Title: The winter training of the best first league female football teams The aim of my thesis is the analysis of training processes and mapping equipment used in the winter training of the best first league women football teams. A sub-objective is to observe the training units in the club SK Slavia Praha and 1. FC Slovacko and at the base of obtained dates to content analysis of the training process. The main focus of analysis is the objective of training units, the use of aids, load intensity and the number of women-players and coaches. The results of the analysis provide a basic starting point for improving the training process in the winter preparation period.

Title: Position of women's football in the Czech Republic (Based on the example of women's football in the Pardubice Region) Objectives: The aim of the thesis is to describe the position of Czech women's football, map women's football in the Pardubice Region and find out female football players' opinions on women's football in the Czech Republic. Methods: An empirical research method is used in this thesis. The research was implemented by a paper-based questionnaire survey. The questionnaire was created specially for this research. The results were converted into different types of graphs using simple descriptive statistics. Results: The Czech Republic is ranked the 30th best club in the FIFA Women's World Ranking. None of Czech women's football national teams has managed to qualify for Olympics, FIFA Women's World Cup or UEFA Women's EURO. There are five clubs in the Pardubice Region in the 2015/2016 season which have a women's team. Only one of these clubs has got youth female teams. The majority of female players in this region "only" play football and do not know about the history and the best player. More than a half of the players did not mention anything that had bothered them in Czech women's football. The majority of the female players lack money both for themselves and clubs. Keywords:...

La mondialisation du spectacle footballistique et l’évolution des médias ont engendré le développement d’une nouvelle catégorie de public : les téléspectateurs extraterritoriaux. Comprendre leur comportement s’avère un thème de recherche important en marketing du sport pour les fédérations, les ligues et les clubs professionnels. Notre recherche doctorale est centrée sur à la compréhension des préférences de publics extraterritoriaux qui suivent les rencontres de football à distance par le biais des médias. D’un point de vue théorique, nous avons construit un modèle conceptuel et des hypothèses qui associent, d’une part, une approche expérientielle issue du marketing et, d’autre part, le processus d’identification issu de la psychologie sociale. De plus, nous avons intégré l’influence sociologique d’autres variables culturelles : la proximité géographique et lien historique vis-à-vis de l’équipe soutenue, et sportives : style de jeu, meilleur joueur et victoire pour expliquer la préférence pour l’une des deux équipes. Nous avons testé qualitativement (20 sujets) et quantitativement (903 sujets) notre modèle de recherche sur les téléspectateurs extraterritoriaux marocains qui suivent à la télévision deux équipes espagnoles : le Real de Madrid et le FC Barcelone. Les résultats ont montré que leurs préférences sont surtout liées : au processus d’identification, à la proximité géographique et au lien historique à l’équipe soutenue, et au style de jeu et à la victoire de l’équipe qu’ils soutiennent. Ces résultats sont importants car la compréhension des attentes de ce nouveau segment permet aux managers et aux clubs professionnels d’affiner leurs stratégies marketing et leurs produits pour satisfaire en tant que marque de sport: les spectateurs, les supporters à distance transterritoriaux et les téléspectateurs extraterritoriaux. / The globalization of football as entertainment and the changes in media have generated the development of a new category of public: international viewers. Understanding their behavior proves to be an important research topic for the marketing of federations, leagues and professional clubs. The research is focused on understanding the preferences of international viewers who follow football games in the media. From a theoretical point of view, the conceptual model and the hypotheses have been constructed based on an experimental approach to marketing and the identification process of social psychology. The research model focuses on Moroccan viewers watching two Spanish teams Real Madrid and FC Barcelona on television. It has been tested qualitatively (20 subjects) and quantitatively (903 subjects). Moreover, the influence of other cultural variables has been incorporated. These are the historical connection and geographical proximity to the supported team, and sporting variables: based on playing style, best player and wins to explain the preference for one of the two teams. The results have shown that the preference of Moroccan viewers is above all linked to: [1] the process of identification, [2] the historical connection and geographical proximity to the team, as well as [3] the sporting variables: playing style and wins. These results are important to the development of professional clubs. The sponsors’ understanding of the expectations of the foreign consumer segment enables managers and professional clubs to seek appropriate strategies and solutions to satisfy: the spectators, both ex-patriot and international.

