I studied the practical problems of agricultural products supply to selected catering facilities. The theoretical part describes the development of public catering, catering services and their classification. The chapter concerning the institutional catering systems focuses on the school and university catering facilities, including the recent legislative. The empirical part of the thesis was conducted using two approaches. In the qualitative part, I asked the directors of selected catering facilities several questions to find the potential differences between those facilities. Concurrently, I ran also a quantitative research using the questionnaires. This research targeted the exact demands of the boarders.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:24:39Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-01-28Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:52:24Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 moro_al_me_botfca.pdf: 630824 bytes, checksum: 5deb079651b6036e1d8c981700a5fc8d (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Este trabalho teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma massa alimentícia produzida a partir de mandioca cozida para utilização em diversos fins culinários. Foram investigadas as características sensoriais, químicas e microbiológicas dessa massa alimentícia de mandioca e também parâmetros que interferem na vida de prateleira do produto final. A variedade de mandioca foi a IAC 576-70, classificada como de mesa, colhida com idade fisiológica de 14 meses e estocada por 24 horas. Em seguida as raízes foram descascadas, cortadas em toletes e retirado o cordão central nas raízes. Foram colocadas em alto clave a 100ºC por 40 minutos e em seguidas moídas onde receberam adição de maltodextrina de amido de milho waxy 0, 5, 10 e 15%, para a diminuição da retrogradação e adição de ácido cítrico a 1% no controle da contaminação microbiológica. As amostras foram acondicionadas em embalagens de polietileno e armazenadas a temperatura refrigerada (10ºC ± 0,5 ºC) e em temperatura ambiente, para análises físico, químicas e microbiológicas. Os lotes de amostras foram produzidos em triplicatas com 7 períodos de avaliações (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 e 12). Houve diferenças estatisticamente significativas (p≤0,01) tanto em relação ao tempo como ao armazenamento para os teores de açúcar redutor, acidez titulável e textura, e os teores de umidade e pH não variável significativamente. O tratamento com adição de maltodextrina a 15% apresentou o melhor resultado contra o aumento da textura. O comportamento destes fatores durante a vida de prateleira não afetou os parâmetros sensoriais avaliados em produtos culinários da massa (purê e mandioca frita). Não ocorreu sinérese nas amostras. Aos sete DAP (dias após o preparo), a contaminação microbiológica na condição ambiente foi visualmente 2 alta, sendo descartado esse lote. O lote em condição refrigerado seguiu suas avaliações até o 14º DAP. / This work had as objective the development of a nutritious mass produced starting from cooked cassava for use in the several ends culinary. Were investigated the sensorial characteristics, physics chemistries and microbiological this foodstuffs mass of cassava and also parameters that interfere in the shelf life of the finish product. The cassava variety was IAC 576-70, classified as of table, picked with physiologic age of 14 months and stocked by 24 hours and soon afterwards they were peeled, cut in thole and withdraw central cord in the roots. They were put in high key to 100ºC for 40 minutes and soon afterwards ground where received treatments with addition of maltodextrina of starch of corn waxy 0 were, 5, 10 and 15%, and citric acid addition to 1% that searched for to reduce the retrogradação and to control the contamination microbiological. The samples were conditioned in packings of polyethylene and stored the refrigerated temperature (10ºC ± 0,5 ºC) and in room atmosphere. The lots of samples were produced in triplicates with 7 periods of evaluations (0, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 and 12). There were significant differences statistically (p≤0,01) so much in relation to the time as to the storage for the tenors of sugar reducer, acidity titulável and texture, and the humidity tenors and pH they stayed unaffected. The treatment with maltodextrina addition to 15% presented the best result against the increase of the texture. The behavior of these factors during the shelf life didn't affect the appraised sensorial parameters in culinary products of the mass (purée and fried cassava). It didn't happen syneresis in the samples. To seven DAP (days after the preparation), the contamination microbiological in the environment condition was visually high, being discarded this lot. The lot in condition refrigerated followed their evaluations until 14th DAP.

