Les lisières forestières constituent un enjeu pour la gestion des territoires, par la biodiversité qu’elles abritent, les processus écologiques qu’elles régulent et les services environnementaux qu’elles rendent à l’agriculture et à la foresterie. C’est pourquoi il est nécessaire de connaitre et quantifier précisément leurs influences sur la végétation pour proposer des mesures de gestion adaptées à la variabilité des situations de lisière. En référence aux hypothèses de la littérature, ce travail vise à comprendre comment varie la répartition des communautés végétales forestières en réponse à la diversité des types de lisières, dans un paysage agriforestier. Les espèces vasculaires de la strate basse de la végétation forestière ont été recensées le long de 28 transects, représentatifs de sept types de lisières des coteaux de Gascogne. Ces transects, perpendiculaires à la bordure et dirigés vers l’intérieur du bois, comportent 20 quadrats contigus de 2 m × 2 m. J’ai cherché à mesurer la profondeur d’influence des effets de lisières sur la végétation par la méthode de régression à deux phases. Face à l’hétérogénéité observée, j’ai caractérisé les patrons de distribution des communautés végétales par cinq modèles continus pour les comparer. Les lisières structurent la répartition des communautés végétales suivant un gradient, de la bordure vers l’intérieur du bois, mais les patrons sont plus variables qu’attendus et remettent en cause la généricité du modèle théorique à deux phases largement admis dans la littérature. Néanmoins, un patron de distribution de la végétation commun à l’ensemble des lisières a été identifié au moyen de la méthode STATIS d’analyse à k-tableaux. L’analyse des effets de lisière sur un sous-échantillon d’espèces a été affinée par la prise en compte des caractéristiques biologiques et écologiques des espèces d’une part, et des variables environnementales, à différentes échelles spatio-temporelles d’autre part. Les traits biologiques et écologiques des espèces répondent davantage à l’âge et l’histoire des lisières qu’à la distance à la bordure. La hiérarchie des facteurs environnementaux, paysagers et historiques confirment le rôle prépondérant de la qualité locale de l’habitat dans la structure des communautés. La variabilité temporelle des effets de lisière a été abordée par un suivi horaire des variations microclimatiques au cours d’une année. Les faibles écarts microclimatiques entre la lisière et l’intérieur du bois au cours des saisons suggèrent un rôle faible du microclimat sur la structure des assemblages d’espèces. Enfin, la variabilité spatiale des lisières dans un paysage de large étendue a été évaluée par la mise au point d’une méthode originale afin de caractériser et cartographier la diversité des segments de lisières. Les résultats remettent en cause les modèles théoriques antérieurs et ouvrent des perspectives pour une meilleure compréhension des principes d’organisation des communautés végétales en lisières de forêt. La complexité des patrons de réponse aux effets de lisière justifie de porter une attention plus soutenue à la diversité des lisières dans la perspective de mieux les gérer. / Forest edges are a challenge for land management. They contain high biodiversity, regulate ecological processes and provide environmental services to agriculture and forestry. Therefore, it is necessary to evaluate and quantify precisely edge influence on vegetation to propose management measures adapted to edge diversity. Referring to the literature asusmptions, this paper focuses on understanding the variation in the distribution patterns of forest plant communities in response to contrasted edge types in rural landscape. All vascular plant species of the understorey forest vegetation have been identified along 28 transects, pertaining to seven edge types of “coteaux de Gascogne”. Transects were perpendicular to the forest border and included 20 contiguous quadrats of 2 m × 2 m, towards forest interior. I tried to measure the depth of edge influence on vegetation using the two-phase linear regression method. Facing to high heterogeneity, I characterized the distribution patterns of plant communities by five continuous models for comparison. Edge effect structure the distribution of plant communities along a gradient from the border toward the forest interior. Response patterns to edge influence were more variable than expected and challenge the hypothetical response model pattern widely accepted in the literature. However, a common pattern of vegetation for all transects was identified using the k-tables STATIS method. Analysis of edge effects on a sub-sample of species was refined using on the one hand biological and ecological species traits and environmental variables at different spatio-temporal scales, on the other. The functional response of plant species better suited to the age and history of the edges than the distance from the border. Nevertheless, the hierarchy of environmental, landscape and historical context confirm the role of habitat quality on distribution patterns of forest vegetation. Temporal variability of edge effects has been addressed by monitoring hourly microclimatic variations over one year. The small differences in microclimate between edge and forest interior over seasons suggest a weak role of microclimate on the structure of plant species assemblages. Finally, the spatial variability of edges at the landscape level has been evaluated. An original method, Cartolis, has been developed to characterize and map the diversity of forest edge segments. Our results, calling into question the earlier theoretical models, provide opportunities for a better understanding of plant distribution patterns in forest edges. The complexity of responses obtained warrants to bring more attention to edge diversity for better management and conservation of plant species.