The thesis deals with the selfhoods of the economics of professional sports clubs. Theoretical part shows the transition from traditional to contemporary professional sports financing with focusing on differences between european and american model. European union's attitude towards the problematics of professional sport is presented as well. Practital part of the thesis looks over the economics of professional football clubs in Europe. Revenues, expenditures and financing of the clubs are all examined in this part. Finally, thesis analyzes the potential threats to football clubs and provides with suggested regulatory actions.

Cette thèse s’intéresse à la mobilisation des supporters du Club Athlétique San Lorenzo de Almagro, un club de football de la ville de Buenos Aires en Argentine, qui se sont manifestés en plusieurs occasions face à l’Assemblée municipale de cette ville entre 2010 et 2012 afin d’obtenir le vote de la loi dite de Restitution historique. Cette loi, approuvée en novembre 2012, a ouvert la voie à la récupération par le club de San Lorenzo des terrains situés dans le quartier de Boedo où s’élevait son ancien stade, le Vieux Gazomètre, détruit sous la dernière dictature militaire qu’a connue l’Argentine. Au croisement de la reconfiguration et de l’actualisation de logiques d’identification entre quartiers et clubs à Buenos Aires issues du début des années 1900, cette mobilisation a également éclairé sous un jour nouveau les rapports étroits tissés entre politique et football en Argentine depuis le début du XXème siècle. L’analyse des carrières des membres de la Sous-commission du supporter – principale organisation de cette mobilisation –, des dispositifs de sensibilisation que ces supporters ont mis en place et de leurs interactions avec le champ politique a permis de décrire une fabrique du politique se footballisant par bien des aspects. Ainsi, construit par des individus se situant hors du champ politique, se pensant comme tels et revendiquant cette extériorité, le politique s’est-il vu investi et colonisé par des pratiques et des représentations reposant sur une identité supporteriste valorisée qui est considérée comme légitime à l’heure d’interagir avec les représentants du champ politique argentin. / This thesis explores the movement of the supporters of San Lorenzo de Almagro Athletic Club -a football club from Buenos Aires, Argentina- that lead a series of protests before the municipal Assembly of the city between 2010 and 2012 in order to get the City council to vote the called “Law of historical restitution”. This law, passed on November 2012, opened up the way for the San Lorenzo Club to regain the lands located within the Boedo neighborhood where its former stadium - “The Old Gasometer”, destroyed under the last military dictatorship in Argentina- stood. At a crossroads between reconfigurations and updates of the logics of identification that arose at the beginning of the 1900’s between neighborhoods and sporting clubs in Buenos Aires; this movement has brought as well a new perspective about the close relationship built between politics and football in Argentina since the beginning of the twentieth century. The analysis of the careers of the members of the Subcomission of the supporter -the main organization during this mobilization-, the role played by emotions and the interactions of the supporters with the political field allowed to describe a construction of politics which footballize itself in many aspects. Thereby, constructed by individuals outside of the political field, recognizing themselves as such and claiming this exteriority; politics were invested and colonized by practices and representations resting on a valued football fan identity that is considered legitimate when interacting with the representatives of the Argentinian political field.

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo sobre o fenômeno do racismo e da xenofobia na Europa através de levantamento bibliográfico, fontes diversas e, principalmente, histórias orais de vida de alguns futebolistas brasileiros negros que atuaram no continente europeu a partir da década de 1960. O conjunto de procedimentos adotados é o da história oral, mais especificamente aquele praticado pelo Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo. Constituí documentos inéditos, em cujos textos estão expressas as experiências e as memórias da comunidade de destino. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi relacionar o problema da negritude no futebol em vista de um contexto social mais amplo, o qual tem como pano de fundo a globalização e as migrações internacionais. A tese está dividida em três partes. Na primeira, intitulada de História do projeto, introduzo a pesquisa, apresento os conceitos fundamentais, coloco o tema em perspectiva histórica, justifico a escolha pela história oral, exponho os procedimentos adotados e relato as minhas experiências de entrevista com personalidades futebolísticas. Na segunda, Histórias orais de vida, apresento cinco histórias de vida que abrangem as décadas de 1980 a 2000 e narram as experiências vividas pelos futebolistas nas principais ligas europeias e na vida social nos respectivos países. Na terceira e última parte, Memória coletiva seleciono temas recorrentes nas narrativas, os quais dizem respeito à própria trajetória de vida e profissional, ao movimento migratório e, por fim, ao racismo e à xenofobia. Há um jeito brasileiro de lidar com a questão? Esta é a pergunta que procuro responder nas considerações finais. / This research is a study of racism and xenophobia in the European society through literature review, various sources and, primarily, oral life stories from some black Brazilian footballers that played in the European continent from the 1960s onwards. The methodology used is oral history, more specificaly that which is practiced by the Centre for Studies in Oral History of the University of São Paulo (Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo). I have composed unpublished documents in which experiences and memoirs of the destiny community are expressed. The researchs overall objective was to discuss the black footballers issue within a broader social context, having globalisation and international migration as background. The thesis consists of three parts. In the first one, entitled The projects history, I introduce the research, present the core concepts, put the theme in historical perspective, justify my choice for using oral history, explain the methodology and report on my experiences interviewing football personalities. In the second, Oral life stories, I present five life stories spanning from the 1980s to the 2000s and narrate the footballers experiences in the main European leagues and their social lives in their respective countries. In the third and last part, Collective memory, I pick up recurring themes in those narratives, which relate to the footballer\'s life and career, migration, racism and xenophobia. Is there a Brazilian way to deal with the issue? This is the question I try to answer in the final considerations.

