Orientador: Alberto Luiz Serpa / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-23T13:16:44Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Ferlin_AmadeuSoares_M.pdf: 11538250 bytes, checksum: df676e0c073182186a89891ff432c041 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013 / Resumo: Esta dissertação discute aspectos do monitoramento do processo de soldagem por Friction Stir Welding (FSW) de chapas de alumínio utilizando acelerômetros fixados à superfície das chapas. Os sinais adquiridos durante o processo de soldagem foram processados utilizando dois métodos diferentes - a Transformada de Fourier de Tempo Curto (STFT) e a Transformada Wavelet - que foram capazes de detectar e localizar falhas criadas através da remoção de material nas chapas. A aplicação destas técnicas nos sinais adquiridos durante o processo de soldagem permitem a identificação de mudanças no comportamento destes sinais através de resultados gráficos contendo informações de frequência e de tempo. Através destas informações é possível determinar o momento em que as mudanças de comportamento ocorreram e, consequentemente, prever as posições correspondentes à ocorrência da falha no respectivo cordão da solda / Abstract: This dissertation discusses aspects of the Friction Stir Welding (FSW) process monitoring of aluminum plates using accelerometers attached to the plates surface. The signals acquired during the welding process were processed using two different methods - Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and Wavelet Transform - that were able to detect and locate failures created by removing material of the plates. The application of these techniques on the signals acquired during the welding process allows the identification of changes in the signals pattern by graphical results containing frequency and time information. Thus it is possible to determine the moment at which the changes in the behavior occurred and therefore predict the positions corresponding to the occurrence of the failure in the weld line / Mestrado / Mecanica dos Sólidos e Projeto Mecanico / Mestre em Engenharia Mecânica

Orientador: Simonides Consani / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Odontologia de Piracicaba / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-04T03:13:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Schneider_LuisFelipeJochims_M.pdf: 587883 bytes, checksum: b9a6c32d96447cdbb96df9d09a9eaa16 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2005 / Resumo: Nos últimos anos diversas fontes de luz fotoativadoras de compósitos odontológicos têm sido introduzidas no mercado, cada qual com suas características. No entanto, muitas dúvidas permanecem com relação ao possível aumento de temperatura durante a fotoativação de compósitos restauradores odontológicos. Assim, neste estudo procurou-se avaliar a influência de fatores envolvidos durante o procedimento de fotoativação sobre o grau de elevação da temperatura e suas conseqüências em algumas propriedades dos compósitos fotoativados. Visando o melhor entendimento, a pesquisa foi dividida em três trabalhos. O primeiro trabalho verificou a variação da temperatura durante a fotoativação, com três diferentes fontes de luz, em incrementos de 2 e 3mm utilizando dois compósitos restauradores. A maior espessura de compósito (3mm) contribuiu para a diminuição estatisticamente significante (p<0,05) da variação da temperatura. O fator fonte de luz também produziu diferença estatística significante na variação da temperatura durante a fotoativação (p<0,05), onde a fonte halógena produziu valores superiores de aumento de temperatura quando comparada às fontes de luz emitida por diodos (LED) e arco de plasma de Xenônio (PAC). O fator compósito influenciou no aumento de temperatura observada. O segundo trabalho verificou o aumento de temperatura durante a fotoativação e a dureza, quando utilizadas três fontes de luz e dois compósitos restauradores. A fonte de luz LED produziu menor valor de aumento de temperatura, independente do compósito utilizado ¿ Filtek Flow ou Filtek Z250 ¿quando comparada à fonte de luz halógena, porém com valores de dureza Knoop semelhantes. A luz emitida por arco de plasma de Xenônio gerou os menores valores de elevação da temperatura. Entretanto, esta fonte de luz produziu os menores valores de dureza Knoop quando comparada às fontes LED e halógena. O terceiro trabalho verificou a temperatura e o grau de conversão quando utilizadas três fontes de luz, com tempo de fotoativação indicado pelos fabricantes, tempo necessário para igualar a densidade de energia total e tempo necessário para igualar a densidade de energia na faixa entre 450-490nm do espectro eletromagnético. Quando utilizado o tempo preconizado pelos fabricantes, as fontes de luz halógena e LED produziram valores de grau de conversão estatisticamente semelhantes. Entretanto, o aumento de temperatura gerado pelo LED foi inferior. Quando a densidade total de energia foi padronizada, a fonte PAC produziu grau de conversão similar às demais fontes. Quando a densidade de energia foi igualada na faixa entre 450-490nm, a fonte de luz LED produziu valoresde grau de conversão estatisticamente superiores aos produzidos pela fonte PAC. A fonte PAC produziu os menores valores de variação da temperatura, independente do tempo de exposição / Abstract: In the last years several light curing units (LCUs) have been launched in the market, each one with its own characteristics. However, there are still many doubts concerning the possible temperature increase during the photo-activation of restorative dental composites. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of some factors involved during the photo-activation procedure on the degree of temperature increase and its consequences in some properties of photoactivated composites. For a better understanding, the research was divided in three works. The first work verified the temperature increase during photoactivation using three different LCUs in increments of 2 and 3mm using two composites. The thicker composite (3mm) contributed to a statistically significant decrease (p<0.05) in temperature increase. The light source factor also produced significant statistical difference in the temperature increase during photo-activation (p<0.05), where the halogen LCU produced higher values of temperature increase when compared to the sources LED and PAC (p <0.05). Composite type presented a complex behavior influencing temperature increase observed herein. The second work verified the temperature increase during photo-activation and the hardness using three LCUs and two restorative composites. The LED LCU produced lower values of temperature increase, regardless the composite used - Filtek Flow or Filtek Z250 - when compared with the halogen LCU, but with similar Knoop hardness values. The PAC LCU generated the lowest values of temperature increase. However, this light source produced the lowest Knoop hardness values regardless composite used. The third work verified the temperature increase and the degree of conversion using three LCUs, with adequate photo-activation time as recommended by the manufacturer - the amount of time needed to equal the total energy density and the amount of time needed to equal the energy density in the range between 450-490nm of the electromagnetic spectrum. When the time recommended by the manufacturer was used, the light sources QTH and LED produced statistically similar values of degree of conversion. However, the temperature increase generated by LED LCU was lower. When the total energy density was standardized, the PAC LCU produced a degree of conversion similar to the other LCUs. When the energy density was equaled in range between 450- 490nnm, the LED LCU produced values of degree of conversion statistically higher to the ones produced by the PAC LCU. The PAC LCU produced the smallest values of temperature increase, regardless the exposure time / Mestrado / Materiais Dentarios / Mestre em Materiais Dentários

