Os materiais cerâmicos são utilizados pelo homem há milhares de anos e podem ser considerados os primeiros materiais utilizados na fabricação de ferramentas. Argamassas são materiais cerâmicos formados pela mistura de cimento, areia e água, são fluidos nas primeiras horas e endurecem com o tempo, ganhando resistência mecânica, já os refratários são materiais constituídos basicamente por duas partes, uma de granulometria fina denominada matriz e a outra de granulometria grosseira, chamada agregado, trabalham em altas temperaturas e muitas vezes sofrem choques térmicos. Devido a sua fragilidade, são susceptíveis a fratura catastrófica, por isso o conhecimento de seu comportamento mecânico é tão importante. Uma importante propriedade dos materiais cerâmicos é a energia de fratura e o método mais conhecido para a sua determinação é o da barra entalhada flexionada em três ou quatro pontos, porém o grande problema deste método é a relação de tamanho de agregado/área de fratura, pois como a barra apresenta, em geral, pequenas dimensões, o material pode apresentar um agregado de dimensões próximas à dimensão da área de fraturada e o resultado final pode ser fortemente afetado. Então, em 1986, Tschegg patenteou o método da cunha (wedge splitting test) que minimiza este efeito, devido à utilização de amostras com grande área de fratura. Desde então, este método vem sendo utilizado com freqüência por diversos pesquisadores no mundo. Porém não há estudos publicados que definam a posição ideal dos roletes do dispositivo de teste, levando ao uso de diferentes posições, sem que se saiba como isso pode influenciar o ensaio. Além de não existir uma definição de, a partir de que tamanho de agregado o método da barra entalhada passa a ser desaconselhável sendo necessário o uso do método da cunha. Neste trabalho analisou-se a influência da posição dos roletes e do tamanho de agregados nas medidas de energia de fratura e na carga máxima atingida no ensaio. / The ceramic materials are used by humans for thousands of years and can be considerate the first materials used in the manufacture of tools. Mortar are ceramic materials made by the mixture of cement, sand and water, it is fluid in the first hours and stiffen over time, gaining mechanical strength, the refractories in turn are made basically of two phases, one of fine granulometry called matrix and another of coarse called aggregate. It works over high temperature and many times suffer thermal shock. Due to its fragility, it is susceptible to catastrophic fracture; therefore the knowledge of its mechanical behavior is so important. One of the mainly properties of ceramic materials is the fracture energy and o most knew method for its determination is of three-point bending test on notched beams, but the biggest problem of this method is the relation between aggregate size and fracture area, because as the beam has small dimensions the aggregate can have a dimension so closed of the fracture area dimension and the final result can be tightly affect. Then in 1986, Tschegg patented the wedge splitting test, which minimizes this effect, because of the use of samples with a big fracture area. Since then, this method has been used for scientists around the world. But there are no studies that define the roll position of the test device, leading to the use of different positions, without know how it can influence the test. Besides not having a definition of from what aggregate size the wedge splitting test is advisable in despite of the bending test on notched beams. In this work was analyzed the influence of the rolls positions in the wedge splitting test and of the aggregate size in the measures of fracture energy and maximum load of test.

No description available.

During the last four decades, fiber reinforced concrete has been increasingly used in structural applications. It is generally accepted that addition of steel fibers significantly increases tensile toughness and ductility, also slightly enhances the compressive strength. Although several studies have reported previously the favorable attributes of steel fiber reinforced concrete (SFRC), little general data is related to performance modeling. There are studies on the effect of fibers on compression, tension and shear behavior of concrete. As models proposed so far can, at best, describe only a few aspect of SFRC with a given type and amount of fibers, establishing simple and accurate generalized equations to describe the behavior of SFRC in tension, compression and shear that take into account the fiber type and content is essential. Therefore, a comprehensive experimental research on SFRC is conducted in University of Canterbury to develop generalized equations to represent the characteristics of SFRC. In this research, standard material tests of SFRC are carried out in tension, compression and shear to enable the parametric characterization and modeling of SFRC to be conducted. The tests are conducted using two different propriety fiber types (NovotexTM and DramixTM) with volumetric ratios ranging from 0 to 2 percent of the Novotex fibers and with 1 percent Dramix fibers. Compression tests are conducted on small and large cylinders. For characterization of tensile behavior, several different test methods are used including: direct tension of SFRC alone; SFRC with tension applied to an embedded longitudinal rebar; and flexural bending test. Similarly direct shear tests are conducted to investigate the additional shear resistance contributed by steel fibers. Variations in the results of different specimens are reconciled through normalization of stress and strain parameters. Based on the experimental results, empirical relations are derived for modeling and analysis of SFRC.

