Unknown wireless devices that use receiver architectures with a mixer may be detected and located using stimulated emissions. Transmitting a known stimulation signal and correlating leaked mixer products allows measurement of the TOF and thus range. The FRFT improves the detection of the stimulated emissions by compressing the energy of the stimulated emissions to a single axis value. The stimulation signal has many parameters that may be optimized for maximum detection distance or minimum range error or somewhere in between. The primary limiting factor for the parameters is the processing time, as the algorithm to compute the discrete FRFT is computationally intensive at the time of this report. The tests performed in this investigation achieved 45+meters detection distance with < 3 meters of range error, with potential for farther detection distance.

Electron crystallography is one of the methods for determining the structure of membrane proteins. However, the resolution that we get from electron crystallography of membrane proteins is limited by crystal disorder and inaccurate determination of contrast transfer function (CTF) parameters. To overcome these problems, we applied single particle refinement with local averaging for long range variation of the crystals and local region-based CTF correction for the tilted images. These two corrections are done on the Melibiose Permease (MelB) data sets and a resolution of 8.6Å is reported. / Elektronkristallografi är en av metoderna för att bestämma strukturen av membranproteiner.Den upplösning vi kan få från elektronkristallografi av membranproteiner begränsas av oordning i kristallen och felaktig bestämning av kontrastöverföringsfunktioner (CTF). För att lösa dessa problem tillämpade vi single particle refinement for lokala medelvärden av kristaller och lokala regionsbaserad CTF korrigering av tiltade dataset. Dessa två korrektioner görs på bilder av melibiospermeas (Melb) kristaller och en upplösning på 8.6Å erhölls. / <p>It has been very good presentation with some comments on CTF measurment</p>

We show that equitable partitions, which are generalizations of graph symmetries, and Fourier transforms are fundamentally related. For a partition of a graph's vertices we define a Fourier similarity transform of the graph's adjacency matrix built from the matrices used to carryout discrete Fourier transformations. We show that the matrix (graph) decomposes into a number of smaller matrices (graphs) under this transformation if and only if the partition is an equitable partition. To extend this result to directed graphs we define two new types of equitable partitions, equitable receiving and equitable transmitting partitions, and show that if a partition of a directed graph is both, then the graph's adjacency matrix will similarly decomposes under this transformation. Since the transformation we use is a similarity transform the collective eigenvalues of the resulting matrices (graphs) is the same as the eigenvalues of the original untransformed matrix (graph).

While Monte Carlo methods for bootstrapping are typically easy to implement, they can be quite time intensive. This work aims to extend an established convolutional method of bootstrapping to work when convolutions in two or more dimensions are required. The convolutional method relies on efficient computational tools rather than Monte Carlo simulation which can greatly reduce the computation time. The proposed method is particularly well suited for the analysis of degradation data when the data are not collected on time intervals of equal length. The convolutional bootstrapping method is typically much faster than the Monte Carlo bootstrap and can be used to produce exact results in some simple cases. Even in more complicated applications, where it is not feasible to find exact results, mathematical bounds can be placed on the resulting distribution. With these benefits of the convolutional method, this bootstrapping approach has been shown to be a useful alternative to the traditional Monte Carlo bootstrap.

Results of ab initio and density functional theory calculations on the structure and vibrational frequencies of hypophosphite anion indicate earlier experimental assignments of the fundamental vibrational modes are correct while the recent reassignments of several modes proposed by Bickley et al. are inconsistent with the calculated results.

A suitable microtome sampling technique was used to sample cheese for analysis using FTIR spectroscopy. Well-separated fat- and protein-related bands were obtained in the spectra of Cheddar and Mozzarella cheese samples using this method. The absorbance intensity of the spectra was proportional to the thickness of the sample. The intensity of absorbance and fat- and protein-related bands increased with an increase in the fat and protein content in the sample. Strong and well-separated bands at 1744, 1450, 1240, 1170, and 1115 cm-1 arising mainly from fat content were observed using this method. Bands observed at 1650 and 1540 cm-1 were attributed to the protein present in the cheese. Bands at 1615-1639, 1640-1648, 1650-1658, and 1660-1688 cm-1 corresponding to β-sheet, random coil, helix, and the turns/sheet portion of the secondary structure were observed int he range of the amide I band. Characteristics of spectra for full-fat (FFCC) and reduced-fat Cheddar cheese (RFCC) during ripening were investigated. The absorbance of bands at 1116-1240 from C-C, C-O, C-N stretch, 1461 cm-1 from C-N bend (scissoring), 1744 cm-1 from ester carbonyl groups (fat A), 2850-2930 cm-1 from C-H stretch (fat B), 1650 and 1540 cm-1 from protein amide I and II varied druing cheese aging. Bands at 1116 and1240 cm-1 arising from C-O, C-N, and C-C stretch changed slightly during cheese aging. A correlation coefficient of 0.97 for bands between 1744 and 1167 cm-1 arising from fat, and that of 0.93 at 1650 and 1540 cm-1 arising from protein, respectively, showed that one of these fat or protein groups was highly related to the other. A correlation coefficient of greater than 0.80 among the bands of fat and protein groups indicated a strong interaction in those bands. Correlation of ripening time and absorbance at bands corresponding to each function group was analyzed. A ripening index model was obtained by correlating ripening time with predominant reactive group absorbance peaks. An R2 of 0.83 and 0.59 was obtained for full-fat and reduced fat Cheddar cheese, respectively. Texture development and its correlation with FTIR spectra data for FFCC and RFCC during aging were also studied. RFCC had a higher value of hardness, gumminess, and chewiness than its full-fat counterpart. The values decreased during the early stages of ripening and then increased with time. The change in hardness, adhesiveness, and springiness was expressed as a function of the change in absorbance of the FTIR spectra using multiple regression analysis. An R2 value of 0.67, 0.54, and 0.75 was obtained for full-fat Cheddar cheese, and a value of 0.51, 0.59, and 0.54 was obtained for reduced-fat Cheddar cheese for the respective texture parameters.