Throughout history, there have been playful prefaces to literature (or in classical oratory, before display pieces). But German examples written by authors around 1800 to their own works, together with contemporary, self-authored prefaces to speculative philosophy, constitute a peculiarly paradoxical text type. Once literature was conceived as an autonomous domain rather than as a branch of general learning; as a popular book market took hold; and once systematic philosophy competed with literature’s broad acclaim as well as intellectual independence, the preface became not only a pragmatic, but also a creative and conceptual problem. Hence the preface became complicated as a form, in a broadly Romantic tradition of thought in which every act of genuine reflection was understood to expose epistemological contradiction. After my general, theoretical Preface and my comparative, historical Introduction, I focus on three preface paradoxes and three case studies of remarkably complex textuality: on Goethe, Jean Paul and Hegel. Most notable among their prefatory texts are the prefaces to Werther (1774), to a fictive second edition of Quintus Fixlein (1797) and to Phänomenologie des Geistes (1807). This trajectory is a story that begins with literary creativity and moves towards greater philosophical intricacy. The significance of my study is threefold. First and foremost, considering prefaces in this period of German literature and philosophy complements and augments the negative, subjective Early German Romantic idea of irony, Romantic textual fragmentation, as well as Jean Paul’s and Hegel’s literary and philosophically informed attempts to render both concepts and their manifestation on the page more positive and objective. Fragments are conventionally conceived as additive pieces, fortifying or undermining works. This conception can hold true for prefaces, including those by Goethe, Jean Paul and Hegel. At the end of the eighteenth and the beginning of the nineteenth century, though, a number of writers of fragments argued that their works should be understood as wholes. Precisely some prefaces by Goethe, Jean Paul and Hegel can be read so paradoxically: as unifying, wholesome (in a Sentimental sense) and systematic fragments respectively. Second and third, I show the wider importance of the German preface at the turn of the nineteenth century. Authors around 1800 not only displayed, but discovered and debated a prefatory paradoxicality that we encounter in post-Romantic, post-Structuralist and post-modern literature, theory and philosophy, too. Moreover, I demonstrate the ways in which prefaces by particularly Jean Paul and Hegel influenced especially Kierkegaard, Heidegger and Derrida.

Dans Mortuaires, une pièce de théâtre en fragments, deux soeurs se rencontrent dans une chambre d'hôtel; Jiji, la plus vieille, vient de retrouver les cendres de leur mère, morte dix ans auparavant; elle voudrait enterrer l'urne définitivement, alors que la plus jeune, Ge, tient à la garder près d'elle. Ce sera l'occasion pour les soeurs de faire valoir leur propre désir et de célébrer la morte, de reprendre contact avec ce qui reste d'elle dans leur mémoire. Le texte se présente sous forme de mini-scènes sans continuité, bien qu’étant toutes reliées, comme un dialogue interrompu, une cérémonie rejouant la mise en pièces du corps. La fragmentation de la mémoire constitue le projet esthétique de la pièce, dont le ressort dramatique tourne autour du souvenir endeuillé et du corps mort. La mort-vivance comme motif d'écriture dans « Aurélia » de Gérard de Nerval est un essai portant sur le rapport qu'entretient Nerval avec les morts dans le récit, ceux-ci constituant son moteur d'écriture. Au moyen de théories telles que la psychanalyse (Freud, Jackson), la sociologie (Muray) et la théorie de la lecture (Picard), il sera démontré que Nerval, dans Aurélia, se fait spirite en faisant revenir les morts au moyen du rêve. L'écriture se pose comme un lieu de rencontre entre les vivants et les morts, un espace dans lequel chacun doit se faire mort-vivant pour aller retrouver l'autre. Les frontières se brouillent et il devient difficile pour Nerval, ainsi que pour le lecteur, de distinguer le rêve de la réalité. / In Mortuaires, a drama in fragments, two sisters meet in a hotel room; Jiji, the oldest, has just found their mother's ashes, dead 10 years ago; she would like to bury the urn, but the youngest, Ge, intends to keep it. It will be the occasion for them to emphasize on their own desire and, much more, to celebrate the dead mother, to reconnect with what remains of her in their memory. The text presents small scenes without continuity, although linked, like an interrupted dialogue, a ceremony replaying the body's breaking into pieces. The memory's fragmentation is the esthetic project of the drama, whose basic dramatic's spring turns around remembering, mourning, and the place of the dead body. La mort-vivance comme motif d'écriture dans « Aurélia » de Gérard de Nerval is an essay studying the connexion between Nerval and the dead ones. In the story, these ones are very important in the process of writing. Using theories such as psychoanalysis (Freud, Jackson), sociology (Muray) and reading theory (Picard), it will be shown that Nerval, in Aurélia, is a medium and tries to take the dead ones back through dream. The writing of his dreams creates for Nerval a place where the living and the dead ones can meet, a place where everyone has to become a living dead to be in contact with others. In that way, boundaries are blurring and it becomes increasingly hard for Nerval, as for the reader, to distinguish dream from reality.

