Esta dissertação trata da temática da tradução juramentada, que tem sido cada vez mais objeto de pesquisa nos Estudos da Tradução, por conta de sua presença significativa, seja no âmbito acadêmico ou empresarial. A tradução juramentada, que difere das demais formas de tradução especialmente pela força imposta pela fé pública, que incide na postura e olhar adotados pelos Tradutores Públicos e Intérpretes Comerciais brasileiros, nos conduziu à hipótese de que a visibilidade do tradutor torna-se acentuada em virtude da delegação desse poder, que tem por finalidade principal a segurança jurídica das relações negociais na sociedade. A partir de um histórico escolar brasileiro do Ensino Médio, traduzido por doze tradutores públicos paulistanos para o inglês do Canadá, este trabalho tem por objetivo, com o auxílio das modalidades de tradução de Aubert (2006), mapear as estratégias de tradução e os perfis desses diferentes profissionais, oriundos de duas gerações distintas, aprovados nos dois últimos concursos realizados pela Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (1978 e 1998), considerando a sua visibilidade pela fé pública. A tipologia textual documento escolar e o gênero histórico escolar foram selecionados tendo em vista sua grande frequência em tradução juramentada, motivada pelo crescente intercâmbio acadêmico-cultural entre Brasil, Canadá, Estados Unidos e demais países de língua inglesa. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve reflexão acerca dos modelos de Berman (1985), Rei (1971, 1976) e Baker (1996) e suas respectivas aplicações no tocante à tradução juramentada e, particularmente, ao estudo do objeto de pesquisa em pauta. Em seguida, descrevemos os procedimentos técnicos de tradução de Vinay e Darbelnet (1958), que serviram como base para a concepção do modelo das modalidades de tradução de Aubert (1984, 1998, 2006). Complementarmente, retratamos a evolução do modelo das modalidades de tradução, com destaque para as mudanças ocorridas e possíveis contribuições. Para tanto, adotamos no presente estudo uma metodologia com base em duas etapas. Primeiramente, realizamos o levantamento dos dados em relação às dispersões das soluções tradutórias e, em seguida, classificamos os dados em unidades lexicais para aplicação do modelo das modalidades de tradução. Por fim, descrevemos o perfil de cada tradutor e os resultados gerais por grupo, bem como o comparativo das duas gerações, com o auxílio de gráficos. A hipótese da visibilidade acentuada mostrou-se válida e necessária como garantia jurídica da boa aplicação da fé pública no cumprimento do ofício do tradutor público e intérprete comercial. / This dissertation addresses the topic of sworn translation, which has been increasingly researched in the field of Translation Studies by virtue of its relevant presence, whether in the academic or corporate areas. Sworn translation, which differs from other kinds of translations particularly for the power vested by the full faith and credit, having an effect on the attitude and view adopted by Brazilian Sworn Translators and Commercial Interpreters, led us to the hypothesis that the translators visibility is emphasized by the vesting of such power, the main purpose of which is to ensure legal certainty in business relations in society. From a Brazilian secondary school transcript translated by twelve sworn translators of the State of São Paulo into Canadian English, this work aims, with the support of Auberts translation modalities (2006), to map the translation strategies and profiles of such various professionals, from two different generations, who passed the last two public examinations held by the Board of Trade of the State of São Paulo (in 1978 and 1998), taking into account their visibility by the full faith and credit. The text typology school document and the gender school transcript were chosen because of their great frequency in sworn translation, motivated by the increasing academic and cultural exchange between Brazil and Canada, the United States, and other English-speaking countries. Therefore, we briefly reflected on Berman (1985), Rei (1971, 1976) and Bakers (1996) models and their application to sworn translation and particularly to the study of the subject matter hereof. Then, we described Vinay and Darbelnets (1958) translation procedures, which were the basis for the conception of Auberts (1984, 1998, 2006) translation modalities model. In addition, we outlined the evolution of the translation modalities model, with an emphasis on changes made and possible contributions. Thus, we adopted a two-stage methodology in this study. First, we compiled the data for the dispersion of the translation solutions, and then, classified the data into lexical units to apply the translation modalities model. Finally, we described the profile of each translator and the general results by group, as well as a comparison between the two generations, presented in graphical form. The hypothesis of high visibility was proven to be valid and necessary as a legal guarantee of the proper application of full faith and credit in fulfilling the office of sworn translator and commercial interpreter.

