<p>The reason for this study is to settle the balance between technology and preponderance in war. Each theory claims its own superiority to be decisive when it comes to achieving military victories, but this study will show what actually happens when the two theories are analyzed together in the same conflict. To prove the conclusions, a case-study on Operation Gazelle is used. The study will describe the theories, what a military victory is and which party in the conflict came out victorious after this specific operation. Both sides’ forces will be shown and compared. The most significant technological systems will be analysed and compared. When this is done, the victory and the theories’ importance can be explained. Operation Gazelle was an act performed by Israel in October 1973 during the conflict with Egypt. It was an attempt to cross the Suez Canal and in that way gain an improved political status during the peace negotiations that were to come. The main question that will be answered is:- Which of the two theories, numerical preponderance and technology, is decisive when it comes to achieving military goals? To answer this question three other questions are answered:- What were the numerical conditions during Operation Gazelle?- What were the technological conditions between the parties?- Which party was victorious?</p>

This study discusses the urban-rural relationship and space production, presenting the centrality of the labor force as basis, and as empirical arguments: the city of Vitória da Conquista-BA. Hence, the study aims to analyze the links of the rural with the urban and space production, based on the mobility of the labor force in this city. The theoretical foundation discusses the conceptual approaches of the urban-rural relationship, the concepts and historical evolution of labor, with its different phases, as well as migration conceptions and historicity, human movements and mobility, in order to answer questions regarding the urban-rural relationship. In terms of methodological aspects, an intense bibliographic review and application of questionnaires was carried out. In addition, semi-structured interviews and direct observation were performed from 2014 to 2018. The analyses provided support to the findings which go beyond the objectives of the proposed research project regarding the urbanrural relationship, since a broad study on rural population was carried out, to understand the connection it has to its municipality. In the investigation process, a significant connection between the countryside with Vitória da Conquista was observed through several elements, nonetheless the labor force mobility stands out. It was also noted that this displacement does not lead to a significant loss in the connection and condition of rural citizen. The fixed and social-spatial flows were also identified, which result from the displacement of people according to their labor activities, as well as the contributive factors to such process. Furthermore, the space production was found as an intrinsic procedure to guide the process of urban-rural relationship, since the movement of people from one place to the other dialectically affects the space, both rural and urban. Additionally, the research revealed the absence of some infrastructural aspects in the villages, such as: mailing services, banks, lottery kiosks, hospitals, schools, police precinct, among others. This deficiency causes an intense articulation with the municipality, for people stated they need to move around daily to use bank, health, education services, and still need to go to the city to buy groceries, clothes and other goods, as the villages do not have sufficient commerce to satisfy daily product’s needs. The analyses revealed the precariousness of labor that is the reality of the rural citizen of Vitória da Conquista, as the rates of unemployed and unregistered workers are high. Moreover, poor levels of schooling were observed, with evidence of astonishing illiteracy. This fact is closely related to the labor activities rural workers perform, namely: housekeepers, construction workers, maids, security guards, janitors, etc. In such sense, the thesis that labor is a key category in the urban-rural relationship in the city of Vitória da Conquista-BA is confirmed. / Este estudo discute a relação campo-cidade e a produção do espaço, apresentando como base fundante a centralidade da força de trabalho, e sustentação empírica o município de Vitória da Conquista-BA. Portanto, o estudo tem como o objetivo analisar as vinculações do rural com o urbano e a produção do espaço, fundando-se na mobilidade da força de trabalho, neste município. O alicerce teórico discute as abordagens conceituais da relação campo cidade, os conceitos e a evolução histórica do trabalho, preenchida por suas diferentes fases, bem como as concepções e historicidade das migrações, deslocamentos e mobilidades humanas, no intuito de responder a questionamentos acerca da relação do rural com o urbano. Quanto aos aspectos metodológicos, foi efetivada uma intensa revisão bibliográfica e aplicados questionários. Além disso, foram realizadas entrevistas semiestruturadas e observações diretas, nos anos de 2014 a 2018. As análises deram suporte às descobertas que vão para além dos objetivos propostos no projeto de pesquisa acerca da relação campo-cidade, pois foi realizado um amplo estudo sobre a população rurícola, para entender a ligação que ela possui com a sede do seu município. No processo de investigação, verificou-se uma articulação significativa do campo com Vitória da Conquista, por meio de vários elementos, mas a mobilidade da força do trabalho é o que mais se destaca. Constatou-se, ainda, que esse deslocamento não provoca, de forma expressiva, a perda do vínculo e da condição de homem rural. Foram identificados, também, os fixos e fluxos socioespaciais advindos do deslocamento de pessoas em função de suas atividades laborativas, bem como os fatores que contribuem para este processo. Ademais, descobriu-se a produção do espaço como procedimento intrínseco ao processo norteador da relação campo-cidade, pois o movimento que as pessoas realizam de um lugar para outro produz dialeticamente o espaço, tanto do rural quanto do urbano. Além disso, a pesquisa revelou a falta de alguns aspectos infraestruturais nas vilas, como: serviços de correios, bancos, lotéricas, hospitais, escolas, delegacia, dentre outros. Esta carência promove uma articulação intensa com a sede do município, porque as pessoas declararam que necessitam se deslocar, cotidianamente, para utilização de serviços bancários, de saúde, de educação e ainda precisam ir à cidade para fazer compras de alimentos, de roupas e de outros bens, uma vez que as vilas não possuem comércio que supra as necessidades dos produtos utilizados no dia a dia. As análises revelaram a precariedade do trabalho em que vive o homem da zona rural de Vitória da Conquista, pois os índices de trabalhadores que não possuem vínculo empregatício e direitos trabalhistas são altos. Além do mais, observou-se, também, um grau de escolaridade baixo, com indicativos surpreendentes de analfabetismo. Este fato está intimamente relacionado com as atividades que os trabalhadores rurícolas desenvolvem, quais sejam: empregadas domésticas, pedreiros, faxineiras, vigilantes, zeladores etc. Nesse sentido, confirma-se a tese de que a mobilidade da força de trabalho é uma categoria central na relação entre campo e cidade, no município de Vitória da Conquista-BA. / São Cristóvão, SE