For the manufacture of higher strength pipelines to be feasible, a better understanding of the effects of welding on toughness is necessary. Bevel submerged arc welds were performed on X80 grade steel. The subsequent Charpy V-notch (CVN) test results indicated that the notch placement in the various heat affected zone regions, and hence the bead geometry, affected the test results. A series of bead-on-plate (BOP) submerged arc welds then were performed on X70 grade steel plate to determine the effects of current, voltage, heat input, polarity, and waveform manipulation (i.e., balance, offset, and frequency) on both single and tandem weld bead geometry. A new bead profile characteristic, the SP ratio, is proposed to describe weld bead geometry, and its relationship with welding parameters is discussed. Sub-size CVN specimens, pulled from many of the BOP weld coupons, were then tested. The greatest subsize CVN fracture energies were achieved when the bead was produced using lower heat input, and when the bead profile possessed a greater SP ratio. / Materials Engineering

Masters Research - Master of Philospohy (MPhil) / It has been shown that masonry material properties, in particular, unit flexural bond strength (ft), vary significantly throughout masonry structures, despite the fact that often only one type of brick and mortar are used. Unit flexural bond strength was previously identified as one of the most important material parameters contributing to the strength of clay brick unreinforced masonry (URM) walls in flexure. It was the objectives of this research, in the context of clay brick URM walls subject to vertical bending, to examine how unit flexural bond strength varied spatially in a clay brick URM wall, determine a best fit probability distribution function which can describe expected variability in unit flexural bond strength and determine how this variability and other factors affect wall behaviour and failure load using 3D non-linear finite element analysis (FEA). It was hoped that modelling a full sized clay brick URM wall subject to vertical bending using a 3D non-linear FEA model would more accurately predict wall failure load (compared to current analytical methods) and allow the examination of crack pattern development as the wall progresses to failure upon being laterally loaded. The first part of the research project was to conduct an experimental program to examine unit-to-unit spatial strength correlation within six full sized clay brick URM walls and to characterise a unit flexural bond strength probability distribution. It was observed that although weak correlation in unit flexural bond strength exists in some courses and between courses, these locations were difficult to predict and didn����t follow any particular pattern relating to for example, mortar batch. Therefore, although somewhat counter-intuitive, the results indicate that statistically significant correlation between adjacent unit flexural bond strengths is not likely to be observed. It was also observed that clay brick wall unit flexural bond strengths obtained for all of the walls tested best fit a truncated Normal probability distribution. Strength of the brick/mortar interface appeared to be governed by factors relating to workmanship (and therefore mortar quality and moisture content), weather (which can affect material characteristics like brick suction rate) and inherent material variability. It would appear that brick suction rate can significantly affect the overall strength of a URM wall. v Stochastic analysis was conducted for walls with and without uncorrelated spatial variability in unit flexural bond strength and associated tensile fracture energy (GfI ). It was found that the TNO DIANA 9.2 FEA package could be used to implement spatial variability of various material parameters and reasonably accurately model failure of clay brick URM walls in vertical bending. From the non-linear FEA model development stage, it was observed that because the brick/mortar bond has significantly more strength capacity in compression, it appears that the lateral load resistance of the wall comes from a combination of the ability of the brick/mortar bond to tensile soften while providing significant compressive resistance at the compressive edge. It was found for a spatial stochastic analysis with spatial variability in bond strength (referred to from now on as a spatial stochastic analysis), with COVs of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, that COV of wall failure loads were relatively small, being 0.02, 0.04 and 0.06 respectively. For the non-spatially varying stochastic analysis with fully correlated bond strength (now referred to as non-spatial stochastic analysis), with COVs of 0.1, 0.3 and 0.5, COV of wall failure loads were 0.07, 0.20 and 0.32 respectively. For the spatial stochastic analysis, it was found that with a bond strength COV increase from 0.1 to 0.5 the mean wall failure load dropped from 2.25 kPa to 2.0 kPa (an 11% reduction). Despite the relatively small drop in magnitude of the mean wall failure load with increase in bond strength COV, the mean wall failure loads were statistically different to one another. For the non-spatial stochastic analysis, mean failure load stayed relatively constant at 2.24-2.25 kPa. These results could be explained by examining the 3D