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The Master's thesis "Geophysical survey in the area of the mediaeval fortress in Popovice" is divided into two parts. The first part is theoretical and summarizes the possibilities of using electrical resistivity tomography method (ERT) in archaeology. The second part deals with the actual geophysical prospecting in the area of the mediaeval fortress in Popovice (Benešov county). General information on the locality including geological setting, past geophysical exploration in the area, history of the object, archaeological findings and overview of construction development are addressed in this part, prior to the description of the field measurements. Methods used on the site are then specified: symmetrical resistivity profiling, dipole electromagnetic profiling, electrical resistivity tomography and ground penetrating radar. Subsequently, the process of field measuring in the area of the fortress is described and the data processing methods are discussed. The results of these measurements and their interpretation on the basis of compiled geophysical maps and sections are presented finally. Key words: geophysical survey, archaeology, fortress in Popovice (Benešov county).

Thèse--Paris. / "Index bibliographique": p. [v]-xiii.

A primeira experiência urbanística feita no Brasil aplicava conhecimentos de tratados italianos. Em Salvador, os conceitos de \"cidade\" e \"fortificação\" caminharam juntos por todo o período colonial, notando-se em sua Arquitetura Militar a assimilação de novas teorias vindas da Europa, em especial da Holanda e da França. Embora não se conheça as traças e amostras que deram origem à fortaleza e povoação de 1549, imagina-se seu desenho (do arquiteto e engenheiro militar Miguel de Arruda) como o de uma cidade fortificada tipicamente renascentista. Além da referência de poucos documentos escritos (cartas de Luiz Dias, Nóbrega e a crônica de Gabriel Soares, 35 anos depois), conjectura-se sua configuração e desenvolvimento inicial principalmente pelo registro cartográfico de 1605, a planta de Albernaz. Com esse desenho, feito para dar-se execução à fortificação daquela cidade, Salvador recebia o primeiro plano de defesa e ordenação urbana, ainda sob domínio espanhol. Depois das guerras holandesas e da Restauração de Portugal (1640), surgiram novos projetos que ampliaram o seu perímetro defensivo. Pela proximidade conceitual entre cidade e fortificação, passamos em revista as principais avaliações e propostas (relatórios de João Coutinho, 1685, Miguel Pereira da Costa, 1710 e o chamado \"Projeto Massé\", de 1715), notando-se uma urbe pensada sempre em sua integridade, em constante elaboração e de zelo projetual e administrativo ligado à expectativa de cumprimento do seu desígnio. Na permanente atenção às estruturas de defesa e coesão do tecido urbano também se nota, a cada plano, uma tensão entre o que se idealizava e o que era possível fazer, entre a cidade pensada e a que se realizava. Finalizamos com uma rápida exposição dos projetos de edifícios militares coloniais de Salvador (ainda existentes, na maioria) com base no registro de meados do século XVIII (c. 1760) do engenheiro militar José Antônio Caldas, que desenvolveu intensa atividade na Aula Militar da Baía. / The first urban experience done in Brazil applied knowledge from Italian Treaties. In Salvador, the concepts of \"city\" and \"fortress\" marched together throughout the colonial period, and in its Military Architecture it is possible to notice the assimilation of new theories coming from Europe, particularly Holland and France. Although the traces (traças e amostras) that gave rise to the fortress and settlement of 1549 are not known, its drawing (by architect and military engineer Miguel de Arruda) can be imagined as a typical Renaissance fortress city. Despite the reference of a few written documents (letters by Luiz Dias, Nóbrega and chronicle by Gabriel Soares, 35 years later), its initial configuration and development is conjectured mainly through the 1605 cartographic record, the Albernaz floor plan. With this drawing, made to execute the fortification of that city, Salvador received the first plan for urban defense and ordination, still under Spanish Domination. After the Dutch Wars and the Restoration of Portugal (1640), more projects emerged and expanded its defensive perimeter. Due to the conceptual proximity between city and fortification, we have reviewed the main proposals and evaluations (reports by João Coutinho, 1685, Miguel Pereira da Costa, 1710 and the so called \"Projeto Massé\", 1715), and have portrayed a city (urbe) always envisioned in its integrity, under constant elaboration and with project and administrative zeal linked to the expectation of fulfilling its designation. In the permanent attention to the defense and cohesion structures of the urban fabric it is also possible to notice, on each plane, a tension between what was idealized and what was possible to be done, between the envisioned city and the one accomplished. We have concluded with a brief presentation of projects for colonial military edifices in Salvador (still existing, most of them) based on the record of the mid eighteenth century (c. 1760) by military engineer José Antonio Caldas, who developed intense activity in the course Aula Militar da Baía.