La matière-source du Cycle des astres est une écriture du présent consignée à la volée, des instantanés du quotidien qui laisse trace dans une écriture-temps aux formes hétéroclites. À la fois inscription du présent et trace du passé, la double temporalité des textes participe à la construction narrative d’une œuvre de création où coexistent premiers jets, poésie et autographie, et à l’articulation d’un projet d’écriture où se déploie la construction du Sens. Je me suis intéressée au recyclage des archives, aux jeux de temporalités, mais principalement à la construction narrative du récit et à son effet sur la subjectivité à l’œuvre dans le texte. À partir d’une lecture critique de L’Événement d’Annie Ernaux, je propose dans Le surgissement à l’œuvre une analyse de l’écriture fragmentaire et hétérogène comme moyen pour saisir la réalité à travers l’expérience d’une conscience subjective incarnée dans un texte qui rétablit la cohérence à l’œuvre. / The source/matter for Le Cycle des astres stems from a stenography of the present, snapshots of daily-life that leave trace through diversified forms of writing that I called écriture-temps. The inscription of the present becoming signs from the past represent the double temporality of the texts used as material used in my creative work where drafts, poetry and autography co-occur, and leave trace of a writing project in which the construction of Meaning unfolds through the process. I studied the recycling of archives and the interplay of temporalities, but mostly the construction of the narrative put forward by the text, and its effect on subjectivity. Du surgissement à l’oeuvre furthers this exploration of fragmentary and heteregeneous writing through a critical reading of Annie Ernaux's L’Événement. Writing is shown here as a means by which the essence of a subjective experience is embodied in a text that reestablishes its coherence.

Il est reconnu que les résultats électoraux au Canada varient grandement selon la région. Afin de trouver des explications à ce phénomène, il convient d’étudier comment les grandes régions du Canada se distinguent les unes des autres sur le plan politique. La présente recherche amorce cette étude sous l’angle de l’idéologie. Elle tente de déterminer en quoi l’idéologie politique diffère d’une région à l’autre du pays. Elle s’appuie sur les données des études électorales canadiennes de 2008. On a recours à des questions évaluant les préférences des répondants par rapport à plusieurs enjeux politiques pour répondre à la question de recherche. On conduit en premier lieu une analyse factorielle, qui identifie six facteurs qui ont structuré l’opinion publique lors de l’élection de 2008. Ensuite, des tests T sont conduits pour vérifier si les moyennes de ces facteurs idéologiques sont statistiquement différentes d’une région à l’autre. Les résultats montrent que les différences régionales sont souvent significatives et suivent les hypothèses. Toutefois, les résultats touchant à la privatisation de la santé ainsi qu’au Manitoba et à la Saskatchewan vont à l’encontre des attentes. / It is widely known that electoral results in Canada vary greatly from one region to the next. To explain this phenomenon, it is only appropriate to study how Canadian regions differ from each other politically. The current research is especially interested in regional variations in political ideology. The research relies on data from the 2008 Canadian Electoral Studies. It uses opinion statements to assess respondents’ political preferences to answer the research question. A factor analysis is conducted from these variables to highlight six ideological dimensions. Furthermore, t-tests are used to verify if regional differences on these ideological dimensions are statistically significant. Results show that differences across regions are very often significant and follow hypotheses. However, results regarding the privatization of healthcare and the Midwest run counter to expectations.