wall progression to failure. For walls with spatial variability in bond strength, it is expected that wall failure load COVs would be smaller because those walls would consistently be composed of smaller valued bond strengths which would consistently contribute to weakness in the wall. For the non-spatial wall simulations, this effect would not occur as failure load is determined by one uniform weak or strong bond strength. It was proposed that failure of a clay brick URM wall is not governed by one course only cracking, but rather, instability in the wall is governed by several courses in the vicinity of locations of large bending moment. It was shown that various current stochastic approximations which employ a unit failure hypotheses in combination with a linear/elastic approximation for first cracking load all underestimated wall capacity significantly. The reason for this is suggested as being vi because all hypotheses only assume failure is governed by one course and linear/elastic theory only considers the tensile capacity of a joint and neglects strength capacity available as a result of joint tension softening and the resistance to failure provided by compressive strength on the compression side of the wall. The hypotheses also don’t take into consideration factors which affect overall wall bond strength mean which result from influences such as workmanship, weather and material variability factors, such as (for example), variation in brick suction rate due to weather conditions which can make the overall strength of the wall stronger or weaker. Based upon a comparison in wall failure load COV for the spatial and non-spatial stochastic wall analysis results, a more realistic approach for future modelling attempts of spatial variability in masonry material properties is suggested. This would address the issue of external factors such as workmanship and weather on the overall strength of the wall, as well as the inherent bond strength variability due to material variability. For walls with spatial variability in bond strength, upon examination of numerous wall simulation results, several crack patterns were witnessed and are discussed.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T14:07:03Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 AndrezaKC.pdf: 2477387 bytes, checksum: 5eafbea5e547e68eaf6513cad9b400ba (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-10-29 / Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior / Primary cementing is one of the main operations in well drilling responsible for the mechanical stability and zonal isolation during the production of oil. However, the cement sheath is constantly under mechanical stresses and temperature variations caused by the recovery of heavy oil. In order to minimize fracture and wear of the cement sheath, new admixtures are developed to improve the properties of Portland cement slurries and avoid environmental contamination caused by leaking gas and oil. Polymers with the ability to form polymeric films are candidates to improve the properties of hardened cement slurries, especially their fracture energy. The present study aimed at evaluating the effect of the addition of a chitosan suspension on cement slurries in order to improve the properties of the cement and increase its performance on heavy oil recovery. Chitosan was dissolved in acetic ac id (0.25 M and 2 M) and added to the formulation of the slurries in different concentrations. SEM analyses confirmed the formation of polymeric films in the cementitious matrix. Strength tests showed higher fracture energy compared to slurries without the addition of chitosan. The formation of the polymeric films also reduced the permeability of the slurry. Therefore, chitosan suspensions can be potentially used as cementing admixtures for heavy oil well applications / A cimenta??o prim?ria ? uma das principais opera??es na perfura??o do po?o de petr?leo. A fixa??o do revestimento e o isolamento zonal garantir? seguran?a e diminui??o dos custos na fase de produ??o de ?leo. No entanto, ? constante a ocorr?ncia de problemas na bainha ciment?cia devido a esfor?os mec?nicos e a varia??o de temperatura, causada pela recupera??o de ?leos pesados. Visando minimizar as fraturas e desgaste da bainha, novas adi??es est?o sendo desenvolvidas para melhorar as propriedades do cimento Portland e evitar a contamina??o ambiental decorrente de vazamento de g?s e ?leo pelo anular. Pol?meros com a capacidade de formar filmes polim?ricos s?o op??es de adi??es, pois a poss?vel forma??o da teia polim?rica na matriz ciment?cia melhora as propriedades e a energia de fratura da pasta. O presente trabalho, tem como objetivo adicionar ?s pastas ciment?cias suspens?o de quitosana para melhorar as propriedades da pasta ciment?cia e aumentar seu desempenho em opera??es de recupera??o de ?leo pesado. A quitosana foi dilu?da em ?cido ac?tico (0,25 M e 2 M) e adicionada na formula??o das pastas em diferentes concentra??es. A an?lise do MEV confirmou a forma??o de redes polim?ricas na matriz ciment?cia e os testes deresist?ncia mec?nica comprovaram uma energia de fratura elevada em rela??o ? pasta sem adi??o do pol?mero. A forma??o da teia polim?rica tamb?m reduziu a permeabilidade da pasta. Com isso, a suspens?o de quitosana torna-se uma solu??o polim?rica com potencial para ser aplicado em cimenta??o de po?os de petr?leo