Thesis (M.S.W.)--University of Hong Kong, 1983.

Cultural heritage objects’ protection has always been closely related to country‘s social, economic and political changes. These changes influence heritage protection techniques and methodology, also stipulate heritage objects’ selection and protection priorities. Brutal and dissonant defence heritage of XIX-XX centuries was already perceived and absorbed in many European countries started being recognized in Lithuania. Basis of analysis is defence objects, administrative buildings, chapels, infrastructure and other Kaunas Fortress elements, built in 1882–1915, which have influenced changes in Kaunas city and its surroundings as well as the further city development. Kaunas fortress is presented as complex of various purposes objects, which were closely related to each other and could not function separately. Thesis analyses two fortification heritage changes process lines, occurred since construction to the present: the first – Kaunas Fortress complex and its separate components visual relation to environment; the second – Fortress complex objects and users relationship and utilization changes. Thesis is focusing more on military complex appearance, its ideological context, also on the development of social, economic and political factors during construction and defence time. This directly influences the creation of high-quality story and cultural heritage animation. Dissertation emphasizes Kaunas Fortress complex evaluation and acknowledgment as the object of heritage... [to full text] / Paveldo objektų apsauga visada buvo ir išlieka glaudžiai susijusi su šalies socialiniais, ekonominiais ir politiniais pokyčiais. Šie pokyčiai įtakoja paveldo saugojimo būdus ir metodiką bei sąlygoja paveldo objektų selekciją ir apsaugos prioritetus. Ypatingoje situacijoje atsiduria disonuojantis, brutalus, daugelyje Europos šalių jau įsisąmonintas ir įsisavintas, o Lietuvoje dar tik pradedamas pripažinti gynybinis XIX – XX a. sandūros paveldas. Disertacijos analizės pagrindas yra 1882–1915 m. pastatyti Kauno tvirtovės gynybiniai objektai, administraciniai pastatai, maldos namai, infrastruktūra ir kiti tvirtovės elementai, turėję įtakos Kauno miesto ir apylinkių kraštovaizdžio pokyčiams ir tolesnei miesto plėtrai. Kauno tvirtovė nagrinėta kaip įvairios paskirties objektų kompleksas, kur visi elementai buvo glaudžiai tarpusavyje susiję ir negalėjo funkcionuoti atskirai vieni nuo kitų. Darbe analizuotos dvi fortifikacijos paveldo kaitos proceso kryptys, vykusiosos nuo statybos pradžios iki šių dienų: pirmoji – Kauno tvirtovės komplekso bei atskirų jos komponentų vizualinis ryšys su aplinka; antroji – tvirtovės komplekso objektų ir naudotojų tarpusavio ryšys bei panaudos kaita. Dėmesys koncentruojamas į karinio komplekso atsiradimo ideologinį kontekstą bei socialinių, ekonominių, politinių veiksnių plėtotę jo statybos ir gynybos metu, kas tiesiogiai daro įtaką kokybiško pasakojimo kūrimui ir paveldo animavimui. Disertacijoje išryškintas Kauno tvirtovės komplekso įvertinimo ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