For a robot to succeed at speech recognition, it is advantageous to have a strong and clear signal tointerpret. To facilitate this the robot can steer and aim for the sound source to get a clearer signal, todo this a sound source localization system is required. If the robot turns towards the speaker thisalso gives a more natural feeling when a human interacts with the robot. To determine where thesound source is positioned, an angle relative to the microphone pair is calculated using theinteraural time difference (ITD), which is the difference in time of arrival of the sound between thepair of microphones. To achieve good result the microphone signals needs to be preprocessed andthere are also different algorithms for calculating the time difference which are investigated in thisthesis. The results presented in this work are from tests, with an emphasis on focusing at real-timesystems, involving noisy environment and response time. The results show the complexity of thebalance between computational time and precision. / För att en robot ska lyckas med taleigenkänning, är det fördelaktigt att ha en stark och tydlig signalatt tolka. För att underlätta detta kan roboten styra och rikta in sig mot ljudkällan för att få entydligare signal och för att detta skall vara möjligt krävs ett system för lokalisering av ljudkällan.Om roboten vänder sig mot talaren ger detta även en mer naturlig känsla när en människainteragerar med roboten. För att avgöra var ljudkällan är placerad, beräknas en vinkel i förhållandetill mikrofonparet med hjälp av interaurala tidsskillnaden (ITD), vilket är skillnaden i ankomsttid avljudet mellan mikrofonparet. För att uppnå bra resultat måste mikrofonsignalerna förbehandlas ochdet finns också olika algoritmer för att beräkna tidsskillnaden som undersöks i detta examensarbete.Det resultat som presenteras i detta arbete kommer från tester, med tonvikt på att fokusera pårealtidssystem, som inbegriper bullrig miljö och svarstid. Resultaten visar komplexiteten i balansenmellan beräknings tid och precision.