Submitted by Franciele Moreira (francielemoreyra@gmail.com) on 2018-11-05T13:15:57Z No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Reginaldo Virgilio da Silva - 2018.pdf: 5205645 bytes, checksum: 571de5e829e85e8d859818a5cad9cc83 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Luciana Ferreira (lucgeral@gmail.com) on 2018-11-05T14:47:54Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Reginaldo Virgilio da Silva - 2018.pdf: 5205645 bytes, checksum: 571de5e829e85e8d859818a5cad9cc83 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-11-05T14:47:55Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 2 Dissertação - Reginaldo Virgilio da Silva - 2018.pdf: 5205645 bytes, checksum: 571de5e829e85e8d859818a5cad9cc83 (MD5) license_rdf: 0 bytes, checksum: d41d8cd98f00b204e9800998ecf8427e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-08-31 / The microconcrete can be defined as a specific type of concrete in which the presence of small aggregates is predominant and can be used in light prefabrication, that is, in thin section structural elements. Thus, this work aims to evaluate the behavior, in the fresh and hardened states, of the high performance microconcrete with the use of polypropylene fibers. To do so, two fiber dimensions were used: a short 12 mm long, usually used to reduce cracking by plastic retraction, and another fiber of 54 mm, which has a structural function, contributing to improve the tensile strength of material. The fiber contents, in relation to the microconcrete volume, were 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% and 0.4% for the microfiber, 0.3%, 0.4% and 0, 5% for the macrofiber and for the hybrids, these being composed of 30% microfiber and 70% macrofiber. Part of the cement was replaced by active silica (SA) and fly ash (CV), in proportions of 7.5% for each one. The tests in the fresh state showed that the fibers reduced the workability, being this more accentuated in the microconcretes with addition of microfibres. Fibers contributed to increase fracture energy; this fact has shown that the application of the fibers in cementitious elements is promising in order to inhibit the brittle rupture and to provide ductile behavior to the element. The contents of 0.3% and 0.4% of microfibers presented a marked increase in porosity and, consequently, an increase in carbonation depth. The tests demonstrated that one must advance in researches with the use of hybrid mixtures and composites with contents of up to 0,12% of microfibres. The addition of the PP fibers provided positive mechanical results for additions of up to 0.1% of microfibers and for additions of up to 0.12% of microfibers in the hybrid composites. In terms of durability presented similar results, except for the additions from 0.2% of microfibers that reasonably elevated the carbonation depth. The high performance of the microconcrete was demonstrated by the results of axial compressive strength around 50 MPa, and by the increase of the tenacity provided by the addition of the PP fibers. / O microconcreto pode ser definido como um tipo específico de concreto em que é predominante a presença de agregados miúdos, podendo ser utilizado na pré-fabricação leve, ou seja, em elementos estruturais de seção delgada. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo avaliar o comportamento, nos estados fresco e endurecido, do microconcreto de alto desempenho com o uso de fibras de polipropileno. Para tanto, foram usadas duas dimensões de fibras: uma curta com 12 milímetros de comprimento, que usualmente é utilizada para se reduzir a fissuração por retração plástica, e outra fibra de 54 milímetros, que tem função estrutural, contribuindo para melhorar a resistência à tração do material. Os teores de fibras, em relação ao volume do microconcreto, foram de 0,1%, 0,2%, 0,3% e 0,4% para a microfibra, de 0,3%, 0,4% e 0,5% para a macrofibra e para os híbridos, sendo esses compostos por 30% de microfibra e 70% de macrofibra. Parte do cimento foi substituído por sílica ativa (SA) e cinza volante (CV), nas proporções de 7,5% para cada uma delas. Os ensaios no estado fresco demonstraram que as fibras reduziram a trabalhabilidade, sendo essa mais acentuada nos microconcretos com adição de microfibras. As fibras contribuíram para aumentar a energia de fratura; esse fato demonstrou que é promissora a aplicação das fibras em elementos cimentícios, de forma a inibir a ruptura frágil e proporcionar comportamento dúctil ao elemento. Os teores de 0,3% e 0,4% de microfibras apresentaram um aumento acentuado da porosidade e por consequência, um aumento da profundidade de carbonatação. Os ensaios demonstraram que se deve avançar em pesquisas com o uso de misturas híbridas e compostas com teores de até 0,12% de microfibras. A adição das fibras de PP, proporcionou resultados mecânicos positivos para as adições de até 0,1% de microfibras e para adições de até 0,12% de microfibras nos compósitos híbridos. No quesito de durabilidade apresentaram resultados similares, com exceção das adições a partir de 0,2% de microfibras que elevaram razoavelmente a profundidade de carbonatação. O alto desempenho do microconcreto ficou demonstrado pelos resultados de resistência à compressão axial em torno de 50 MPa, e pela elevação da tenacidade proporcionada pela adição das fibras de PP.

