates obtained from equipments, raw milk and dairy products were compared with others 193 avaiable from several origins. The populational structure included the known phylogenetic groups II, III, IV, V and V, and almost all isolates from dairy products belonged to group III. The genes investigation showed a high number of isolates carrying genes related to toxins production, such as cytK (53.62%), hblA (59.42%), hblC (44.93%), hblD (53.62%), nheA (84.06%), nheB (89.86%), nheC (84.06%), cesA (2.90%) and cesB (2.90%). The isolates belonging to groups IV and V had a significant higher prevalence of genes hblACD an group VI of cytK. The isolates obtained from dairy products had a significant lower prevalence of genes cytK and hblACD compared to those from equipments and raw milk/bulk tanks. The populational genomic analyses showed the diversity of isolates and variability of functions in B. cereus group in dairy production chain, with a high number of isolates potentially able to cause foodborne disease. Posteriorly, this study aimed to evaluate the viability of tyndallizating raw milk and to establish if milk’s pasteurization influences on the expression of genes related to the production of diarrheal toxins by B. cereus s.s. using a milk contamined experimentally. For this purpose, the tyndallization of raw milk was performed and later it was contaminated with a potentially toxigenic isolate, and, posteriorly, it was pasteurized, packaged and kept under refrigeration during 10 days. In established periods, samples of this product were collected in order to evaluate the expression of genes related to toxins production (hblACD, nheABC and cytK). The protocol used for tyndallization allowed a logarithmic reduction of population of B. cereus group and the expression of hblA gene was detected in samples from milk after 5 and 10 days after pasteurization. It was concluded that the proposed model was appropriate and the expression of hblA gene was not inihibited after milk pasteurization, highlighting the potential risk for consumers through consumption of contamined pasteurized milk. / 2016/19214-9 / 2014/13104-1

Master of Science / Hospitality Management and Dietetics / Kevin R. Roberts / Many pathogenic microorganisms are spread by contaminated hands and may lead to foodborne illness. The use of hand sanitizers can significantly reduce bacterial contamination and is an efficient and inexpensive method to prevent infections and sickness. Previous researchers have found that the routine use of hand sanitizers allowed the U.S. Army to significantly reduce illness. However, few studies have been conducted within a U.S. Army dining facility, which is considered to be one of the primary sources of foodborne illness within the U.S. Army. Therefore, using the Theory of Planned Behavior, the purpose of this study was to identify the behavioral intention, attitudes, subjective norms, and perceptions of control of using hand sanitizer among military personnel. The study targeted soldiers using a written survey during their lunch hour on the U.S. Army base at Fort Riley, KS. A total of 201 surveys were collected. All data were screened and entered into IBM SPSS for analysis. Results indicated that attitudes, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control explained 64% of the variance in behavioral intention. Attitude and subjective norms were found to be significant predictors of behavioral intention, with attitude being the strongest predictor. In general, behavioral beliefs were positive among soldiers. Related to normative beliefs, soldiers did perceive negative social pressure from other soldiers not to use hand sanitizers. Analysis of control beliefs found soldiers perceived hand sanitizers were readily available, but disliked their smell and feel after application. Food production managers and Army commanders can use these results to implement hand sanitation behavioral interventions within military dining environments. Practical implications will likely translate to reduced healthcare costs, decreased absenteeism rates, and improved mission readiness. Some of the limitations include commonly perceived social psychology bias. Further, clustered samples were collected within one military installation in a relatively short amount of time.