The aim of the present paper is to analyze the translation and types of computer terms found in the Lithuanian version of Dan Brown’s Digital Fortress. Since the novel is linked to terminology, the relationship between literal and technical translation is searched. The hypothesis that a translator has more freedom in translating a certain terminology in a literary work than in dealing with the same terminology in a technical kind of text is raised. The possible influence of the text type and genre to the process of translation is observed. Therefore, the theoretical part, presented in the first part of the thesis, refers to the exposition of the Scopos theory, the review of translation strategies, technothriller features, term typology and computer terminology in English and Lithuanian. Further, the translation strategies, introduced by Christina Schaffner and Uwe Wiesemann (2001), are chosen for the practical part, and the application of syntactic, semantic and pragmatic modification to computer terms in Digital Fortress and its Lithuanian version Skaitmeninė tikrovė (translated by Jonas Čeponis in 2005) is discussed. In addition, the comparative analysis of term types, proposed by on Robert Dubuc, in the English and Lithuanian texts is carried out. The results of the application of translation strategies, presented in a statistical form, have shown that computer terms were predominately translated using literal translation. An amount of other strategies were also employed... [to full text] / Šio darbo tikslas – išanalizuoti kompiuterijos terminų vertimą Dano Browno romane „Skaitmeninė tikrovė“. Tam tikros terminologijos panaudojimas romane demonstruoja literatūrino ir technino vertimų sąsaja, todėl buvo iškelta hipotezė, kad versdamas konkrečius terminus aptinkamus literatūros kūrinyje vertėjas turi daugiau laisvės nei versdamas techninius tekstus. Pastebėta ir galima teksto rūšies ir žanro įtaka vertimui, todėl darbo pradžioje apžvelgiamos teksto tikslo (skopos) teorija ir vertimo strategijos, išskiriamos techno-trilerių savybės, apibendrinama terminų tipologija ir kompiuterija lietuvių ir anglų kalbose. Lietuvių vertėjo Jono Čeponio vertimo analizei pasirinktos Christinos Schaffner ir Uwe Wiesemanno siūlomos strategijos (2001). Praktinėje dalyje taip pat palyginama kompiuterijos terminų tipologija originalo tekste bei jo vertime, terminus skirstant pagal Roberto Dubuco terminų klasifikaciją. Atliktos analizės rezultatai ir jų statistinė išraiška parodė, kad terminų vertimui dažniausiai buvo taikoma tiesioginio vertimo strategija. Tačiau buvo panaudota ir nemažai kitų strategijų bei jų junginių. Atrinktų anglų ir lietuvių kompiuterijos terminų tipologijos palyginimas atskleidė, kad didžioji dalis terminų tipų po vertimo nepakito. Tačiau sudėtinių terminų skaičius išaugo, o santrumpų vertime atsirado daugiau paaiškinimų. Tai reiškia, kad vertimo tekstas tapo informatyvesnis, pritaikytas lietuvių skaitytojams. Išryškėjusi tendencija vertimui naudoti skolinius ir... [toliau žr. visą tekstą]

This thesis employs discourse analysis to examine the human rights contradictions contained in the Common European Asylum System (CEAS). It follows the development of the CEAS since its inception in 1999. However, the principal emphasis of the thesis falls on the scope for realising a rights-based asylum regime in the post-Lisbon context. The research takes the form of policy analysis, and is grounded in a human rights framework of inquiry. This human rights perspective is used to examine the normative and legal inconsistencies inherent to the EU’s securitised approach to asylum, and to put forward suggestions for an approach to asylum in the EU, which engenders a rights-based approach to protection. The analysis of contemporary EU asylum policy and practice demonstrates the extent to which securitisation is present in EU asylum policymaking. It shows that, until the security paradigm in this policy area is supplanted, the realisation of a rights-based asylum system in the EU will not be possible. It also addresses the further challenges to the realisation of the EU as a ‘single asylum space,’ which stem from the limitations in the current instruments of the acquis, most notably the absence of burden-sharing mechanisms to ensure that the EU’s humanitarian obligations are shared equally amongst Member States. The recent ratification of the Treaty of Lisbon holds significant potential for the development of a rights-based asylum regime in the EU. However, it remains in question whether Member States have the political will necessary to accomplish this.

This thesis examines the history, written sources and physical aspects of the citadel at Ankara with respect to building materials, masonry styles, design and topography. The distribution of different types of building materials in selected areas are analyzed and documented by using modern methods.