Recent applications of medical imaging, advanced polymers, and composites have led to the development of new equipment for athletes and soldiers. A desire to understand the performance of headgear that resists impacts ongoing since the 1970’s has found more traction in recent years with the usage experimental models that have a greater degree of bio-fidelity. In order to determine which features of helmets from different sports (Soccer, Lacrosse, Football, and Hockey) were tested on a Hybrid III 50th Percentile Male headform with an accelerometer rig at the center of mass.Testing was performed by administering impacts to the headform with an impulse hammer that provides transient force data in order to quantify inputs and outputs of the system to develop a non-dimensional transfer function. Helmet performance is compared by sport worn in order to determine desirable manufacturing features and develop prototype helmets that outperforms current athletic equipment.

Decades of market research have investigated how music can influence consumer purchase, food consumption, and alcoholic drinking. Before market researchers declared music an influencer of atmospheric perception, sociologists discovered the sway of music on crowd collective action in sporting events, political rallies, and societal unrest. There remains a lack of research on how live music may influence football fan behavior during a game. Therefore, this study observed the number of behavioral responses from university students elicited by a university marching band’s music prompts (N = 11) at an American university football game. By recording observations of behavior in the student section during home football games, this investigation found that from the total number of music prompts observed (n =202), 50% (n =100) of the music prompts elicited a behavioral response from the student section.

A presente tese ambiciona apresentar o fenômeno das torcidas organizadas de futebol do Brasil (TOBR) sob a ótica do Estado brasileiro. O objetivo deste estudo é apresentar não somente o protagonismo do Estado no processo que levou à fundação das primeiras TOBR nos anos 1940, mas também a influência de suas instituições para o crescimento e difusão das TOBR, que atingiram seu auge nos estádios de futebol nos anos 1990. Além de analisar a importância do Estado, esta tese também se dedica à compreensão das funções exercidas pela mídia esportiva, pelos clubes de futebol e pelos governing bodies do esporte brasileiro no que diz respeito à mediação da relação entre Estado e torcedores de futebol. Para a produção desse texto foram usadas fontes primárias como jornais de época, revistas de época, entrevistas, relatos e arquivos pessoais e também fontes secundárias como livros, dissertações, teses e artigos produzidos sobre as temáticas pertinentes a este estudo. Concluiu-se que as associações de torcedores no Brasil têm uma existência fortemente vinculada ao que se chamou de regime de Futebol de Estado, um arranjo político-institucional no qual o esporte de um país passa a ser usado como ferramenta política pelo Estado. O regime de Futebol de Estado é uma criação nazifascista que foi importada por Getúlio Vargas para o Brasil no início dos anos 1940. É durante este regime que se formam as primeiras associações de torcedores no Brasil. O expediente do Futebol de Estado foi também utilizado em toda a década de 1970 pelo Regime Militar, durante o qual as TOBR se desenvolveram de forma mais intensa. Foi também durante esse período que a violência entre torcedores se tornou mais frequente, o que contribuiu para que a relação entre Estado brasileiro e as TOBR entrasse em crise, uma consequência do fim do interesse estatal no esporte e da consolidação de um novo regime esportivo no Brasil nos anos 1990, o de Futebol para Mercado. / This study aims to present the phenomenon of football-supporters\' associations in Brazil (or TOBR, acronym in Portuguese language for torcidas organizadas de futebol brasileiras) on the historical perspective of the Brazilian State. It focuses not only on the State\'s role in the process that led to the foundation of the first TOBRs during the 1940\'s, but also on the influence of its institutions for the growth and diffusion of TOBRs, who experienced their golden age in football stadiums in the late 1980\'s and early 1990\'s. In addition to the analysis of the State\'s role within this process, this study is also dedicated to understand the role played by the sports media, the football clubs and the governing bodies of the Brazilian sport in mediating the relationship between the State and football supporters. This text was written upon primary sources such as coeval newspapers, magazines, periodicals, personal files, reports and non-coeval interviews, as well as secondary sources such as books, dissertations, theses and papers produced on the issues which are pertinent to this study. It was concluded that the TOBRs\' existence in Brazil is strongly linked to what was called a setting of Football of State, which is a political-institutional arrangement in which the sport of a nation is used as a political tool by its State. The Football of State\'s setting is a Nazi-fascist creation that was brought to Brazil by Getúlio Vargas in the early 1940\'s. It was precisely during this regime that the first TOBRs were founded. The device of the Football of State was also used during the military regime throughout the 1970\'s, and it was under this rule that the TOBRs developed more intensely. It was also during this period that violence among supporters started to happen more frequently. The violence among football-supporters increased substantially during the 1980\'s and led to a crisis between the TOBRs and Brazilian State in the early 1990\'s, which was also triggered by the end of State\'s interest in sports and the consolidation of a new sports setting in Brazil during the 1990s, the Football for the Market.