RESUMO As marcas de mordidas têm sido relatadas na literatura como elementos periciais fundamentais para a identificação de agressores, vítimas e criminosos. Assim, o papel da Odontologia Legal é cada vez mais importante. O objetivo do presente estudo foi comparar quatro metodologias de levantamento e identificação de marcas de mordidas, além do aprimoramento e aperfeiçoamento das técnicas existentes, analisando as vantagens e desvantagens de cada metodologia aplicada e adequando-as ao tipo de suporte em que a mordida ficou impressa. A amostra foi composta por 50 (cinqüenta) modelos de gesso de alunos da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo mediante consentimento livre e esclarecido. Foram utilizadas quatro gomas de mascar, maçãs e barras de chocolate. Através de sorteio, os alimentos foram mordidos pelos participantes sem conhecimento do pesquisador. A avaliação foi feita por meio da comparação entre as metodologias para estudo de marcas de mordidas humanas. Os resultados mostraram que a técnica mais segura e indicada para esse estudo foi a Análise Métrica. De doze alimentos mordidos, foi possível identificar os autores de dez. Em dois casos não foi possível indicar os principais suspeitos, mas excluir quarenta e cinco em um dos casos, e quarenta e seis no outro. De acordo com os dados obtidos, foram elaboradas propostas de protocolos para a análise de impressões dentárias nos três tipos de suportes. Ficou comprovado que a análise de impressões dentárias em alimentos pode ser utilizada como uma prova pericial a mais, facultando a sua incorporação ao conjunto probatório da investigação criminal, com a possibilidade de conferir um grande poder incriminatório ou excludente / ABSTRACT The bite marks has been described in scientific literature like a fundamentals elements of burglars and victims identification. The Forensic Odontology has shown each more contributions in this area of investigation. The aim of this study was to compare four analysis methodologies of bite marks, moreover improvement of the actual techniques, observing advantages, disadvantages and adapting to each kind of support. The sample was composed by fifty stone models of odontology students from Dental Faculty of University of São Paulo. It was used three kinds of food: four apples, chewing gums and chocolate bars. The foods were bitten for volunteers randomly choose without knows of the scientist. The valuation was made through the comparison of methodologies to collect and study of human dental impressions. The results showed that the more secure and indicated technique for these foods was Metric Analysis. From twelve foodstuffs, it was possible to identify ten of then. Two cases it wasn’t possible indicate the main suspects, but exclude fourty-five in one of the cases and fourty-six in the other. Based on the results, it was proposed a protocol to bite marks analysis for the three foodstuffs. It was proved that the study of bite marks in foods can be used like more one investigation proof, faculting your incorporation in the probatory amount of a criminal investigation, with the possibility of confer a significant incriminatory or excludent power.

The aim of this thesis is to define the concepts of food quality and brand quality. The thesis provides an overview of the current status of the most important and famous quality brands in the food market in the Czech Republic. The thesis maps about the quality of food and the perception of quality brands for food among czech consumers via a questionnaire. Write recommendation for consumers and producers. Results showed that the most important factor when choosing food is flavor. The most famous brand of quality is Klasa. The results showed low consumer awareness of quality brands.

This thesis describes the early modern agricultural history of Germany and its relation to Nazi agricultural policies.

The thesis is concerning with the road transport of goods under controlled temperature. Under such goods we mean foodstuffs. The aim of the thesis is to describe the issue of road transport of foodstuffs on the whole logistic chain using the production of Danone company as an example for illustration.