Doctorat en Sciences / info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

Dans cette thèse, l'holographie numérique dans l'axe (DIH) est la principale méthode optique utilisée pour analyser des inclusions dans une gouttelette. L'holographie numérique dans l'axe est utilisée pour caractériser des inclusions du point de vue de leur taille, leur position 3D et leur trajectoire à l'intérieur de la gouttelette. Comme les particules sont situées à l'intérieur d'une gouttelette, le front d'onde incident sur l'inclusion est modifié avant qu'il l'illumine. Le défi de ce travail est double : premièrement de prendre en compte la forme de la gouttelette dans le modèle d'holographie et deuxièmement d'étendre l'analyse aux inclusions transparentes (type objet de phase). Pour décrire l'hologramme enregistré par le capteur CCD, l'intégrale d'Huygens-Fresnel et le formalisme des matrices ABCD ont été utilisés. Dans ce modèle, nous introduisons les polynômes de Zernike pour décrire la fonction de transmission d'une particule. Pour l'analyse des hologrammes, l'outil mathématique de la transformation de Fourier fractionnaire 2D (2D-FRFT) est utilisé pour restituer l'image des inclusions et dans ce cas une mesure la taille de l'inclusion et de sa position 3D sont réalisées. Les trajectoires des inclusions dans la goutte est possible avec un long temps de pose de l'obturateur du capteur CCD. Nous avons également proposé un nouveau modèle pour décrire des objets de phases quelconque et des particules opaques. Pour ce nouveau modèle, les mêmes procédés ont été utilisés. Dans le cas d'inclusions filiformes à l'intérieur d'une géométrie cylindrique comme un canal, une méthode de simulation d'imagerie interférométrique multi-coeurs est proposée. Dans ce cas, une somme de distributions de Dirac, localisées le long d'une droite, introduite dans l'intégrale de Fresnel généralisée (c'est-à-dire le formalisme des matrices ABCD et l'intégrale de Fresnel) permet d'obtenir un bon degré de similitude entre l'expérience et la simulation. / In this thesis, the digital in-line holography (DIH) is the main optical method used to analyze inclusions in a droplet. The digital in-line holography is used to characterize the inclusions in terms of of their size, their 3D position, and their trajectories inside the droplet. Since the particles are located within a droplet, the incident wavefront is changed before it illuminates the inclusions. The challenge of this work has two points : first to take into account the shape of the droplet in the holographic model and secondly to extend the analysis to the transparent inclusions (phase object). To describe the hologram recorded by the CCD sensor, the Huygens-Fresnel integral and the ABCD matrix formalism were used. In this model, we introduce the Zernike polynomials to describe the transmission function of a particle. For the analysis of holograms, the2D fractional Fourier transformation (2D-FRFT) is used to reconstruct the image of inclusions and in this case the size and their 3D position of the inclusions are performed.The trajectories of the inclusions in the drop are possible tracked with a long exposure shutter speed of the CCD. We also proposed a new simulation to describe objects of any phases and opaque particles. For this simulation, the same methods of reconstruction were used. In the case of micro-channel inclusions inside a cylindrical geometry such as a pipe, the interferometric imaging of multi-core pipe is proposed. In this case, summation of Dirac delta distribution, located along a line, introduced into the generalized Fresnel integral allows us to get a good agreement between the experiment and the simulation.

>Magister Scientiae - MSc / The growth of hydrogenated amorphous silicon carbide (a-SiC:H) thin films deposited by Hot- Wire Chemical Vapour Deposition (HWCVD) for solar cell applications has been studied. The films were characterized for structural properties using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy FTIR, Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ERDA), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) and Raman Spectroscopy (RS). A low temperature of the substrate heater maintained at 280 °C was used in this thesis due to the demand of low-cost solar cells based on cheap substrate that require deposition at such low temperatures. In this thesis, we showed that the structural properties of a-SiC:H films are dependent on the filament temperature and also on the CH4 gas flow rate. It was shown that in non-stoichiometric a-SiC:H, hydrogen content throughout the deposited films varies with depth. An attempt is done in this study to determine, for the first time the absorption strength of the C-Hn bonds in the 950 -1050 cm-1 band of the FTIR spectrum. Real-time ERDA was used to determine the hydrogen kinetics parameters in a single temperature ramp; a model based on the solution of the diffusion equation is used for this effect.

