The thesis "Ecumenism in the work of Josef Kubalík" provides an overview of several works of professor Josef Kubalík. His works influenced generations of students of Catholic theology. Author was a professor of Fundamental Theology at Cyrilometodějská bohoslovecká faculty in Litoměřice in the second half of the 20th century. He wrote a lot of books, university textbooks and ariticles in specialized press. Theologia Fundamentalis has been his most known work. Which is partly still under the influence of manualistic, apologetic-polemical theology. In his later reissues are added council documents Dei Verbum and Lumen Gentium. He translated documents of Second Vatican Ecumenical Council for professional public. We compare his work to these documents and to Ut Unum Sint. At the end it is said, that professor Kubalík grew in the openness and friendliness towards non - Catholics. But he was unable to change given schemes of his thinking.

Title: The Transcendental Experience of Karl Rahner as a Starting Point of the Reflexion of Credibility of Christianity Abstract: In a broader scope, this master's thesis concerns with the question, how (or even whether) it is possible to show the credibility of the Christian faith in today's society, especially to those who are not believers. Specifically it is focused on the way, how Karl Rahner tried to solve this question. The starting point of his solution is the so called "transcendental experience" that is common to all people; furthermore, it is so basic that it would not be possible any thinking or action without it. Although it is so basic, it is also hidden for human, which constitutes the main problem with its clarification. In this thesis, I am focussing first on the solution of this matter in Hörer des Wortes and then in his late works: Gotteserfahrung heute, Gotteserfahrung und Selbsterfahrung a Grundkurs des Glaubens.

[pt] A pergunta acerca das imagens de Deus questiona vários pressupostos da fé e da tradição. A compreensão de Revelação talvez seja a primeira e mais importante. Daí decorre um itinerário que esse trabalho quer abordar apontando algumas consequências para a fé e a vivência dessa fé. Não é mais possível alimentar um discurso fantasioso como justificação ou legitimação de um agir egoísta. Não se nos atermos à transformação necessária na imagem de Deus, que não castiga, interfere ou escolhe apenas alguns. A superação dos limites de um deus externo e interventor gera uma postura nova naquele que crê. Essa pesquisa segue esse caminho, de libertação dos conceitos acerca de Deus apontando como consequências o diálogo, com Deus e com o outro, a autonomia e liberdade do ser humano e a responsabilidade que disso advém em relação ao mundo e à realidade criada. Para tanto este trabalho confronta diversos autores sobre os assuntos tratados, concedendo, contudo à reflexão de Andrés Torres Queiruga um espaço maior. / [en] The question about the images of God challenges several pillars of faith and tradition. Perhaps the undestanding of Revelation is the first and most important one. Considering that, an itinerary arises, and this work intends to follow it, pointing few consequences for the faith and for the experience of this faith. There is no possibility anymore to strenghten a fantastic speech as justification or legitimization for a selfish acting. Not if we focus on the necessary transformation of the God s image, that doesn t punish, doesn t interfere, doesn t select only a few ones. Overcoming the limits of an external and intervenor god generates a new attitude from that one who has faith. This research, follows this path for to release the concepts about God, by pointing as consequences the dialogue with God and with each other, the human autonomy, freedom and the responsabily that comes from that, about the worl and all reality created by God. For that purpose, this dissertation compares and analyses different authors about the subjects matters, granting a large space to reflection of Andrés Torres Queiruga.

Ecclesiology of Antonín Salajka (1901-1975) The following work presents an ecclesiological analysis of the publication by prof. Antonín Salajka (1901-1975). In the first part, it submits the biography of the author. This author was the first czech catholic priest laureated in Pontifical Institute of Oriental Studies in Rome (in 1930). In the second part, it closely inteprets the very ecclesiology of the author itself. Salajka - theologist is introduced from several perspectives as well. First we supplied a suggestion for periodization of his scientific work. There we proposed two periods in congruence with a paradigm change of ecclesiastic-social circumstances, including changes of theological studies, which evidently affected our author's life and scientific work. The two proposed periods are: (1) 1930-1950, i.e. scientifically paramount and fundamental; (2) 1950-1975. Further, we introduced areas which fell under Salajka's interest: unionism, eastern christian churches and the problem of christian unification, eastern dogmatic theology, Church Slavonic, the study of christian East, dogmatic theology, so called theologia comparata, but also ecumenism, theological realisation, method in theology, fundamental theology, moral theology, last but not least pedagogical activity. The main subject in his...