The reason for this study is to settle the balance between technology and preponderance in war. Each theory claims its own superiority to be decisive when it comes to achieving military victories, but this study will show what actually happens when the two theories are analyzed together in the same conflict. To prove the conclusions, a case-study on Operation Gazelle is used. The study will describe the theories, what a military victory is and which party in the conflict came out victorious after this specific operation. Both sides’ forces will be shown and compared. The most significant technological systems will be analysed and compared. When this is done, the victory and the theories’ importance can be explained. Operation Gazelle was an act performed by Israel in October 1973 during the conflict with Egypt. It was an attempt to cross the Suez Canal and in that way gain an improved political status during the peace negotiations that were to come. The main question that will be answered is:- Which of the two theories, numerical preponderance and technology, is decisive when it comes to achieving military goals? To answer this question three other questions are answered:- What were the numerical conditions during Operation Gazelle?- What were the technological conditions between the parties?- Which party was victorious?

Šiandieninė migracija yra didžiausias visų laikų žmonių judėjimas. Pastaraisiais dešimtmečiais šis reiškinys apima apie 200 milijonų žmonių. Tai tampa vis sudėtingesne problema socialiniu, kultūriniu, politiniu, religiniu ir ekonominiu požiūriu. Siekiamas tyrimo tikslas yra įvertinti kiek tiksliai migracijos pokyčiai veikia demografinius bei ekonominius pokyčius. Teorinėje problemos analizėje aiškinamasi kokias darbo jėgos formas, migracijos teorijas, darbo jėgos mobilumą apsprendžiančius veiksnius išskiria Lietuvos ir užsienio šalių autoriai, kaip jie vertina darbo jėgos migracijos poveikį ekonomikai ir politikai; Situacijos analizėje vertinama kaip darbo jėgos migracija veikia šalių ekonomikas analizuojant 3 ES valstybes: Airiją, Lenkiją bei Lietuvą, vertinami bei lyginami įvairių rodiklių procentiniai pokyčiai nuo bazinių metų per 10 metų laikotarpį. Projektiniuose sprendimuose matematiškai įvertinama demografinių bei ekonominių rodiklių pokyčių priklausomybė nuo migracijos pokyčių ir atlikus migracijos mastų prognozę, aptariama galima migracijos procesų raida Lietuvoje, kuriami 3 migracijos proces�� scenarijai: optimistinis, pesimistinis ir realistinis. / Today’s migration is the biggest people movement in all-time. In late decades this phenomenon takes about two hundred million. It becomes more complicated economic, social, cultural, political and religious problem. Work mobility influences demographic and economic situation. In this work this influence will be estimated by using regression method. In the first part of this work the theoretical discourses of migration are analysed, in the second – the demographic and economic situations, influenced by labour force mobility between three countries (Ireland, Poland, Lithuania) are compared and in the third part – the correlations between migration and demographic and economic rates are found and the three scenarios (optimistic, realistic, pessimistic) are designed.