Os materiais cerâmicos são utilizados pelo homem há milhares de anos e podem ser considerados os primeiros materiais utilizados na fabricação de ferramentas. Argamassas são materiais cerâmicos formados pela mistura de cimento, areia e água, são fluidos nas primeiras horas e endurecem com o tempo, ganhando resistência mecânica, já os refratários são materiais constituídos basicamente por duas partes, uma de granulometria fina denominada matriz e a outra de granulometria grosseira, chamada agregado, trabalham em altas temperaturas e muitas vezes sofrem choques térmicos. Devido a sua fragilidade, são susceptíveis a fratura catastrófica, por isso o conhecimento de seu comportamento mecânico é tão importante. Uma importante propriedade dos materiais cerâmicos é a energia de fratura e o método mais conhecido para a sua determinação é o da barra entalhada flexionada em três ou quatro pontos, porém o grande problema deste método é a relação de tamanho de agregado/área de fratura, pois como a barra apresenta, em geral, pequenas dimensões, o material pode apresentar um agregado de dimensões próximas à dimensão da área de fraturada e o resultado final pode ser fortemente afetado. Então, em 1986, Tschegg patenteou o método da cunha (wedge splitting test) que minimiza este efeito, devido à utilização de amostras com grande área de fratura. Desde então, este método vem sendo utilizado com freqüência por diversos pesquisadores no mundo. Porém não há estudos publicados que definam a posição ideal dos roletes do dispositivo de teste, levando ao uso de diferentes posições, sem que se saiba como isso pode influenciar o ensaio. Além de não existir uma definição de, a partir de que tamanho de agregado o método da barra entalhada passa a ser desaconselhável sendo necessário o uso do método da cunha. Neste trabalho analisou-se a influência da posição dos roletes e do tamanho de agregados nas medidas de energia de fratura e na carga máxima atingida no ensaio. / The ceramic materials are used by humans for thousands of years and can be considerate the first materials used in the manufacture of tools. Mortar are ceramic materials made by the mixture of cement, sand and water, it is fluid in the first hours and stiffen over time, gaining mechanical strength, the refractories in turn are made basically of two phases, one of fine granulometry called matrix and another of coarse called aggregate. It works over high temperature and many times suffer thermal shock. Due to its fragility, it is susceptible to catastrophic fracture; therefore the knowledge of its mechanical behavior is so important. One of the mainly properties of ceramic materials is the fracture energy and o most knew method for its determination is of three-point bending test on notched beams, but the biggest problem of this method is the relation between aggregate size and fracture area, because as the beam has small dimensions the aggregate can have a dimension so closed of the fracture area dimension and the final result can be tightly affect. Then in 1986, Tschegg patented the wedge splitting test, which minimizes this effect, because of the use of samples with a big fracture area. Since then, this method has been used for scientists around the world. But there are no studies that define the roll position of the test device, leading to the use of different positions, without know how it can influence the test. Besides not having a definition of from what aggregate size the wedge splitting test is advisable in despite of the bending test on notched beams. In this work was analyzed the influence of the rolls positions in the wedge splitting test and of the aggregate size in the measures of fracture energy and maximum load of test.