Au début de son Traité fondamental de la foi, Karl Rahner avise le lecteur que l’introduction au concept de christianisme qu’il propose se déploie à ce qu’il nomme un « premier niveau de réflexion » (erste Reflexionsstufe). S’il le distingue explicitement du niveau de réflexion des sciences entendues au sens usuel, il n’en donne pas de définition formelle, s’employant plutôt à le mettre en œuvre. Curieusement, eu égard à l’importance que lui accorde Rahner, la question de ce « plan » alternatif de compréhension et de justification de la foi chrétienne est demeurée pratiquement sans écho (un constat formulé par Max Seckler en 1984 et renouvelé par Karl H. Neufeld en 2006). C'est à cette question du « premier niveau de réflexion » chez Rahner que s'attache la présente étude. Après avoir dressé un état de la question, nous y présentons les jalons du déve-loppement du concept chez Rahner, depuis ses articles sur la formation des prêtres en contexte de pluralisme jusqu’au Traité fondamental de la foi. Nous y montrons ensuite en quoi la référence de Rahner à l'illative sense newmanien, contestée lorsqu’elle n’est pas négligée par les commentateurs, peut être une clé d’interprétation de la notion qui nous occupe, le « sens illatif » (et la Grammar of Assent) éclairant le « premier niveau de réflexion » (et le Traité fondamental), et vice versa. Nous y voyons enfin comment cette référence à Newman met sur la voie des Exercices spirituels d’Ignace de Loyola, lequel aura été pour Rahner non seulement un maître spirituel, mais également un maître de théologie. Ce qui paraissait n’être au début qu’une indication d’ordre didactique se révèle dès lors comme une caractérisation fondamentale de la théologie telle que la com-prend Rahner. / At the start of his Foundations of Christian Faith, Karl Rahner informs the reader that his proposed introduction to the idea of Christianity unfolds on a “first level of reflection” (erste Reflexionsstufe), as he labels it. Although he very clearly differentiates this level from that of the sciences in their usual sense, he does not provide a formal definition of the former, opting rather to implement it in his own work. Considering the importance this alternative “plan” for the understanding and the justification of the Christian faith had for Rahner, it is strangely interesting to note that practically no echo of this matter is found in subsequent literature (as stated by Max Seckler in 1984, and again, Karl H. Neufeld in 2006). The present study is devoted, precisely, to this question of the “first level of reflection”. Following our literature review, we will present the key moments in the development of Rahner’s concept, from his articles on the formation of priests in a pluralistic context to his Foundations of Christian Faith. Next, we will demonstrate how Rahner's reference to Newman's illative sense, though challenged (when not neglected) by commentators, could be a means of interpreting the notion this thesis is concerned with, insofar as the illative sense (and the Grammar of Assent) may shed light on the “first level of reflection” (and Foundations), and visa-versa. Ultimately, we will see how this reference to Newman paves the way to the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola, who was to be, for Rahner, not only a spiritual master, but also a theo-logical master. Therefore, what appeared to be a simple didactical opening statement reveals itself to be, from then on, a fundamental characterization of theology as understood by Rahner.