The present thesis explores works of Pavel Růžek and Jerzy Pilch, its central focus being the analysis and interpretation of their approach towards one's own biography and one's identity as a writer. Although both authors come from the same generation, they address different literary traditions and construct different poetics. What they have in common, however, are literary motifs rooted in their biographies, such as alcoholism, the mythology of childhood, [the existence of] "fateful places," even particular types of women or other characters (including animals). Additionally, the thesis scrutinises the position of both writers in the consciousness of Polish and Czech readership along with their place on the two literary markets.

Les anticorps catalytiques sont étudiés pour comprendre leur rôle en conditions physiopathologiques. Ils semblent aussi représenter des outils révolutionnaires pour des études à l'interface entre la chimie, la biochimie, la biologie et immunologie. Par conséquent, la connaissance des relations de structure- fonction représente un grand intérêt. Nous avons exploré deux systèmes d'expression pour la production d'un anticorps catalytique modèle présentant une activité bêta-lactamase. Le fragment scFv recombinant a été produit dans le système d'expression procaryote. Les scFv sont souvent décrits comme des protéines difficiles à produire. Une méthode efficace a été développée pour produire de grandes quantités de scFv solubles et correctement repliés. L'anticorps catalytique entier a aussi été produit en exploitant le système d'expression eucaryote. Des cellules de mammifères ont été utilisées car elles peuvent conserver le repliement original des protéines, leur assemblage et les modifications post-traductionnelles. La structure secondaire du scFv catalytique a été analysée par dichroïsme circulaire pour s’assurer que la renaturation du scFv est en accord avec le repliement des scFv natifs. La fonctionnalité du scFv catalytique et de l'anticorps catalytique entier a été validée par deux approches : (1) le développement d’un test immuno-enzymatique (ELISA) et la résonance plasmonique de surface (RPS) et (2) le développement d'un test catalytique sensible utilisant un substrat fluorogénique. Ce travail amène à considérer de potentielles applications biotechnologiques et thérapeutiques des anticorps catalytiques. / Catalytic antibodies are investigated in order to understand their role under physio-pathological situations. But they also appear to be revolutionary tools to perform studies at the interface between chemistry, biochemistry, biology and immunology. Consequently, the knowledge of structure–function relationships is of great interest. We explored two expression systems for the production of a model catalytic antibody displaying a beta-lactamase activity. The recombinant scFv fragment was produced in the prokaryotic expression system. scFv fragments are often described as proteins being laborious to produce. An efficient method was developed to produce large quantities of refolded soluble catalytic scFv. Whole catalytic antibody was also produced by exploiting eukaryotic expression system. Mammalian cells were used because they are able to retain the original protein folding, assembly and post-translational modifications. The secondary structure of the catalytic scFv has been analyzed by circular dichroism to ensure that the refolded scFv is consistent with a native scFv fold. The functionality of the catalytic scFv and whole catalytic antibody has been validated by two approaches: (1) development of enzyme-linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) and surface plasmon resonance (SPR) approaches for testing that the binding characteristics of an inhibitory peptide have been retained, and (2) proof of the subtle catalytic properties conservation through the development of a new sensitive catalytic assay using a fluorogenic substrate. This will lead to consider potential biotechnological and therapeutic applications of catalytic antibodies.

Master of Science / Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology / Richard 'Dick' Hesse / Carol Wyatt / Over the last two decades molecular laboratory techniques have enabled researchers to investigate the infection, replication and pathogenesis of viral disease. In the early eighties, Dr. George Smith developed a unique system of molecular selection. He showed that the fd bacteriophage genome could be manipulated to carry a sequence of DNA coding for a protein not contained in the phage genome. Infection of the recombinant bacteriophage or phagemid into a specific strain of the bacterium, Escherichia coli, produced progeny phage with the coded protein displayed as a fusion with the phage's coat protein. Antibody phage display utilizes the same technology with the DNA encoding an antibody fragment. The DNA insert can carry the information to produce either a single chain variable fragment (scFv) producing the heavy chain variable and light chain variable (VH-VL) portion or a Fab fragment which also contains the heavy chain constant 1 with the light chain constant (CH and CL) portion of an antibody. Screening an antibody phage display library has the possibility of producing an antibody not produced in the normal course of immune selection. This decade also saw the emergence of a viral disease affecting the porcine population. The Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome virus (PRRSV) has been one of the most costly diseases affecting the pig producer. Molecular investigations found that PRRSV is a single, positive-stranded RNA virus which codes for five structural and 12-13 nonstructural proteins producing an enveloped, icosahedral virus. An interesting characteristic of PRRSV is the ability to produce infective progeny with genomic deletions, insertions and mutations within the nonstructural protein 2 (nsp2). With this knowledge, many researchers have produced marker vaccines containing fluorescent tags with the hope of developing a DIVA (Differentiate Infected from Vaccinated Animals) vaccine. In my Master‟s studies, I studied the techniques of antibody phage display technology and how to apply these methods to producing scFvs which recognize a recombinant PRRSV nsp2 fragment protein and the native protein during infection of MARC-145 cells.