abstract: Water is one of, if not the most valuable natural resource but extremely challenging to manage. According to old research in the field, many Water Distribution Systems (WDSs) around the world lose above 40 percent of clean water pumped into the distribution system because of unfortune leaks before the water gets anywhere from the fresh water resources. By reducing the amount of water leaked, distribution system managers can reduce the amount of money, resources, and energy wasted on finding and repairing the leaks, and then producing and pumping water, increase system reliability and more easily satisfy present and future needs of all consumers. But having access to this information pre-amatively and sufficiently can be complex and time taking. For large companies like SRP who are moving tonnes of water from various water bodies around phoenix area, it is even more crucial to efficiently locate and characterize the leaks. And phoenix being a busy city, it is not easy to go start digging everywhere, whenever a loss in pressure is reported at the destination. Keeping this in mind, non-invasive methods to geo-physically work on it needs attention. There is a lot of potential in this field of work to even help with environmental crisis as this helps in places where water theft is big and is conducted through leaks in the distribution system. Methods like Acoustic sensing and ground penetrating radars have shown good results, and the work done in this thesis helps us realise the limitations and extents to which they can be used in the phoenix are. The concrete pipes used by SRP are would not be able to generate enough acoustic signals to be affectively picked up by a hydrophone at the opening, so the GPR would be helpful in finding the initial location of the leak, as the water around the leak would make the sand wet and hence show a clear difference on the GPR. After that the frequency spectrum can be checked around that point which would show difference from another where we know a leak is not present. / Dissertation/Thesis / Masters Thesis Mechanical Engineering 2019

Amyloids are self-assembled protein materials containing beta-sheets.  While most studies focus on amyloids as the pathogen in neurodegenerative disease, there are instances of "functional" amyloids used to preserve life.  Functional amyloids serve as an inspiration in materials design.  In this study, it is shown that wheat gluten (WG) and gliadin:myoglobin (Gd:My) amyloid morphology can be varied from predominantly fibrillar at low polypeptide concentration to predominantly globular at high polypeptide concentration as measured at the nanometer scale using atomic force microscopy (AFM).  The ability to control the morphology of a material allows control of its properties.  Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy shows that at low concentration, fibrils require interdigitation of methyl groups on alanine (A), isoleucine (I), leucine (L), and valine (V).  At higher concentration, globules do not have the same interdigitation of methyl groups but more random hydrophobic interactions.  The concentration dependence of the morphology is shown as a kinetic effect where many polypeptides aggregate very quickly through hydrophobic interactions to produce globules while smaller populations of polypeptides aggregate slowly through well-defined hydrophobic interactions to form fibrils. Functional amyloids also provide a means of creating a low energy process for composites. Poor fiber/matrix bonding and processing degradation have been observed in previous WG based composites.  This study aims to improve upon these flaws by implementing a self-assembly process to fabricate self-reinforced wheat gluten composites. These composites are processed in aqueous solution at neutral pH by allowing the fibers to form in a matrix of unassembled peptides.  The fiber and the matrix are formed from the same solution, thus the two components create a compatible system with ideal interfacial interaction for a composite.  The fibers in the composite are about 10 microns in diameter and can be several millimeters long.  It has been observed that the number of fibers present along the fracture surface influences the modulus of the composite. In this study, self-assembled wheat gluten composites are formed and then characterized with 3-point bend (3PB) mechanical testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. / Master of Science

京都大学 / 0048 / 新制・課程博士 / 博士(工学) / 甲第18654号 / 工博第3963号 / 新制||工||1610(附属図書館) / 31568 / 京都大学大学院工学研究科都市環境工学専攻 / (主査)教授 田村 正行, 准教授 須﨑 純一, 准教授 横松 宗太 / 学位規則第4条第1項該当 / Doctor of Philosophy (Engineering) / Kyoto University / DFAM

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