[pt] Esta tese se propõe refletir sobre a teologia da revelação em face à cultura contemporânea. Para tanto fazemos uma discussão sobre a pós-modernidade e sua proposta de ampliação da racionalidade, no sentido de acolher a ascensão da experiência como forma de percepção da realidade. Lançamos mão de algumas categorias de Gianni Vattimo e Andrés Torres Queiruga como aporte teórico capaz de nos possibilitar uma aproximação à teologia da revelação. Finalmente, estabeleceremos um diálogo entre estes autores e as discussões recentes sobre os lugares hermenêutico-literários de sentido, para então podermos apontar o desafio do que a cultura pós-moderna põe diante da teologia, a saber, a cooperação no discernimento da fé. Esse Último passo conduzirá a um deslocamento teórico-prático onde a teologia pode ser conduzida da condição de tuteladora doutrinária, a outra condição, de fonte de discernimento para as múltiplas vivências da fé cristã. / [en] The purpose of the present thesis is the reflection on the challenges that Contemporary culture brings to Theology of Revelation. To do so, we open the discussion with post-modernity and its purpose to enlarge rationality, in the sense of introducing experience as a valuable way of perceiving reality. We use Gianni Vattimo s and Andres Torres Queiruga s cathegories as Theoretic approaches in order to introduce the dialogue with Theology of Revelation. Then, we establish a dialogue between these authors and the recent discussions on hermeneutic-literary places of meaning, in order to point out the challenge with which post modern culture faces Theology, i/e, the cooperation in the discernment of faith. This last step will take us to a practical-theoretical dislocation where Theology may change its condition of doctrinal tuthorship to another condition of discernment as a source of multiples experiences of christian faith.

Au début de son Traité fondamental de la foi, Karl Rahner avise le lecteur que l’introduction au concept de christianisme qu’il propose se déploie à ce qu’il nomme un « premier niveau de réflexion » (erste Reflexionsstufe). S’il le distingue explicitement du niveau de réflexion des sciences entendues au sens usuel, il n’en donne pas de définition formelle, s’employant plutôt à le mettre en œuvre. Curieusement, eu égard à l’importance que lui accorde Rahner, la question de ce « plan » alternatif de compréhension et de justification de la foi chrétienne est demeurée pratiquement sans écho (un constat formulé par Max Seckler en 1984 et renouvelé par Karl H. Neufeld en 2006). C'est à cette question du « premier niveau de réflexion » chez Rahner que s'attache la présente étude. Après avoir dressé un état de la question, nous y présentons les jalons du déve-loppement du concept chez Rahner, depuis ses articles sur la formation des prêtres en contexte de pluralisme jusqu’au Traité fondamental de la foi. Nous y montrons ensuite en quoi la référence de Rahner à l'illative sense newmanien, contestée lorsqu’elle n’est pas négligée par les commentateurs, peut être une clé d’interprétation de la notion qui nous occupe, le « sens illatif » (et la Grammar of Assent) éclairant le « premier niveau de réflexion » (et le Traité fondamental), et vice versa. Nous y voyons enfin comment cette référence à Newman met sur la voie des Exercices spirituels d’Ignace de Loyola, lequel aura été pour Rahner non seulement un maître spirituel, mais également un maître de théologie. Ce qui paraissait n’être au début qu’une indication d’ordre didactique se révèle dès lors comme une caractérisation fondamentale de la théologie telle que la com-prend Rahner. / At the start of his Foundations of Christian Faith, Karl Rahner informs the reader that his proposed introduction to the idea of Christianity unfolds on a “first level of reflection” (erste Reflexionsstufe), as he labels it. Although he very clearly differentiates this level from that of the sciences in their usual sense, he does not provide a formal definition of the former, opting rather to implement it in his own work. Considering the importance this alternative “plan” for the understanding and the justification of the Christian faith had for Rahner, it is strangely interesting to note that practically no echo of this matter is found in subsequent literature (as stated by Max Seckler in 1984, and again, Karl H. Neufeld in 2006). The present study is devoted, precisely, to this question of the “first level of reflection”. Following our literature review, we will present the key moments in the development of Rahner’s concept, from his articles on the formation of priests in a pluralistic context to his Foundations of Christian Faith. Next, we will demonstrate how Rahner's reference to Newman's illative sense, though challenged (when not neglected) by commentators, could be a means of interpreting the notion this thesis is concerned with, insofar as the illative sense (and the Grammar of Assent) may shed light on the “first level of reflection” (and Foundations), and visa-versa. Ultimately, we will see how this reference to Newman paves the way to the Spiritual Exercises of St. Ignatius of Loyola, who was to be, for Rahner, not only a spiritual master, but also a theo-logical master. Therefore, what appeared to be a simple didactical opening statement reveals itself to be, from then on, a fundamental characterization of theology as understood by Rahner.