<p>U okviru doktorske disertacije optimizovani su uslovi određivanja<br />metilestara masnih kiselina, uključujući i trans izomere, primenom<br />kapilarne gasne hromatografije&ndash;masene spektrometrije, na<br />kapilarnoj koloni SP-2560 (dužina x unutra&scaron;nji prečnik: 100 m x<br />0,25 mm, debljina sloja stacionarne likvidne faze 0,20 &mu;m,<br />biscijanopropil polisiloksan). Kori&scaron;ćenjem standarnih rastvora<br />metilestara masnih kiselina optimizovani su temperaturni program,<br />odnos razdeljivanja i uslovi akvizicije podataka SCAN tehnikom.<br />Razvijena je metoda za pripremu uzoraka u cilju određivanja sastava<br />masnih kiselina u prehrambenim proizvodima gasnom<br />hromatografijom&ndash;masenom spektrometrijom zasnovana na<br />istovremenoj mikrotalasnoj ekstrakciji i esterifikaciji (SMEE).<br />Validacija metode je izvedena poređenjem sa rezultatima dobijenim<br />gasnom hromatografijom&ndash;masenom spektrometrijom nakon<br />ekstracije po Soxhlet-u i derivatizacije masnih kiselina u metilestre<br />masnih kiselina. Rezultati dobijeni primenom razvijene i referentne<br />metode bili su statistički isti, kako u pogledu sastava masnih<br />kiselina, tako i efikasnosti ekstrakcije. Rezultati su pokazali da su<br />prednosti SMEE u odnosu na konvencionalnu metodu: kratko vreme<br />pripreme uzoraka i samim tim manja potro&scaron;nja energije, kao i<br />upotreba malih količina skupih organskih rastvarača. Dobro slaganje<br />rezultata dobijenih primenom referentne i metode zasnovane na<br />istovremenoj mikrotalasnoj ekstrakciji i esterifikaciji pokazuje da bi<br />se SMEE mogla primeniti kao rutinska metoda za pripremu uzoraka<br />prehrambenih proizvoda u cilju određivanja trans masnih kiselina<br />(TFA). Određen je sastav masnih kiselina, sa posebnim akcentom na<br />trans masne kiseline, u 273 uzoraka prikupljenih sa na&scaron;eg trži&scaron;ta u<br />periodu od juna 2006. do juna 2009. godine. Sadržaj trans masnih<br />kiselina u analiziranim uzorcima prehrambenih proizvoda, sirovina i<br />međuproizvoda koji se koriste u pekarskoj i konditorskoj industriji,<br />kretao se u veoma &scaron;irokom intervalu, od 0,0% do čak 48,7%.<br />Prosečan sadržaj trans masnih kiselina iznosio je 0,2% u uljima,<br />6,5% u jestivim margarinima, 19,9% u margarinima za domaćinstvo,<br />9,8% u industrijskim margarinima, 24,3% u namenskim mastima,<br />10,8% u masnim punjenjima, 1,6% u mlečnim proizvodima, 10,9%<br />u slanom trajnom pecivu, 10,2% u čajnom pecivu, 6,3% u tvrdom<br />keksu, 11,0% u vafel proizvodima, 10,6% u čokoladnim<br />proizvodima i 9,2% u karamelama. Od ukupno 124 analizirana<br />uzorka, koja se ne koriste za direktnu upotrebu u ishrani (namenske<br />masti, masna punjenja, industrijski i margarini za domaćinstvo) 86<br />uzoraka (69,3%) sadrži vi&scaron;e od 5% trans masnih kiselina, 25<br />(20,2%) sadrži manje od 5% TFA, dok u 13 uzoraka (10,5%) nije<br />detektovano prisustvo trans izomera. Od ukupno 140 analiziranih<br />uzoraka, koji se koriste za direktnu upotrebu u ishrani 74 uzoraka<br />(52,8%) sadrži vi&scaron;e od 2% trans masnih kiselina, 20 (14,3%) sadrži<br />manje od 2% TFA, dok u 46 uzoraka (32,9%) nije detektovano<br />prisustvo trans izomera.</p> / <p>In this thesis, operating conditions for fatty acids determination,<br />including trans isomers, by capillary gas chromatography&ndash;mass<br />spectrometry, on capillary column SP-2560 (100 m x 0.25 mm, with<br />a 0.20 &mu;m film thickness of biscyanopropyl polysiloxane liquid<br />phase) were optimized. Temperature program, split ratio and<br />condition of data acquisition by SCAN technique were optimized<br />using standard solutions of fatty acid methyl esters. A sample<br />preparation method based on simultaneous microwave assisted<br />extraction&ndash;esterification (SMEE) was developed for the<br />determination of the fatty acid composition of foodstuffs by gas<br />chromatography&ndash;mass spectrometry. The proposed sample<br />preparation method was validated by comparison with the reference<br />Soxhlet extraction method followed by derivatisation by methyl<br />ester formation and the same determination step. The fatty acid<br />compositions, as well as extraction efficiencies obtained by the use<br />of the proposed SMEE method and