Esta dissertação trata da temática da tradução juramentada, que tem sido cada vez mais objeto de pesquisa nos Estudos da Tradução, por conta de sua presença significativa, seja no âmbito acadêmico ou empresarial. A tradução juramentada, que difere das demais formas de tradução especialmente pela força imposta pela fé pública, que incide na postura e olhar adotados pelos Tradutores Públicos e Intérpretes Comerciais brasileiros, nos conduziu à hipótese de que a visibilidade do tradutor torna-se acentuada em virtude da delegação desse poder, que tem por finalidade principal a segurança jurídica das relações negociais na sociedade. A partir de um histórico escolar brasileiro do Ensino Médio, traduzido por doze tradutores públicos paulistanos para o inglês do Canadá, este trabalho tem por objetivo, com o auxílio das modalidades de tradução de Aubert (2006), mapear as estratégias de tradução e os perfis desses diferentes profissionais, oriundos de duas gerações distintas, aprovados nos dois últimos concursos realizados pela Junta Comercial do Estado de São Paulo (1978 e 1998), considerando a sua visibilidade pela fé pública. A tipologia textual documento escolar e o gênero histórico escolar foram selecionados tendo em vista sua grande frequência em tradução juramentada, motivada pelo crescente intercâmbio acadêmico-cultural entre Brasil, Canadá, Estados Unidos e demais países de língua inglesa. Para tanto, realizamos uma breve reflexão acerca dos modelos de Berman (1985), Rei (1971, 1976) e Baker (1996) e suas respectivas aplicações no tocante à tradução juramentada e, particularmente, ao estudo do objeto de pesquisa em pauta. Em seguida, descrevemos os procedimentos técnicos de tradução de Vinay e Darbelnet (1958), que serviram como base para a concepção do modelo das modalidades de tradução de Aubert (1984, 1998, 2006). Complementarmente, retratamos a evolução do modelo das modalidades de tradução, com destaque para as mudanças ocorridas e possíveis contribuições. Para tanto, adotamos no presente estudo uma metodologia com base em duas etapas. Primeiramente, realizamos o levantamento dos dados em relação às dispersões das soluções tradutórias e, em seguida, classificamos os dados em unidades lexicais para aplicação do modelo das modalidades de tradução. Por fim, descrevemos o perfil de cada tradutor e os resultados gerais por grupo, bem como o comparativo das duas gerações, com o auxílio de gráficos. A hipótese da visibilidade acentuada mostrou-se válida e necessária como garantia jurídica da boa aplicação da fé pública no cumprimento do ofício do tradutor público e intérprete comercial. / This dissertation addresses the topic of sworn translation, which has been increasingly researched in the field of Translation Studies by virtue of its relevant presence, whether in the academic or corporate areas. Sworn translation, which differs from other kinds of translations particularly for the power vested by the full faith and credit, having an effect on the attitude and view adopted by Brazilian Sworn Translators and Commercial Interpreters, led us to the hypothesis that the translators visibility is emphasized by the vesting of such power, the main purpose of which is to ensure legal certainty in business relations in society. From a Brazilian secondary school transcript translated by twelve sworn translators of the State of São Paulo into Canadian English, this work aims, with the support of Auberts translation modalities (2006), to map the translation strategies and profiles of such various professionals, from two different generations, who passed the last two public examinations held by the Board of Trade of the State of São Paulo (in 1978 and 1998), taking into account their visibility by the full faith and credit. The text typology school document and the gender school transcript were chosen because of their great frequency in sworn translation, motivated by the increasing academic and cultural exchange between Brazil and Canada, the United States, and other English-speaking countries. Therefore, we briefly reflected on Berman (1985), Rei (1971, 1976) and Bakers (1996) models and their application to sworn translation and particularly to the study of the subject matter hereof. Then, we described Vinay and Darbelnets (1958) translation procedures, which were the basis for the conception of Auberts (1984, 1998, 2006) translation modalities model. In addition, we outlined the evolution of the translation modalities model, with an emphasis on changes made and possible contributions. Thus, we adopted a two-stage methodology in this study. First, we compiled the data for the dispersion of the translation solutions, and then, classified the data into lexical units to apply the translation modalities model. Finally, we described the profile of each translator and the general results by group, as well as a comparison between the two generations, presented in graphical form. The hypothesis of high visibility was proven to be valid and necessary as a legal guarantee of the proper application of full faith and credit in fulfilling the office of sworn translator and commercial interpreter.