[pt] O tema do testemunho cristão é o foco principal deste trabalho. Segundo Salvador Pié-Ninot, na sua Teologia Fundamental, o testemunho se apresenta como a nova via empírica, isto é, o novo caminho que, através da vida cotidiana da Igreja com suas experiências diversas, por vezes até paradoxais, se apresenta como motivo coerente e plausível para se crer. Afinal, o testemunho é como que uma condição primeira necessária à credibilidade da fé. Isso é importante na tarefa apologético-dialogal da Teologia Fundamental. Dentro desta, na parte da Eclesiologia Fundamental, o testemunho é tido como elemento-chave de credibilidade na Igreja e passa a ser conhecido como via testimonii, por ser o caminho mais enfático, notório e coerente para a evangelização. A perspectiva do testemunho que, segundo Pié-Ninot é sempre teológico, dá-se no testemunho eclesial como mistério envolto em paradoxo. O testemunho cristão conduz à tarefa apologética, facilitando o diálogo na Igreja, quer pessoal (pela oração a Deus e Liturgia), quer com os irmãos (diálogo ecumênico e inter-religioso); e na diaconia do serviço de amor ao próximo. / [en] The theme of Christian testimony is the main focus of this work. According to Salvador Pié-Ninot on his Fundamental Theology, testimony is presented as the new empirical way. It means a new way in which the daily life of the Church with its various experiences, sometimes even paradoxical ones, presents itself as a coherent and plausible reason to believe. After all, testimony is a first condition required to the credibility of the faith. It is important in the apologetic-dialogical task of Fundamental Theology. Within this, in the part of Fundamental Ecclesiology, testimony is considered as a key element of Church s credibility. It is known as via testimonii, because it is the most emphatic, notorious and coherent way for evangelization. In the perspective of testimony, according to Pié-Ninot, testimony is always theological; it is an ecclesial testimony like a mystery wrapped in paradox. Thus, Christian s testimony drives us to an apologetic task, making Church s dialogue easy. It can be personal dialogue (through prayer to God and in the Liturgy) or with the brothers (in an Ecumenical Dialogue or an Interreligious one). It can also be in a perspective of diakonia in the service of love to our brothers.

[pt] A pesquisa apresenta os principais temas do pensamento teológico-político de Johann Baptist Metz que servem de matriz para repensar a responsabilidade e a práxis da teologia fundamental. Tal pensamento não apenas aborda a questão do sofrimento humano, mas busca fundamentar o compromisso da Teologia Política, da Igreja e do Cristianismo, como um elemento fundante do projeto salvífico de Deus na pessoa de Jesus Cristo. A estrutura da dissertação é composta por três partes. Iniciando com a breve biografia do autor, discute-se o termo Nova Teologia Política que passa por uma mudança hermenêutica resgatando-a como eficaz instrumento teológico. O segundo bloco se dedica a aplicabilidade da Teologia Fundamental, partindo das questões que envolvem o tema da teodiceia no contexto pós iluminista. A última parte ocupa-se da Memoria Passionis; a solidariedade com o sofrimento alheio não pode permitir que as dores sejam esquecidas, bem como a morte daqueles que sofrem não deve ficar sem sentido. A dissertação procura apresentar o pensamento de Johann Baptist Metz destacando três importantes grupos temáticos que por certo não pretendem ser exaustivos, mas indicativos. O pensamento do autor tem um papel importante no percurso do cristianismo. Sua Teologia Política é grandemente relevante e atual para se pensar teologicamente as questões injustas da sociedade, tais como a desigualdade e a crescente migração dos povos. Espera-se que o presente trabalho possa suscitar o interesse de aprofundamento no pensamento deste profícuo autor, que em muito tem para colaborar para a teologia da América Latina e do mundo. / [en] The research presents the main themes of the theological-political thought of Johann Baptist Metz that serves as a matrix for rethinking the responsibility and praxis of fundamental theology. Such thinking not only addresses the issue of human suffering, but seeks to ground the commitment of Political Theology, the Church and Christianity as a foundational element of God s salvific project in the person of Jesus Christ. The structure of the dissertation is composed of three parts. Starting with a short biography of the author, discusses the term New Political Theology which undergoes a hermeneutics change rescuing it as an effective theological instrument. The second block deals with the applicability of Fundamental Theology, starting from the questions that surround the theme of theodicy in the post-Enlightenment context. The last part deals with the Memoria Passionis; the solidarity with the suffering of others cannot allow the pain to be forgotten, as well as the death of those who suffer should not be meaningless. The thesis sought to present the thought of Johann Baptist Metz highlighting three major thematic groups which certainly are not exhaustive, but indicative. The author s thinking plays an important role in the course of Christianity. His Political Theology is highly relevant and current to think theologically the unfair questions of society, such as inequality and the growing migration of people. It is hoped that the present work may arouse the interest of deepening in the thinking of this prolific author, who has much to contribute to the theology of Latin America and the world.

