Cet essai examine, dans une première partie, l’argument de Freud sur le rêve, sur sa méthode d’interprétation et sur la construction du rêve. Une seconde partie élabore certaines questions philosophiques liées à l’argument freudien. D’abord, des questions générales sur la nature de l’objet onirique, sur la question de l’inconscient et sur celle de la finalité du rêve ; puis ensuite, est amorcée une comparaison des positions respectives de Freud et d’Aristote sur le rêve. L’objectif est de chercher, d'une part, le fondement de l’appui réclamé par Freud dans la définition que donne Aristote du rêve, et, d’autre part, d’élaborer ce qui peut en être de la vérité du rêve, vérité examinée par le biais d’une analogie avec la tragédie.

En démasquant le principe du plaisir à travers l'introduction de la pulsion de mort, la psychanalyse ouvre une nouvelle voie vers la liberté: celle pour les hommes de désirer et d'exprimer leurs sentiments mais par des chemins différents de ceux offert par le principe de plaisir. La psychanalyse propose aux hommes la possibilité d'énoncer leur désir reconnu en se nommant, tout en s'en rendant responsable. On prend comme départ la deuxième topique de la métapsychologie avec ses dualismes successifs et accentués dans le double visage de la pulsion : pulsion de vie et pulsion de mort. On suit la piste de la pulsion dans ses versions philosophiques, dans l'histoire de la psychanalyse même et dans la mise en jeu provoquée par le dualisme pulsionnel. À partir des propositions de la psychanalyse, on effectue une lecture entrecroisée des idées de certaines philosophes comme Schopenhauer et Nietzsche, afin d'établir un tour d'horizon historique des pulsions ; noyau central de l'étude réalisée.Après avoir confronté les principes essentiels de la métapsychologie, on arrive à 1' énonciation des voies de la liberté que la psychanalyse offre aux hommes dans leur condition d'individus éthiques, porteurs de ce trait inéluctable qu'est le désir. Le présent travail sera dirigé par une lecture qui met en lumière la fonction du symbolique dans le devenir culturel et qui se trouve à l'origine de la civilisation. Les propos de la psychanalyse obligent à considérer une nouvelle compréhension du monde et de soi-même. Mais cette compréhension ne change nullement la responsabilité propre. Au contraire : la psychanalyse montre comment l'être est davantage responsable qu'il ne le croyait jusque-là. Cette compréhension englobe autant les souhaits et les représentations conscients qu'inconscients. Les questions que la psychanalyse propose, s'appliquent à tous les hommes en tant que membres de la société et participants permanents à la culture, puisqu'il n'est pas possible de séparer leur vision du monde d'une situation historique et de celle de leurs ancêtres. L'éthique que la psychanalyse propose situe l'homme à sa place parmi les autres et dans l'ensemble de la culture. La psychanalyse propose que l'homme se charge de son désir et non plus qu'à cause d'un désir il se fasse prendre en charge.

Tableau d'honneur de la Faculté des études supérieures et postdoctorales, 2019-2020 / Ce mémoire propose une reconstruction de la théorie du fétichisme sexuel de Sigmund Freud. Il s’agit de déterminer à quel degré de cohérence celle-ci parvient. Le premier chapitre consiste en un travail de définition des notions mobilisées par Freud dans l’explication du fétichisme. Nous mettons en lumière la tension la plus importante qui traverse son modèle étiologique : l’appropriation de la théorie de la récapitulation d’Ernst Haeckel, réinterprétée dans la perspective du darwinisme social. Le deuxième chapitre présente une analyse systématique des deux étiologies concurrentes du phénomène. La première se centre autour du complexe de castration, et la deuxième, autour du processus de refoulement partiel d’une pulsion originaire. Hormis le problème que pose la théorie de la récapitulation déjà mentionnée, problème qu’on retrace dans les deux étiologies, la deuxième d’entre elles souffre d’un manque d’unité vu les phénomènes hétérogènes que Freud y réunit. Le troisième chapitre, décrivant les mécanismes psychiques de défense (refoulement, déni) qui entrent en jeu durant la formation du fétichisme, leur conséquence (clivage du moi), de même que la dimension éminemment symbolique et langagière de l’objet fétiche, donne à comprendre que chez Freud les catégories nosographiques sont fréquemment sujettes à des translations et à des recoupements importants. C’est à partir de cette mise en relief qu’on peut mieux estimer à quel type d’unité conceptuelle on doit s’attendre pour le fétichisme. Celui-ci, non définissable au moyen d’un caractère distinctif général, consiste en un agencement particulier entre mécanismes psychiques et expériences de vie, lui-même déterminé par certains rapports quantitatifs présumés, mais non mesurables. La dimension symbolique reconnue au fétiche, quant à elle, s’inscrit également dans la perspective de la théorie de la récapitulation. Toutefois, débarrassée de ce dernier écueil, la théorie ne s’effondre pas. Au contraire, elle gagne en cohérence, et devient plus plausible.