Esta pesquisa propõe um estudo sobre o fenômeno do racismo e da xenofobia na Europa através de levantamento bibliográfico, fontes diversas e, principalmente, histórias orais de vida de alguns futebolistas brasileiros negros que atuaram no continente europeu a partir da década de 1960. O conjunto de procedimentos adotados é o da história oral, mais especificamente aquele praticado pelo Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo. Constituí documentos inéditos, em cujos textos estão expressas as experiências e as memórias da comunidade de destino. O objetivo geral da pesquisa foi relacionar o problema da negritude no futebol em vista de um contexto social mais amplo, o qual tem como pano de fundo a globalização e as migrações internacionais. A tese está dividida em três partes. Na primeira, intitulada de História do projeto, introduzo a pesquisa, apresento os conceitos fundamentais, coloco o tema em perspectiva histórica, justifico a escolha pela história oral, exponho os procedimentos adotados e relato as minhas experiências de entrevista com personalidades futebolísticas. Na segunda, Histórias orais de vida, apresento cinco histórias de vida que abrangem as décadas de 1980 a 2000 e narram as experiências vividas pelos futebolistas nas principais ligas europeias e na vida social nos respectivos países. Na terceira e última parte, Memória coletiva seleciono temas recorrentes nas narrativas, os quais dizem respeito à própria trajetória de vida e profissional, ao movimento migratório e, por fim, ao racismo e à xenofobia. Há um jeito brasileiro de lidar com a questão? Esta é a pergunta que procuro responder nas considerações finais. / This research is a study of racism and xenophobia in the European society through literature review, various sources and, primarily, oral life stories from some black Brazilian footballers that played in the European continent from the 1960s onwards. The methodology used is oral history, more specificaly that which is practiced by the Centre for Studies in Oral History of the University of São Paulo (Núcleo de Estudos em História Oral da Universidade de São Paulo). I have composed unpublished documents in which experiences and memoirs of the destiny community are expressed. The researchs overall objective was to discuss the black footballers issue within a broader social context, having globalisation and international migration as background. The thesis consists of three parts. In the first one, entitled The projects history, I introduce the research, present the core concepts, put the theme in historical perspective, justify my choice for using oral history, explain the methodology and report on my experiences interviewing football personalities. In the second, Oral life stories, I present five life stories spanning from the 1980s to the 2000s and narrate the footballers experiences in the main European leagues and their social lives in their respective countries. In the third and last part, Collective memory, I pick up recurring themes in those narratives, which relate to the footballer\'s life and career, migration, racism and xenophobia. Is there a Brazilian way to deal with the issue? This is the question I try to answer in the final considerations.