Depuis que leur particularité a été mise en évidence, lesmatériaux non-linéaires mésoscopiques tels que le béton,les roches, les composites, les tissus biologiques, etc.suscitent un intérêt de plus en plus croissant. L’étude ducomportement dynamique de ces matériaux à l’aide de lathéorie classique de Landau s’est révélée incapabled’expliquer les différentes observations expérimentaleseffectuées sur cette “nouvelle classe“ de matériaux. Eneffet, ces derniers présentent des singularités(microfissures, contacts, joins de grains, dislocations, etc.)distribuées de manière hétérogène à l’échellemésoscopique. Par conséquent, différents mécanismesphysiques associés au comportement desdites singularitéspeuvent être à l’origine des non-linéarités observées.Ce travail de thèse s’intéresse à la réponse macroscopiquede différents matériaux mésoscopiques et ce dans le butd’extraire des indicateurs non-linéaires y dont ladépendance en fonction de l’amplitude d’excitation x estune loi de puissance y = axb indépendamment de laméthode expérimentale adoptée. En général, l’exposant bconnu pour être lié au mécanisme physique responsablede la non-linéarité varie de 1 à 3. Dans un premier temps,le lien existant entre les propriétés de la microstructure dechacun des matériaux étudiés et la valeur de l’exposant bnous a permis de définir différentes classes de matériaux.Par ailleurs, ce travail de thèse est également destiné àétudier la relation entre la valeur mesurée de l’exposent bet les mécanismes physiques microscopiques générés parla perturbation acoustique. A cet effet, le formalisme dePreisach-Mayergoyz a été généralisé pour définir desmodèles multi-états. Cela s’est effectué en discrétisant lesdifférentes équations continues qui décrivent différentsmécanismes physiques microscopiques tels que l’adhésionou le clapping entre les deux surfaces d’une microfissure,les forces capillaires dues à la présence de fluides ou lemouvement des dislocations au sein d’un polycristal. Danschaque modèle, on définit un ensemble statistiqued’éléments microscopiques où chaque élément estcaractérisé par ses constantes élastiques décrivant sonétat mécanique et ses paramètres de transition inter-états.La prise en compte de tous les éléments microscopiquespermet de décrire le comportement global mésoscopique.Moyennant cette démarche, il nous a ainsi été possible deremonter aux résultats expérimentaux par simplerésolution de l’équation de propagation dans un milieucomposé de plusieurs éléments mésoscopiques.L’un des résultats importants de cette thèse est que lavaleur de l’exposant b peut être théoriquement préditeconnaissant le nombre de paramètres de transition dans lemodèle, les contraintes géométriques ainsi que leurdistribution statistique. De plus, l’application de cetteétude dans le cas du béton de génie civil graduellementmicrofissuré a permis de montrer que la prise en compted’un seul mécanisme de non-linéarité n’était passuffisante pour expliquer les observations expérimentales.En effet, l’étude théorique a montré que l’évolution de lamicrofissuration entraine celle des mécanismesnon-linéaires mis en jeu où la combinaison“hystérésis-clapping“, par exemple, a permis d’expliquerl’évolution du comportement non-linéaire du béton degénie civil à l’échelle microscopique. / Nonlinear mesoscopic elastic (NME) materials present ananomalous nonlinear elastic behavior, which could not beexplained by classical theories. New physical mechanismsshould be individuated to explain NMEs response.Dislocations in damaged metals, fluids in rocks andadhesion (in composites) could be plausible. In this thesisI have searched for differences in the macroscopic elasticresponse of materials which could be ascribed to differentphysical processes. I have found that the nonlinearindicators follow a power law behavior as a function of theexcitation energy, with exponent ranging from 1 to 3 (thisis not completely new). This allowed to classify materialsinto well-defined classes, each characterized by a value ofthe exponent and specific microstructural properties. Tolink the measured power law exponent to plausiblephysical mechanisms, I have extended thePreisach-Mayergoyz formalism for hysteresis to multi-statemodels. Specific multi-state discrete models have beenderived from continuous microscopic physical processes,such as adhesion-clapping, adhesion-capillary forces,dislocations motion and hysteresis. In each model, themicroscopic behavior is described by a multistate equationof state, with parameters which are statisticallydistributed. Averaging over many microscopic elements theso-called mesoscopic equation of state is derived and, fromwave propagation simulations in a sample composed bymany mesoscopic elements, the experimental results couldbe reproduced. In the work of the thesis, I have shownthat model predictions of the exponent b ( the exponent bhas not been introduced before) are linked in a ‘a priori’predictable way to the number of states and the propertiesof the statistical distribution adopted. We have classifiedmodels into classes defined by a different exponent b andcomparing with experimental results we have suggestedplausible mechanisms for the nonlinearity generation.