A digoxina é um dos medicamentos indicados para o tratamento de falência cardíaca. Possui janela terapêutica estreita, sendo responsável por casos de intoxicação. O único antídoto disponível para a desintoxicação é o anticorpo policlonal DigiFab®, no formato Fab. O seu uso é eficaz, porém de custo elevado. Clones bacterianos produtores de fragmento Fab monoclonal anti-digoxina foram obtidos previamente pelo nosso grupo, pela técnica de phage display. Neste trabalho as variantes Fab dos 4 clones foram expressas em E.coli para estabelecer o método para a purificação. Com a obtenção dos fragmentos Fab purificados, foi caracterizada a sua afinidade ao antígeno e especificidade, em ensaios de inibição por digoxina, digitoxina, digoxigenina e ouabaina. Os parâmetros cinéticos da ligação dos fragmentos Fab dos 4 clones e do DigiFab® foram avaliados por SPR. Nas condições experimentais, não foram verificadas diferenças significativas entre os produtos dos 4 clones e o comercial, demonstrando o potencial dos fragmentos Fab monoclonais obtidos como antídoto à digoxina. / Digoxin is a medication indicated for heart failure treatment. Its therapeutic window is narrow, being responsible for intoxication cases. The only antidote available for the detoxification is a polyclonal antibody - DigiFab® in Fab format. Its use is effective, but costly. Bacterial clones producing anti-digoxin monoclonal Fab fragments were previously obtained by our group using phage display technology. In this work the Fab variants of the 4 clones were expressed in E.coli to establish the purification method. The purified fragments were characterized regarding the affinity to the antigen and the specificity through inhibition assays with digoxin, digitoxin, digoxigenin and ouabain. The binding kinetic parameters of Fab fragments of the 4 clones and the commercial product to Dig-BSA conjugate were assessed by SPR. Under the experimental conditions no significant differences were observed among the 4 clones and the commercial product, demonstrating the potential of monoclonal Fab fragments as an antidote to digoxin.

INTRODUÇÃO: A incidência de tuberculose (TB) em Santos (SP) situa-se em 73/100.000 habitantes-ano. A prevalência média de coinfecção TB/HIV é de 16%, taxas de cura e abandono de tratamento, entre casos novos são, respectivamente, 71% e 12%. Tais indicadores sugerem elevado risco para TB multidroga resistente (TBMR) no município, com incidência estimada em 1,9/100.000 habitantes-ano. OBJETIVO: Descrever e analisar o perfil de sensibilidade às drogas (TS) de primeira e segunda linha de tratamento entre pacientes com TB pulmonar (TBP), estimar a incidência de TBMR e a proporção de TB extensivamente resistente (TBXR); analisar aspectos moleculares, epidemiológicos e institucionais dos casos de TBP resistentes em Santos (SP). MÉTODOS: Estudo descritivo de uma coorte de pacientes de TBP, com início de tratamento ou retratamento entre 01 de janeiro de 2011 a 31 de dezembro de 2012. Definiu-se como caso de TBP, indivíduos com 15 anos ou mais, de ambos os sexos, residentes no município de Santos, com manifestações clínicas compatíveis com TBP e confirmação por cultura com isolamento de Mycobacterium tuberculosis. As variáveis de interesse para o estudo foram as características sociodemográficas, história atual e pregressa de TB, aspectos relativos ao tratamento, co-morbidades, ao diagnóstico e resistência a drogas. Para as análises comparativas entre proporções foram usados os testes qui-quadrado de Pearson e o Exato de Fisher e para variáveis contínuas o teste T de Student ou o de Kruskal - Wallis. Os perfis genéticos dos isoladas resistentes a ao menos uma droga foram obtidos pela técnica RLFP e analisados pelo programa Bionumerics versão 5.0 (Applied Maths - Bélgica). A descrição da distribuição espacial da TB resistentes e clusters foram feitas mediante a inserção dos casos no mapa de Santos, por endereço de residência, segundo o índice de vulnerabilidade social. RESULTADOS: Dos 263 casos de TBP selecionados, 68,4% (180/263) eram do sexo masculino, a mediana da idade foi de 38 anos, 8,7% (23/263) eram diabéticos; 20,4% (42/206) dos casos novos apresentavam ao menos um fator de risco para TBMR; destacando-se entre estes casos 10,7% (22/206) de confecção HIV/TB; 47,3% (123/260) tiveram tratamento