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My thesis is an introduction to Lacanian Psychoanalysis--and assumes all of the connotations of the word "introduction". I have tried to make it as clear and simple as possible, constantly reiterating each point in hopes that the reader will find some sort of conceptual handle in which to gain access to Lacan's world. This thesis begins with an attempt to situate the Lacanian project in its historical and theoretical context. I proffer the contributing factors that led Lacan to initiate his Seminar followed by the theoretical tasks he wished to accomplish therein. I then transition into a discussion dealing with the underlying mechanisms of language that form Jacques Lacan's specific strand of psychoanalysis.With Lacan's understanding of the functioning of the signifier in place I shift into a topological discussion of the individual symbolic concepts crucial to an understanding of the nature of Lacanian psychoanalysis. Throughout this discussion I endeavor to show how the concepts interrelate and influence the formation of all the parts of the nascent amorphous theoretical whole; all the while drawing on examples from popular culture in order to illustrate these concepts to the non-specialized reader.In the third and final section of the thesis I discuss how these concepts are manifest in the psychoanalytic practice--the actually existing analytic session. I venture a guess at how these concepts effect the work of the analyst and the analysand in order to suggest an explanation of what the terminus of analysis looks like.

Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica sobre a relação primária mãebebê, segundo os referenciais teóricos de Freud e Winnicott. O modelo narcísico freudiano da Primeira Tópica dialogará com a perspectiva relacional winnicottiana sobre a constituição do sujeito. Inicialmente serão feitas algumas considerações sobre a constituição psíquica no tempo pré-narcísico e sobre a teoria freudiana da sexualidade. Em seguida, a relação primária será estudada através da perspectiva winnicottiana do amadurecimento humano primitivo infantil, abrangendo os conceitos da transicionalidade, da ilusão e dos objetos transicionais. Conclui-se com a constatação de que há em Winnicott uma teoria do amadurecimento pessoal que engloba e ultrapassa a teoria do desenvolvimento da sexualidade de Freud / Sem abstract