This thesis investigates the possibility of detecting weak vital signs, such as heartbeat and respiration rate, through the implementation of quadrature demodulation and frequency spectrum algorithms on a high performance digital signal processor. This thesis has been part of an ongoing research project at Linkoping University, with the aim to develop a sensor platform for wireless measurements of these vital signs. This sensor platform has been expected to consist of two major physical devices, a RF-radar front-end including a quadrature multi-port and a processing back-end which holds the implementation of the algorithms to detect the vital signs. The back-end consists of a data acquisition- and a processing-part which together forms the digital signal processor. The results show that the implemented algorithms works in terms of being able to find artificial vital signs from quadrature signals. This result also confirms that the hardware solution proposed during this thesis, has been considered as viable for the aim of the project.

The main objective of this research work is to provide a tool to prevent the severe hearing sensitivity to patients with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) experience. The key element in our work is to identify commonalities between sounds that bother an ASD patient, and implement a procedure using PC or smartphone as platform - based on those results, which will lead to the prevention of “bothersome” sounds for the ASD sufferer and later to desensitization. To do so, we implemented a first application that evaluates the auditory sound sensitivity of a person, and a second application that determines those factors that are related to hearing sensitivity of the patient, suggest sounds in the preventive process, and proposes use of appropriate sounds in the desensitization process. While the current implementation is a prototype, we are determined to pursue the development at professional level and implemented as very user friendly application, which we hope will become a popular tool used by medical personnel and ASD patients for the identification of an individual’s specific sound sensitivities and his/her desensitization to those sounds.

Ce manuscrit présente les travaux de recherche qui concernent l'analyse et la synthèse de structures rayonnantes multidimensionnelles en utilisant une approche qui combine méthode des moments et la transformée de Fourier spatiale. La distribution source (courant électrique) et le diagramme de rayonnement sont liées par la transformée de Fourier spatiale - la théorie de la Relation de Fourier (FR). La distribution des courants est déterminée en utilisant une méthode d'analyse en électromagnétisme (EM), à savoir la Méthode des Moments (MoM). Des travaux antérieurs utilisant la théorie FR ont été réalisés par d'autres auteurs sur des réseaux linéaires - uniformément espacés ou non uniformes. Les sources radiantes élémentaires des dipoles électriques filaires. Les travaux actuels se développent en utilisant la théorie FR à deux et trois dimensions sur des structures réelles. En utilisant la méthode MoM nous pouvons prendre en compte le rayon du fil, sur n'importe quel point d'excitation (générateur de tension ou onde incidente) et le couplage mutuel entre les éléments, créant ainsi un modèle électromagnétique réaliste pour la structure d'antenne / This manuscript presents the research work in the analysis and synthesis of multidimensional radiating structures using an approach that combines Method of Moments and Spatial Fourier Transform. The source distribution (electric current) and radiation pattern are related by the spatial Fourier Transform - Fourier Relation theory (FR). Current distribution is determined using Computational Electromagnetics (CEM), namely Method of Moments (MoM). Previous work using FR theory was done by other authors on linear arrays – uniformly or nonuniformly spaced elemental radiators laid on a straight line. Present work expands FR theory to two and three dimensions on real-world structures. By using MoM we can take into account wire radius, excitation on any point (voltage generator or incident wave) and mutual coupling between elements, thus creating a realistic electromagnetic model for the antenna structure