supervisionado, 14,7% (91/617) dos contatos foram examinados, 18,6% (49/263) foram hospitalizados durante o tratamento, perfazendo uma média de 145,4 dias por paciente. Entre os casos resistentes a ao menos uma droga, a resistência à isoniazida foi 8,4% (22/263) e à rifampicina 3,8% (10/263) dos casos. A TBMR primária foi encontrada em 1,9% (4/206) dos casos e destes 25,0% (1/4) eram TBXR. A incidência média anual de TBMR foi de 0,57/100,000 habitantes. Dos 25 isolados resistentes ao menos uma droga, submetidos à RFLP, 12 (48,0%) foram agrupados em seis grupos genéticos, com dois pacientes em cada grupo. CONCLUSÕES: A elevada proporção TBMR primária, com um caso de TBXR enfatizam a necessidade de universalizar a cultura e TS, ampliar a cobertura do tratamento supervisionado, a investigação rotineira dos contatos e o monitoramento da resistência a drogas. O fortalecimento da vigilância da resistência às drogas é indispensável para o contínuo aperfeiçoamento do Programa de Controle da TB, especialmente em regiões de elevada carga da doença / INTRODUCTION: The incidence of tuberculosis (TB) in Santos (SP) is located around 73 / 100,000-year, approximately double that found on average in the country. The average prevalence of TB / HIV is 16% cure rates and treatment dropout among new cases are, respectively, 71% and 12%. Such indicators suggest high risk for multidrug-resistant TB (MR-TB) in the city, with the incidence estimated at 1.9 / 100,000-year. OBJECTIVE: To describe and analyze the sensitivity to drugs of first and second line treatment of patients with pulmonary TB (PTB) to estimate the incidence of MR-TB and extensively drugresistant TB (TBXR), describe molecular and institutional aspects, spatial distribution, epidemiological PTB resistant cases in the city of Santos (SP). METHODS: A descriptive study of a cohort of patients with PTB residing in the city who started treatment or retreatment in the period January 2011 to December 31, 2012. The case definition PTB individuals 15 years or more, both sexes, living in the city of Santos (SP), who present clinical manifestations compatible with PTB and whose confirmation was made by culture with isolation of M. tuberculosis. The variables of interest for the study were: bacteriological / laboratory socio-demographic characteristics, current and previous history of TB, aspects related to treatment, and comorbidities. For comparative analyzes of proportions the chi-squared tests and Fisher\'s exact were used for continuous variables and the Student t test or the Kruskal - Wallis. The genetic profiles of isolates resistant to at least one drug were obtained by RFLP (length polymorphism restriction fragment) and analyzed using version BioNumerics 5.0 (Applied Maths - Belgium) software. The description of the spatial distribution of resistant TB and the clusters was made by inserting the cases in Santos map, by address of residence, which was according to the index of social vulnerability. RESULTS: Of the 263 cases of PTB selected, 68.4% (180/263) were male, th median age was 38 years, 8.7% (23/263) were diabetes; 20.4% (42/206) of new cases had at least one risk factor for MR-TB, especially 10.7% (22/206) of making HIV / TB; 47.3% (123/260) underwent supervised treatment, 14.7% (91/617) of the contacts were examined, 18.6% (49/263) were hospitalized during treatment, totaling 7127 days of hospitalization with a mean 145.4 days per patient. Among the cases resistant to at least one drug resistance to isoniazid 8.4% (22/263) and rifampin 3.8% (10/263) of the cases was found. The primary MR-TB was found in 1.9% (4/206) of MR-TB cases and of these 25.0% (1/4) were TBXR. The average annual incidence of MDR-TB was 0.57/100,000 inhabitants. Of the 25 isolates resistant least one drug, subjected to molecular characterization of IS6110, 12 (48.0%) were grouped in six clusters, with each group including two isolates. CONCLUSIONS: A high proportion of primary MR-TB, including a case of TBXR emphasizes the need to universalize culture and TS, expand the coverage of supervised treatment, routine investigation of contacts and monitoring of drug resistance. The strengthening of the surveillance of drug resistance is essential for continuous improvement of the TB Control Program, especially in regions of high disease burden