O ódio ― um dos principais elementos de nossa relação com o outro ― é um afeto que suscita rejeição. Na perspectiva psicanalítica, ele protagoniza o processo de estruturação subjetiva do sujeito e por vezes funciona como elemento de preservação psíquica, como nos revela a prática clínica. Diante disto, é oportuno indagar: de que forma o ódio atua no psiquismo? A presente pesquisa se propõe a ser prolongamento da atividade clínica e a dar prosseguimento a estudos por nós anteriormente desenvolvidos. Para tanto, recorremos às postulações de três dos principais autores e psicanalistas conhecidos: S. Freud, M. Klein e D. W. Winnicott. Considerando as concepções de sujeito e de psiquismo humano de cada um desses autores, constatamos, em suas teorizações, a existência de dados fundamentais para o entendimento da presença do ódio na dinâmica psíquica. Partindo de tais teorias ― aqui parcialmente ampliadas por reflexões de estudiosos da atualidade sobre tal afeto ―, centramos nossa investigação na trama paradoxal do ódio, dada sua ambivalente atuação na dinâmica psíquica: funciona tanto como elemento de estruturação e afirmação do sujeito, quanto de resistência e destrutividade. Transitando entre os polos teórico e clínico ―e desse modo realçando a articulação ativa entre teoria e clínica, tal como postula a psicanálise ―, recorremos também a fragmentos clínicos para ilustrar nosso argumento central. Os exemplos clínicos reportados neste texto sugerem, em suma, que o ódio ― tal como evidenciado no processo de análise ― pode ser igualmente usado como defesa, assim modificando o desenvolvimento da trama psíquica. Acreditamos, finalmente, que esta tese possa vir a se constituir em subsídio e contribuição para aqueles que se dedicam à prática psicanalítica e ao estudo da psicanálise, particularmente no que diz respeito às complexas e reveladoras manifestações do ódio, características da condição humana. / Hatred ― one of the main constituent elements in ones relationship with other people― is a kind of affection that may engender rejection. From a psychoanalytical perspective, it protagonizes the selfs subjective structuring process and, at times, contributes to psychic preservation, as revealed in clinical practice. Thence, the need to start this work by posing the following question: how does hatred work in the psychic structure? This research is meant to be an extension of clinical practice and of our previously developed studies. To achieve this goal, we have resorted to some of the concepts of three major psychoanalists and authors: S. Freud, M. Klein and D. W. Winnicott. Considering their concepts on both the self and human psychism, we have detected in their theories pieces of information which are basic to the understanding of the presence of hatred in psychic dynamics; in addition to this, we have here examined some present day scholars contributions to our theme. All of these materials have helped us perceive the paradoxical plot created by the ambivalence of this affection in psychic dynamics, where it works not only to build up the selfs structure and affirmation, but also as an element of resistance and destructiveness. Moving from theory to clinical practice ― and thus reinforcing the active articulation between both these poles, as recommended by psychoanalysis ― we have also resorted to clinical fragments to illustrate our major argument. The clinical examples here reported suggest, in short, that hatred can be equally used as a defense ― as evidenced, for example, in the analytical process ―, thus modifying the development of the psychic plot. Finally, we do believe that this investigation can eventually contribute to the work of those who dedicate themselves to psychoanalytical practice and the study of psychoanalysis, particularly as regards the complex and revealing expressions of hatred, which are characteristic of the human condition.

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:08:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 dissertacao_dorcas_luisa.pdf: 684812 bytes, checksum: fb633657c10eca70e4871ad990bd6cdb (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-06-30 / Sem abstract / Este trabalho apresenta uma pesquisa qualitativa bibliográfica sobre a relação primária mãebebê, segundo os referenciais teóricos de Freud e Winnicott. O modelo narcísico freudiano da Primeira Tópica dialogará com a perspectiva relacional winnicottiana sobre a constituição do sujeito. Inicialmente serão feitas algumas considerações sobre a constituição psíquica no tempo pré-narcísico e sobre a teoria freudiana da sexualidade. Em seguida, a relação primária será estudada através da perspectiva winnicottiana do amadurecimento humano primitivo infantil, abrangendo os conceitos da transicionalidade, da ilusão e dos objetos transicionais. Conclui-se com a constatação de que há em Winnicott uma teoria do amadurecimento pessoal que engloba e ultrapassa a teoria do desenvolvimento da sexualidade de Freud