reference method were<br />statistically similar. The results showed that compared to the<br />conventional method, SMEE method offer the advantages of short<br />sample preparation time, low consumption of expensive organic<br />solvents and less energy consumption. This good agreement between<br />results provided, both by the SMEE and reference method,<br />demonstrates the usefulness of the former as the routine method for<br />the treatment of food samples prior to trans fatty acid analysis. The<br />fatty acid composition, and trans fatty acid content of 273 samples<br />collected from June 2006 to June 2009 year were determined. Trans<br />fatty acid content in the analysed samples of food products, raw<br />materials and intermediate products used in bakery and<br />confectionery industry was ranged in a very wide interval, from<br />0.0% to 48.7%. The average contents of trans fatty acids were 0.2%<br />in oils, 6.5% in the edible margarines, 19.9% in cooking margarines,<br />9.8% in industrial margarines, 24.3% in shortenings, 10.8 % in fat<br />fillings, 1.6% in dairy products, 10.9% in crackers, 10.2% in tea<br />cookies, 6.3% in biscuits, 11.0% in wafer products, 10.6% in<br />chocolate products and 9.2% in the caramels. From the total of 124<br />analysed samples, which are not used for direct human consumption<br />(shortenings, fat fillings, industrial and cooking margarines) 86<br />samples (69.3%) contained more than 5% trans fatty acids, 25 (20.2<br />%) contained less than 5% TFA, while 13 samples (10.5%) had an<br />undetectable levels of trans isomers. From a total of 140 analysed<br />samples, which are used for direct human consumption 74 food<br />samples (52.8%) contained more than 2% trans fatty acids, 20<br />(14.3%) contained less than 2% TFA, while 46 samples (32.9%) had<br />an undetectable levels of trans isomers.</p>

La question alimentaire offre un angle d’attaque privilégié pour aborder quasiment sous tous ses aspects le royaume d’Ougarit tel qu’il est actuellement connu par l’archéologie et l’épigraphie. La présente recherche vise à offrir une vision d’ensemble sur l’alimentation à Ougarit à l’âge du Bronze récent et à approfondir certains points sur le sujet. Les conditions bioclimatiques et naturelles exceptionnelles ont grandement contribué au développement de l’agriculture et de l’élevage qui étaient les premières occupations des Ougaritains. À leur tour, les produits agricoles ont joué un rôle très important dans la vie économique, sociale et religieuse du royaume d’Ougarit : le vin et l’huile ougaritiques, notamment, faisaient l’objet d’échanges commerciaux et étaient exportés vers l’Égypte et vers Chypre. Mais les usages des denrées alimentaires étaient bien plus diversifiés, puisqu’elles entraient en jeu dans plusieurs pratiques symboliques essentielles, comme la rétribution du travail ou des services rendus, l’alimentation des dieux par le biais du culte, la célébration de certaines cérémonies collectives lors de banquets sacrés, etc. Par le rapprochement de l’ensemble des textes administratifs et religieux touchant à l’alimentation, notre travail doit offrir une synthèse permettant d’approfondir la connaissance du royaume d’Ougarit. / The dietary question offers a unique perspective to study almost every aspect of the kingdom of Ugarit, as it is currently known by archeology and epigraphy. The present research aims to provide a comprehensive view of the Ugaritic diet during the late Bronze Age and to develop certain topics. The unique bioclimatic and environmental conditions contributed considerably to the development of crop and livestock farming which was the primary way of life of the Ugaritic people. As regards agricultural products, they played an important role in the economic, social and religious life of the Ugaritians: Ugaritic wine and oil, in particular, were traded commercially and exported to Egypt and Cyprus. Furthermore, the use of foodstuffs was varied: They were used in several essential symbolic practices such as the payment for work or services, religious offerings for the gods as well as in ceremonial celebrations namely sacred banquets. By studying administrative and religious texts dealing with food, our work will provide a synthesis that will expand our understanding of the kingdom of Ugarit.