Within the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments the recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders is unique. By reason of the fact that custody orders are always modifiable "in the best interests of the child" they cannot be regarded as final orders and are thus not capable of recognition and enforcement on the same basis as final orders. The failure of courts to afford foreign custody orders recognition and enforcement in the normal course has created the potential for a person deprived of the custody of a child to remove the child from the jurisdiction of a court rendering a custody order to another jurisdiction within which he or she may seek a new, more favourable order. This potential for behaviour in contempt of an existing order has been exploited by numerous parents who feel aggrieved by custody orders. The problem of parental child snatching has escalated to such a degree that the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction was drawn up to introduce uniform measures amongst member states to address this problem. Despite being a meaningful step in the fight against international child abduction the Hague Convention does not fully resolve the problem. For this reason other measures have been suggested to supplement the Convention. The different approaches taken in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America to recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders and the measures to overcome the problem of international child abduction are examined and a comparative methodology applied to the design of a model approach for South Africa. The object of this model is to permit the South African courts to address the international child abduction problem without falling prey to any of the pitfalls experienced elsewhere in the legal systems examined. / Law / LL.D.

This project considers the ways in which Wiccan marriage and American marriage law interact with each other. The thesis examines certain aspects of the history of 20th-century American marriage law, the concurrent development of contemporary marriage ritual in Wicca, developing problems in this area, and possible solutions. In particular, the project focuses on the recognition of religious groups and their officials as they are authorized by state and federal law to perform marriages and how this process has affected Wiccan ritual.

Within the context of recognition and enforcement of foreign judgments the recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders is unique. By reason of the fact that custody orders are always modifiable "in the best interests of the child" they cannot be regarded as final orders and are thus not capable of recognition and enforcement on the same basis as final orders. The failure of courts to afford foreign custody orders recognition and enforcement in the normal course has created the potential for a person deprived of the custody of a child to remove the child from the jurisdiction of a court rendering a custody order to another jurisdiction within which he or she may seek a new, more favourable order. This potential for behaviour in contempt of an existing order has been exploited by numerous parents who feel aggrieved by custody orders. The problem of parental child snatching has escalated to such a degree that the Hague Convention on the Civil Aspects of International Child Abduction was drawn up to introduce uniform measures amongst member states to address this problem. Despite being a meaningful step in the fight against international child abduction the Hague Convention does not fully resolve the problem. For this reason other measures have been suggested to supplement the Convention. The different approaches taken in South Africa, the United Kingdom, Australia and the United States of America to recognition and enforcement of foreign custody orders and the measures to overcome the problem of international child abduction are examined and a comparative methodology applied to the design of a model approach for South Africa. The object of this model is to permit the South African courts to address the international child abduction problem without falling prey to any of the pitfalls experienced elsewhere in the legal systems examined. / Law / LL.D.