Made available in DSpace on 2017-06-01T18:29:25Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 maria_neuma_carvalho_barros.pdf: 1957741 bytes, checksum: e836ca2c900673e0819088366e694031 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2014-08-14 / Hatred ― one of the main constituent elements in one s relationship with other people― is a kind of affection that may engender rejection. From a psychoanalytical perspective, it protagonizes the self s subjective structuring process and, at times, contributes to psychic preservation, as revealed in clinical practice. Thence, the need to start this work by posing the following question: how does hatred work in the psychic structure? This research is meant to be an extension of clinical practice and of our previously developed studies. To achieve this goal, we have resorted to some of the concepts of three major psychoanalists and authors: S. Freud, M. Klein and D. W. Winnicott. Considering their concepts on both the self and human psychism, we have detected in their theories pieces of information which are basic to the understanding of the presence of hatred in psychic dynamics; in addition to this, we have here examined some present day scholars contributions to our theme. All of these materials have helped us perceive the paradoxical plot created by the ambivalence of this affection in psychic dynamics, where it works not only to build up the self s structure and affirmation, but also as an element of resistance and destructiveness. Moving from theory to clinical practice ― and thus reinforcing the active articulation between both these poles, as recommended by psychoanalysis ― we have also resorted to clinical fragments to illustrate our major argument. The clinical examples here reported suggest, in short, that hatred can be equally used as a defense ― as evidenced, for example, in the analytical process ―, thus modifying the development of the psychic plot. Finally, we do believe that this investigation can eventually contribute to the work of those who dedicate themselves to psychoanalytical practice and the study of psychoanalysis, particularly as regards the complex and revealing expressions of hatred, which are characteristic of the human condition. / O ódio ― um dos principais elementos de nossa relação com o outro ― é um afeto que suscita rejeição. Na perspectiva psicanalítica, ele protagoniza o processo de estruturação subjetiva do sujeito e por vezes funciona como elemento de preservação psíquica, como nos revela a prática clínica. Diante disto, é oportuno indagar: de que forma o ódio atua no psiquismo? A presente pesquisa se propõe a ser prolongamento da atividade clínica e a dar prosseguimento a estudos por nós anteriormente desenvolvidos. Para tanto, recorremos às postulações de três dos principais autores e psicanalistas conhecidos: S. Freud, M. Klein e D. W. Winnicott. Considerando as concepções de sujeito e de psiquismo humano de cada um desses autores, constatamos, em suas teorizações, a existência de dados fundamentais para o entendimento da presença do ódio na dinâmica psíquica. Partindo de tais teorias ― aqui parcialmente ampliadas por reflexões de estudiosos da atualidade sobre tal afeto ―, centramos nossa investigação na trama paradoxal do ódio, dada sua ambivalente atuação na dinâmica psíquica: funciona tanto como elemento de estruturação e afirmação do sujeito, quanto de resistência e destrutividade. Transitando entre os polos teórico e clínico ―e desse modo realçando a articulação ativa entre teoria e clínica, tal como postula a psicanálise ―, recorremos também a fragmentos clínicos para ilustrar nosso argumento central. Os exemplos clínicos reportados neste texto sugerem, em suma, que o ódio ― tal como evidenciado no processo de análise ― pode ser igualmente usado como defesa, assim modificando o desenvolvimento da trama psíquica. Acreditamos, finalmente, que esta tese possa vir a se constituir em subsídio e contribuição para aqueles que se dedicam à prática psicanalítica e ao estudo da psicanálise, particularmente no que diz respeito às complexas e reveladoras manifestações do ódio, características da condição humana.

The biological energy concepts used by Freud to account for unconscious mental processes in psychoanalysis are discredited by modem biological findings. As a result, different psychoanalytic schools developed new foundational theories in order to verify unconscious mentation. The present study argues that these theories are unsuccessful for two main reasons. Firstly, replacing Freud's drive energy theory with other equally hypothetical foundational constructs does not solve the problem of finding proof for the existence of unconscious mentation. Secondly, the clinical psychoanalytic definition of unconscious mentation as imaginary, internally generated processes, autonomous from the external world is misguided. External sensory data may play a formative role in producing unconscious mentation. In particular, neurobiological findings on sensory data encoding and storage in human infants may throw light on the nature of unconscious processes. The present study therefore compares ideas derived from Lacanian psychoanalysis with neuropsychological memory and infant research findings to ascertain whether unconscious mentation is linked to the memory encoding of sensory data in infants. This analysis is in tum contrasted with a more contemporary psychoanalytic synthesis of findings on infant memory and unconscious mentation (Lichtenberg, 1989, Lichtenberg, Lachmann, and Fosshage, 1992). The latter theory identifies connections between unconscious mentation and the encoding of sensory memories in infancy, but does not connect the episodic and procedural memory constructs used in this account to specific neurolo·gical mechanisms in the brain. The present study's original contributions therefore involve firstly connecting the development of aversive episodic and procedural memories to neurological mechanisms in the brain during the period between birth and 28 months of age. Secondly, this memory model suggests that the storage of aversive memories in infancy has lasting unconscious motivational significance for subjects. Presymbolic memories may unconsciously manipulate conscious attention and memory retrieval in verbal subjects, inviting comparison with the psychoanalytic concept of dynamic unconscious mentation. Thirdly, the presymbolic memory model contributes towards a novel understanding of false memories of childhood sex abuse, and the dissociation of real traumatic memories that occur in many cases of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. / Psychology / D.Litt. et Phil. (Psychology)