Tem havido um avanço em pesquisas de produtos marinhos, especialmente devido à presença de ácidos graxos poliinsaturados (AGPI), eicosapentanóico (EPA) e docosahexaenóico (DHA), que são abundantes em óleos de peixe e contribuem para a redução dos índices de triacilglicerol e colesterol no sangue. Contudo, os ácidos graxos poliinsaturados são propensos à oxidação. Quanto maior o grau de insaturação do óleo, menos estável ele é, podendo ocorrer comprometimento das duplas ligações devido à oxidação. Essa pesquisa teve como objetivo estudar a estabilidade de óleo de peixe encapsulado acondicionado em diferentes tipos de embalagens. O óleo utilizado nesse experimento foi cedido pela indústria farmacêutica Cardinal Health Brasil, já refinado e em cápsulas gelatinosas moles. Após a encapsulação, a metade dessas cápsulas foi enviada à Empresa SERPAC Comércio e Indústria Ltda. para o processo de emblistagem, em que foram utilizados os filmes policlorotrifluoroetileno (PCTFE), comercializado sob o nome Aclar Rx 160 (15µ), cloreto de polivinilideno (PVDC-60 gsm2) e policloreto de vinila (PVC-250µ) e, posteriormente, acondicionados em caixas de papel cartonado. O restante foi acondicionado em frascos de polietileno de alta densidade (PEAD) com e sem sachês de sílica e em vidro de cor âmbar. Cada frasco ou embalagem cartonada contendo 60 cápsulas foi armazenado em triplicata sob temperatura ambiente e o óleo analisado a cada 28 dias por um período de 12 meses. As análises realizadas mensalmente no óleo foram a determinação da acidez, do índice de peróxido e da absortividade em 232 e 270nm. A composição em ácidos graxos por cromatografia gasosa, especialmente os teores de EPA e DHA, foi determinada no início, aos 3, 6 e 12 meses. A embalagem em que o óleo apresentou as maiores alterações foi o blister de filme PVC. O melhor desempenho foi encontrado no óleo encapsulado, acondicionado na embalagem de PEAD com dessecante de sílica. Os teores de DHA e EPA mantiveram-se estáveis até o sexto período, ocorrendo uma queda considerável no décimo segundo período no óleo da embalagem do filme PCTFE, devido provavelmente a problemas de a termosoldagem e selagem. / Due to the presence of long chained omega three fatty acids, fish oils have gathered much interest recently. Fish oils are a rich source of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) like eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), which reduce blood triacylglycerol and cholesterol levels. However, the higher the unsaturation level, the less stable is the oil which may have its double links compromised due to oxidation.This research main interest was the stability of encapsulated fish oil, stored in different types of packagings. The fish oil used in this experiment was supplied by Cardinal Pharmaceutical Industry in soft gel capsules. After encapsulation, half of the samples were sent to SERPAC Industry LTDA for blistering, where polychlortrifluoroethylene (PCTFE), commercially known as Aclar Rx 160 (15µ), polyvinyldichloride (PVDC-60 gsm2) and polyvinylchoride (PVC-250µ) films were used as three of the treatments. Blisters were packed in carton boxes. The other half of the capsules was packed in amber glass or high density polyethylene (PEAD) rigid flasks with and without silica bags. Each treatment contained 60 capsules in triplicate and all packs were stored under ambient conditions for 12 months. Analytical determinations were performed on the oil every 28 days and included acid and peroxide values, and absortivities in the ultraviolet region at 232 and 270 nm. Fatty acid composition determinations, especifically EPA and DHA content were performed at the beginning of the experiment, after 3, 6 and 12 months. The package, which presented the largest changes in quality of the oil, was the PVC film "blister". The best results were found in encapsulated oil stored in PEAD flasks with silica bags. EPA and DHA contents were kept constant until the sixth period of storage for all samples. The largest changes happened in the oil stored in PCTFE films, with a drastic reduction on the 12 th period due, probably to problems in thermomolding and sealing.