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-09-09T11:44:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 hugovieirafajardo.pdf: 1531404 bytes, checksum: f5fe49445c6f2c8dfc323eea58325b41 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Diamantino Mayra (mayra.diamantino@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-09-13T15:40:16Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 hugovieirafajardo.pdf: 1531404 bytes, checksum: f5fe49445c6f2c8dfc323eea58325b41 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-09-13T15:40:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 hugovieirafajardo.pdf: 1531404 bytes, checksum: f5fe49445c6f2c8dfc323eea58325b41 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-03-01 / A toxoplasmose é uma zoonose mundialmente disseminada causada pelo protozoário intracelular obrigatório Toxoplasma gondii. Os felídeos são os únicos hospedeiros definitivos, pois neles ocorre a reprodução sexuada e eliminação de oocistos pelas fezes, enquanto que o homem, outros mamíferos e as aves são hospedeiros intermediários e não possuem esta característica, transmitindo a doença por via congênita ou principalmente quando sua carne é ingerida na alimentação por outros animais. O hábito alimentar do brasileiro e a grande importância econômica do país no cenário internacional da pecuária bovina de corte, objetivaram este trabalho a realizar um estudo soroepidemiológico da toxoplasmose bovina na Zona da Mata Mineira e detecção dos fatores de risco de infecção e disseminação do parasito entre os bovinos criados para o abate. Para isso, foram coletadas 1200 amostras de sangue de bovinos para análise sorológica, utilizando-se a técnica de reação de imunofluorescência indireta (RIFI); também foi feita uma visita às propriedades rurais de onde provinham estes animais abatidos, e realizado um questionário epidemiológico com os produtores rurais destes estabelecimentos, com perguntas que esclareciam algumas dúvidas sobre o manejo e condições sanitárias das propriedades em questão que poderiam influenciar e servir como fatores de risco no ciclo deste parasito. Encontramos uma prevalência de 2,68% de animais positivos analisados para anticorpos anti-T.gondii da classe IgG, e com relação aos fatores de risco, os que envolvem a atuação de um médico veterinário na criação, sinais clínicos da doença e presença de felinos nas propriedades obtiveram um destaque nos resultados encontrados como fatores com consideráveis níveis de significância estatística e correlação positiva com a soropositividade dos animais. / The toxoplasmosis is a zoonose worldwide disseminated, caused by the obligatory intracellular protozoan Toxoplasma gondii. The felines are the only definitive hosts, because in this host the parasites can reproduce sexually and eliminate oocistos through the host feaces. The man kind, like other mammals, and also the birds are intermediary hosts, transmitting the toxoplasmosis congenitally or mainly when its meat is ingested by other animals. Brazilian’s food habit and the great economical importance of the country in the international cattle field are important factors that justify the investigation about the prevalence of toxoplasmosis in cattle. Therefore, the purpose of this work was to realize a seroepidemiologic study of the bovine toxoplasmosis at the Zona da Mata, in Minas Gerais. Looking forward to elucidate the risk factors of infection and insemination from the parasite in between the cattle designated to slaughter. For that, 1200 samples of cattle blood were collected for the serological analysis, using the indirect reaction of imunofluorescence technique (IRIF); visits to the rural properties where those animals came were also realized and on those occasions the rural producers from these properties responded to a epidemiological questionnaire with questions about the properties managing and sanitary conditions, that could act as risk factors of infection by T. gondii. Among the 1195 animals tested for IgG anti-T. gondii, using the IRIF technique 32 presented themselves seropositives, which means 2,68% of prevalecence. Bovines from 53 properties located in the Zona da Mata Mineira were analized. From these 53 properties, 17 (30,07%) showed one or more serologically positives animals for T. gondii. With respect to risk factors, the ones that involve the actuation of a Veterinary Doctor in the raising, clinical signs of the disease and the presence of felines in the properties got a highlight on the results found as factors with considerable levels of statistic significance and positive relations to the seropositivity of the animals.

Submitted by Gabriela Lopes (gmachadolopesufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-14T17:41:15Z No. of bitstreams: 2 license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Dissertação Darla Silveira Volcan Maia.pdf: 1194381 bytes, checksum: b604e15daa48092534ea10a3647416c8 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Aline Batista (alinehb.ufpel@gmail.com) on 2017-03-17T22:15:15Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Darla Silveira Volcan Maia.pdf: 1194381 bytes, checksum: b604e15daa48092534ea10a3647416c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2017-03-17T22:15:15Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação Darla Silveira Volcan Maia.pdf: 1194381 bytes, checksum: b604e15daa48092534ea10a3647416c8 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2017-02-01 / Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq / A demanda por alimentos livres de conservantes químicos sintéticos tem aumentado. Nos últimos anos, vários estudos foram realizados a fim de se obter compostos antimicrobianos naturais. Alguns estudos foram realizados com frutas nativas do Brasil, no entanto, não existem estudos avaliando o potencial antibacteriano do butiá. O objetivo deste estudo foi prospectar a atividade antibacteriana de extratos de butiá (Butia odorata) com diferentes polaridades e caracterizar quimicamente o extracto com a melhor atividade. Um extrato hexânico e um metanólico de butiá foram avaliados quanto à sua atividade antibacteriana contra três bactérias Gram-positivas (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus e Bacillus cereus) e três bactérias Gram-negativas (Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7 e Pseudomonas aeruginosa), pelo método de difusão em ágar, Concentração Inibitória Mínima (CIM) e Concentração Bactericida Mínima (CBM). Ambos extratos apresentaram atividade antibacteriana, entretanto, o extrato hexânico (EHB) apresentou desempenho superior, portanto realizou-se a caracterização química por CG-MS deste extrato. Interessantemente, o EHB apresentou maior atividade contra bactérias Gram-negativas, sendo E. coli O157:H7, a mais sensível (CBM 5 µL.mL-1 ). Entre as bactérias Gram-positivas, S. aureus (CBM 20 μL.mL-1 ) foi a mais sensível. Os fitoesteróis representaram 51% do EHB, sendo gama-sitosterol o composto predominante, constituindo 22% do extrato. / Demand for synthetic chemical preservative free foods has increased. In recent years several studies have been conducted in order to obtain natural antimicrobial compounds. Some studies were performed with native fruit from Brazil, however there are no studies evaluating the potential antibacterial of jelly palm fruits (butiá). The objective of the study was exploring the antibacterial activity of butiá (Butia odorata) extracts with different polarities and chemically characterize the extract with the best activity. A hexane and a methanol extract of butiá were evaluated for their antibacterial activity against three Grampositive (Listeria monocytogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus) and three Gram-negative bacteria (Salmonella Typhimurium, Escherichia coli O157:H7, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) by the agar diffusion method, Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Both extracts showed antibacterial activity, however of hexane extract (BHE) showed superior performance, therefore the chemical characterization by CG-MS for this extract. Interestingly, the BHE higher activity against Gram-negative bacteria, and E. coli O157:H7 was the most sensitive (MBC 5 μL.mL-1 ). Of the Gram-positive bacteria, S. aureus (MBC 20 μL.mL-1 ) was the most sensitive. Phytosterols represented 51% of the BHE and gamma-sitosterol was the predominant compound constituting 22% of the extract.

No description available.