[pt] A aplicação do Concreto de Alta Resistência como material de construção está se tornando mais comum em estruturas de concreto. Esta tendência demanda um melhor conhecimento do material, incluindo os parâmetros que se referem à tensão limite na compressão. Sendo um material relativamente novo, com um conhecido comportamento frágil, poucas informações a respeito de seu desempenho estão disponíveis para possibilitar o projeto correto de estruturas especiais. Como o material fornece uma resistência compressiva mais alta, os vãos das peças estruturais de concreto armado podem ser maiores, permitindo, por exemplo, a redução do número de pilares em edifícios. Neste caso, o efeito de escala da mecânica da fratura deve ser considerado no projeto estrutural, e a energia de fraturamento torna-se uma propriedade fundamental no controle de resistências à flexão e corte das peças estruturais de concreto armado. Nesta dissertação, alguns resultados obtidos através de ensaios para determinação da energia de fraturamento são apresentados. Os testes à flexão de vigas com entalhe foram realizados na PUC - Rio para diferentes traços de concreto, com resistência compressiva igual ou superior a 40 MPa. Os testes foram feitos segundo especificações fornecidas na RILEM 50-FMC e foram executados em sistemas de teste de materiais com controle de deslocamentos. Os traços do concreto foram estabelecidos com o objetivo de utilizar concretos comumente usados pelas empresas que atuam no Brasil. / [en] The application of high-performance concrete as a construction material is becoming increasingly common in conventional concrete structures. This trend demands a better knowledge of the material, besides the parameter that refers to the limit stress in compression. Being a relatively new material, with a known brittle behavior, few information about its performance is available for design engineers that allows the correct design of special structures. As the material provides a higher compressive strength, concrete structural members can increase in size, allowing the reduction of the number of columns in a building, for example. In this case, the fracture mechanics size effect should be considered in the structural design, and the fracture energy turns to be a fundamental property in controlling the flexural and shear strength of the concrete structural members. In this dissertation, some results obtained through experimental tests for determination of fracture energy for high-performance concrete are presented. The three-point bend tests were conducted at PUC-Rio for different compositions of concrete, with compressive strength equals to or greater than 40 MPa. The tests comply with the specifications given in RILEM recommendations, RILEM 50-FMC and were performed in a servo-controlled materials testing system. The compositions of the concrete were established in order to match the concrete commonly used by the companies that operate in Brazil. / [es] La aplicación del Concreto de Alta Resistencia como material de construción está se tornando más común en extructuras de concreto. Esta tendencia demanda un mejor conocimiento del material, incluyendo los parámetros que se refieren a la tensión límite en la compresión. Siendo un material relativamente nuevo, con un conocido comportamiento frágil, son pocas las informaciones disponibles a respecto de su desempeño. Como el material ofrece una resistencia compresiva más alta, los vans de las piezas extructurales de concreto armado pueden ser mayores, permitiendo, por ejemplo, la reducción del número de pilares en edificios. En este caso, el efecto de escala de la mecánica de fracturas debe ser considerado en el proyecto extructural, y la energía de fractura se torna una propriedad fundamental en el control de resistencias a la flexión y corte de piezas extructurales de concreto armado. En esta disertación, se presentan algunos resultados obtenidos a través de ensayos para determinación de la energía de fractura. Las pruebas a la flexión de vigas fueron realizados en la PUC - Rio para diferentes trazos de concreto, con resistencia compresiva igual o superior la 40 MPa. Las pruebas fueron realizadas según especificaciones ofrecidas en la RILEM 50-FMC y se ejecutaron en sistemas de test de materiales con control de deslocamientos. Fueron establecidos los trazos de concreto con el objetivo de utilizar concretos comumente utilizados por las empresas que actúan en Brasil.

This thesis concerns some aspects that have influence on the strength of adhesive layers. The strength is determined by the stress deformation-relation of the layer. This relation is also referred to as cohesive law. The aspects having influence on the cohesive laws that are studied in this work are temperature, fatigue, multi-axial fatigue and mixed mode loading. For each aspect, a model is developed that can be used to describe the influence of the aspects on the cohesive laws numerically, e.g. by using the finite element method. These models are shown to give good agreement with the experimental results when performing simulations that aims at reproducing the experiments. For the aspect of temperature, a FE-model is suggested that can be used to simulate the mechanical behaviour in pure mode loadings at any temperature within the evaluated temperature span. Also, a damage law for modelling high cycle fatigue in a bonded structure in multi-axial loading is presented. Lastly, a new experimental set-up is presented for evaluating strength of adhesives during mixed mode loading. The set-up enables loading with a constant mode-mix ratio and by the experimental results, a potential model for describing the mechanical behaviour of the evaluated adhesive is presented.