Tinkamas informacijos apie maistą pateikimas, įskaitant maisto produktų ženklinimą, yra svarbi priemonė skatinti sveikatą stiprinantį gyvenimo būdą ir užtikrinti saugų maisto produktų vartojimą. Lietuvoje atliktų tyrimų duomenys rodo, kad ligų profilaktikos tikslu maisto produktus renkasi tik nedidelė dalis gyventojų, tačiau trūksta duomenų apie tai, kokios yra gyventojų maisto produktų pasirinkimo sąsajos su informacija apie maistą. Šio darbo tikslas – ištirti ir įvertinti informacijos apie maistą sąsajas su Lietuvos suaugusių gyventojų maisto produktų pasirinkimu visuomenės sveikatos požiūriu. Tyrimo rezultatai rodo, kad daugumos Lietuvos suaugusių gyventojų nuomone, maisto produktų ženklinimo informacija nėra visiškai suprantama ir aiškiai įskaitoma. Lietuvos suaugę gyventojai kaip labiausiai maisto produktų pasirinkimui darančią įtaką ženklinimo informaciją nurodė maisto produktų tinkamumo vartoti terminą, kainą ir kilmės šalį. Daugiau kaip pusė jų pageidauja, kad ženklinant maisto produktus būtų pateikiama maistingumo informacija. Labiausiai pageidaujama informacijos apie maisto produkto energinę vertę, riebalus, cholesterolį ir vitaminus. Daugiau moterų negu vyrų, aukštesnį išsilavinimą negu žemesnį išsilavinimą turinčių gyventojų domisi informacija apie maisto produktų maistingumą. Vertinant visuomenės sveikatos požiūriu, nenustatyta reikšmingų sąsajų tarp Lietuvos suaugusių gyventojų nuomonės apie informaciją apie maistą ir jų mitybos įpročių, tačiau sveikiau... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Appropriate provision of information regarding food, including foodstuff labeling, is considered to be an efficient tool to promote healthy lifestyle and ensure a safe use of foods. Research conducted in Lithuania indicate that just a small percentage of Lithuanian residents choose foods to prevent disease, however, there is a lack of data concerning the links between food information and the choice of foods of Lithuanian adults. The aim of the study is to investigate and evaluate the links between food information and choice of foodstuffs from a public health viewpoint. The results of the research show, that most of Lithuanian adult residents consider that food labelling information is not fully comprehensible and legible. Lithuanian adult residents reported that their food choice is mostly influenced by the minimum durability date, price and country of origin. More than half of Lithuanian adult residents wish nutrition labelling information to be presented on food labels. Females more than males, higher educated persons more than lower educated persons are interested in nutrition labelling information. From the public health viewpoint, significant links between Lithuanian adult residents’ dietary habits and their attitudes towards information about food were not found, however, those who had a healthier diet were more likely to wish nutrition labelling, its placement on the most visible side of the food package and information not only about fats, carbohydrates, proteins... [to full text]