Submitted by ELIS REGINA FERNANDES ALVES null (elisregi@hotmail.com) on 2018-02-08T14:33:16Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Tese final com capa e ficha catalográfica Elis Regina F Alves.pdf: 3158710 bytes, checksum: c026b930cb386bba77e49c8a72bb5c0c (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Elza Mitiko Sato null (elzasato@ibilce.unesp.br) on 2018-02-08T17:00:56Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_erf_dr_sjrp.pdf: 3158710 bytes, checksum: c026b930cb386bba77e49c8a72bb5c0c (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2018-02-08T17:00:56Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 alves_erf_dr_sjrp.pdf: 3158710 bytes, checksum: c026b930cb386bba77e49c8a72bb5c0c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2018-02-02 / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Amazonas (FAPEAM) / Analisam-se os romances The Longest Memory (1994) e Feeding the Ghosts (1997), do anglo-guianense Fred D’Aguiar, sob a perspectiva da memória da escravidão. Os dois romances tematizam a memória da escravidão em momentos distintos, construindo uma espécie de panorama da escravidão negra transatlântica, desde a captura de escravos em África e a passagem intermédia, até a escravidão nas plantations norte-americanas nos séculos XVIII e XIX. A história da escravidão negra evidencia o peso da escravidão para a economia política da Europa e do Novo Mundo. Mas, sua memória tem sido relatada com base na visão do senhor de escravos, e não do escravo. Quando ficcionalizada, a memória da escravidão parece querer revisitar os legados deixados por esta barbárie. Diversos são os tipos de memórias que relembram, discutem, denunciam a escravidão e, neste sentido, este trabalho analisou, com base, principalmente, no conceito de memória coletiva de Halbwachs (2006), as memórias coletivas da escravidão, além de verificar como a memória histórica da escravidão é construída e quais memórias são descartadas para a composição desta memória histórica, que se torna oficializada. Evidenciou-se como o mesmo fato poder ser rememorado de formas diferentes, de acordo com as ideologias de quem as lembra, de modo a deixar claro como a História da escravidão é contada de forma enviesada, unilateral, pois que considera as memórias da elite detentora do poder e não dos sujeitos escravos. As memórias coletivas dos sujeitos escravos não são levadas em consideração ao se oficializar a história e, assim, a memória da escravidão parece estar sendo minimizada pela história e é a ficção quem parece não querer deixar-nos esquecer de seu legado, o que se evidencia nos dois romances analisados que buscam dar voz ao escravo, mesmo que essa voz acabe se perdendo na confecção da memória histórica dos eventos relativos à sua escravização. / The novels The Longest Memory (1994) and Feeding the Ghosts (1997), by the Anglo-Guianian Fred D'Aguiar, are analyzed from the perspective of the memory of slavery. The two novels thematize the memory of slavery at different times, building a kind of panorama of transatlantic black slavery, from the capture of slaves in Africa and the middle passage, to slavery on the American plantations in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. The history of black slavery shows the weight of slavery for the political economy of Europe and the New World. But its memory has been told from the point of view of the master of slaves, and not of the slave. When fictionalized, the memory of slavery seems to want to revisit the legacies left by this barbarism. There are several types of memories that recall, discuss, denounce slavery and, in this sense, this work analyzed, mainly, the concept of collective memory of Halbwachs (2006), the collective memories of slavery, as well as to verify how the historical memory of slavery is built and what memories are discarded for the composition of this historical memory, which ones become official. It has been shown how the same fact can be recalled in different ways, according to the ideologies of the one who remembers them, so as to make it clear how the History of slavery is counted in a biased, unilateral way, since it considers the memories of the holding elite of power and not of the slave subjects. The collective memories of the slave subjects are not taken into account when the history is made official, and thus the memory of slavery seems to be being minimized by history, and it is fiction who does not seem to want to let us forget its legacy, which is evidenced in these two analyzed novels that seek to give voice to the slave, even if that voice ends up being lost in the making of the historical memory of the events related to his/her enslavement. / EDITAL N. 001/2014 - RH-DOUTORADO