[pt] Esta pesquisa procura apresentar os elementos básicos da qual se compõe uma Teologia Fundamental latino-americana. Tal teologia tenciona explicitar os desafios específicos da Revelação de Deus em seu contexto, marcado pela opressão e exclusão, mas também por uma teologia que busca a libertação. No presente trabalho serão investigados a Teologia Fundamental, enquanto disciplina teológica que procura justificar a automanifestação de Deus na história; o conceito de Revelação, como conteúdo daquela teologia, compreendido a partir dos desafios da Modernidade e das intuições do Concílio Vaticano II; e a Teologia da Libertação latino-americana, enquanto perspectiva que compreende a revelação a partir do excluídos. Através de uma inter-relação entre as questões abordadas, a pesquisa buscará apontar as principais características de uma Teologia Fundamental em perspectiva latino-americana: primeiro, em relação ao papel dos pobres, seja enquanto lugar social, lugar hermenêutico ou lugar teológico; segundo, em relação às particularidades de uma Teologia Fundamental latino-americana, na qual destaca-se o reconhecimento de que Deus se manifesta também na história presente, a centralidade da opção preferencial pelos pobres, a necessidade do método ver, julgar e agir, a singularidade da identidade eclesial libertadora, bem como a relevância de um fazer teológico dialogal, crítico, plural e transdisciplinar, e a constituição de um modelo de Teologia Fundamental latino-americano centrado na libertação. Uma Teologia Fundamental latino-americana é, portanto, uma reflexão sobre a historicização do Reinado de Deus nos excluídos, e tal revelação só pode ser percebida e descrita com eles, a partir deles e neles, tendo em vista sua libertação. / [en] This research aims to present elements that make up a Latin American Fundamental Theology. Such theology intends to explain the challenges of the Revelation of God in its context, marked not only by oppression and exclusion but also by a theology that pursues liberation. Fundamental Theology is investigated further as a discipline that seeks to justify the self-manifestation of God in history; the concept of Revelation, conceived from the challenges of Modernity and the intuitions of the Second Vatican Council; and Latin American Liberation Theology, as a perspective that understands Revelation from the point of view of the excluded. Through an interrelationship among the issues addressed, the research will seek to point out the main characteristics of a Fundamental Theology from a Latin American perspective: first, concerning the role of the poor, whether as a social place, hermeneutic place, or theological place; second, regarding the particularities of a Latin American Fundamental Theology, in which the recognition that God is present in history, the centrality of the preferential option for the poor, the need for the See, Judge, and Act Methodology, the uniqueness of the liberating ecclesial identity, along with the relevance of dialogical, critical, plural and transdisciplinary theological practice, and the constitution of a Latin American model of Fundamental Theology focused on liberation. A Latin American Fundamental Theology is, therefore, a reflection on the historicization of the Reign of God through excluded that can be recognized and described with them, from them, and in them, aiming for their liberation.