Ce travail de recherche propose une étude de l’œuvre intégrale, en vers et en prose, de Fred D'Aguiar, à travers le prisme du mythe, de la métaphore et de la mémoire, et dans le cadre d'une définition large, inclusive et interculturelle de la littérature caraïbe. A partir de la mise en lumière de la relation hypomnésique de la métaphore à la mythologie et à la métaphysique occidentale, l'argumentation s'étend sur des questions telles que celle du lien entre référent et monde et élabore une vision à la fois interculturelle et géographique de la métaphore en tant que tropicalité. La tropicalité donne, à son tour, son élan à l'argumentation, en permettant, pour la première moitié de ce travail de recherche, la production d'une lecture singulière de la poésie de Fred D'Aguiar, qui s'avère aussi liée à un vaste corpus littéraire, s'étendant de l'Antiquité romaine au réalisme magique américain et caraïbe, du romantisme britannique à la philosophie de Jacques Derrida. La deuxième moitié de ce travail explore la prose de Fred D'Aguiar à travers le thème de l'orphelinat, car tous les protagonistes de ses romans sont des orphelins – et, qui plus est, parce-que le roman est aussi, par définition, le genre qui nie toute filiation. Divisée en deux chapitres, cette deuxième partie de l'étude commence par une problématisation des liens qui opèrent entre textualité et orphelinat ainsi qu'entre orphelinat et esclavage, mais aussi entre esclavage et illettrisme, afin d'étudier la représentation de l'esclavage dans les romans de Fred D'Aguiar. Cette deuxième moitié progresse ensuite vers une réflexion sur les qualités surnaturelles, voire orphiques des orphelins de la prose d'aguiarienne, ainsi que sur leur relation, tout autant orphique, à l'environnement. En conséquence, le présent travail de recherche se clôt sur deux questions : celle de la tradition orphique qui sous-tend l'histoire de la littérature, de l'antiquité jusqu'à présent, et celle de la dimension écocritique de la littérature contemporaine, que l'on proposera de défendre pour certains cas, en tant qu'environnementalisme vatique. / The present dissertation proposes a study of Fred D'Aguiar's complete verse and prose works, through the triple lens of myth, metaphor and memory, and from within a broad, inclusive, and cross-cultural understanding of Caribbean literature. Beginning with an exacerbation of metaphor's hypomnesic relationship to mythology and Western metaphysics, the argument expands to address issues such as that of the relationship between word and world, and elaborates a cross-cultural, and geographically-based understanding of metaphor as tropicality. Tropicality in turn gives the argument its thrust, as it allows, in the first half of the dissertation, for a singular reading of Fred D'Aguiar's entire verse corpus, which is also shown, in the process, to intersect with a vast body of literature, ranging from Roman antiquity to American-Caribbean magic(al) realism and from British romanticism to the philosophy of Jacques Derrida. The second half of this research work explores D'Aguiar's novels in terms of orphanhood, as all the protagonists of his six novels – itself a genre which, presenting itself as newness, denies filiation – are orphans. Divided in two chapters, the second half of this dissertation begins with a problematization of the links that relate textuality to orphanhood and orphanhood to slavery, but also slavery to literacy, in order to study Fred D'Aguiar's novelistic accounts of slavery. It then proposes a reflection on the supernatural, Orphic qualities of D'Aguiar's orphan characters, and of their relation to the environment, which leads, in turn, to reflections on the Orphic traditions pervading literary history, and opens up onto the ecocritical dimensions of contemporary literature, through the tentative coinage of the notion of vatic environmentalism.

This thesis grapples with questions surrounding representation, mourning, and responsibility in relation to two literary representations of the ZONG massacre of 1781. These texts are M. NourbeSe Philip’s ZONG! and Fred D’Aguiar’s FEEDING THE GHOSTS. The only extant archival document—a record of the insurance dispute which ensued as a consequence of the massacre—does not represent the drowned as victims, nor can it represent the magnitude of the atrocity. As such, this thesis posits that the archival gaps or silences from which the captives’ voices are missing become spaces of possibility for additive representation. This thesis also examines the role voice and sound play in these literary texts and the deconstructive-ethical philosophies of Jean-Luc Nancy and Jacques Derrida. This thesis argues that these texts invoke the sonic materiality of voice in the service of responding to the disremembered dead through mourning and acknowledgment.