Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Missouri--Columbia, 2001. / Typescript. Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 95-113). Also available on the Internet.

Introduction. Theme of modern biotechnologies is an especially topical question, because there is no simple answer about possible harm to nature and human health done by Genetically Modified Organisms (hereinafter referred to as GMO) until now. On the other side, biotechnology industry is a future industry, which provides great possibilities to improve the welfare of whole nations. Survey of Lithuanian public opinion shows that society thinks of GMO not very favorably and inhabitants treat those new products not well enough; with a great care and do not trust in their safety. Public institutions do not pay much attention for public information campaigns. Paper objective. Research and estimation of society knowledge and information distribution concerning GMO and GMP and their possible impact on human health. Tasks. 1. To examine public knowledge related to GMO and GMP. 2. To explore public knowledge related to a possible risk of GMP for a human health. 3. To evaluate effectiveness of public information distribution structures while familiarizing the society with GMO and GMP and their influence on human health. 4. To suggest measures and ways for improvement of the distribution of public information concerning GMO and GMP. Research methods. Paper objective was to explore public knowledge on GMO, GMP and its impact on human health. Research has been carried out using methods of data analysis, comparison, generalization and questionnaire interview. The statistical data... [to full text]

Neatsiejama genetiškai modifikuotų organizmų (GMO) bei iš jų pagamintų produktų (GMP) teisinio reguliavimo dalis yra mokslas bei politika. –iame darbe analizuojamas GMO (GMP) teisinio reguliavimo raida ES ir Lietuvos Respublikoje. Nagrinėjamos tokios GMO ir GMP teisinio reguliavimo problemos, kaip etikos nuostatų suderinimas su žmogaus genų naudojimu kuriant maistui skirtus produktus; ES institucijų ir valstybių narių pozicijų išsikyrimas siekiant uždrausti apgalvotą GMO išleidimą į aplinką; visuomenės dalyvavimo priimant sprendimus dėl GMO (GMP) problematika ES ir Lietuvos Respublikoje – visuomenės „motyvuotos nuomonės“ instituto neefektyvumas. Taip pat analizuojamos ES teisės nuostatų dėl sankcijų nustatymo už GMO (GMP) reguliuojančių teisės aktų pažeidimus įgyvendinimo Lietuvos Respublikoje problemos t.y. nacionalinėje teisėje nenustačius atsakomybės pagrindiniams su GMO (GMP) veikla susijusiems juridiniams asmenims, praktiškai išlieka jų nebaudžiamumas; tai pat pažymėtina, kad teisės aktų, reglamentuojančių GMO ir GMP naudojimą, reikalavimų pažeidimai yra pakankamai skirtingo pobūdžio, o ATPK jie išvardinti viename straipsnyje, kartu numatyta gana didelis skiriamos baudos mažiausias dydis, - visa tai praktikoje sąlygoja nuobaudų neskyrimą bei neužtikrina Direktyvoje 2001/18/EB įtvirtintos sankcijos veiksmingumo, proporcingumo ir atgrasumo. Darbe nagrinėjamos tarptautinių sutarčių - Biologinės įvairovės ir Orhuso konvencijų - nuostatos dėl GMO bei jų įtaka ES ir Lietuvos... [toliau žr. visą tekstą] / Science and politics are part and parcel of law regulation of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and products (GMP) made from them. This work analyses development of law regulation of GMO (GMP) in ES and Lithuanian Republic. Such problems as ethical attitude towards usage of human genes in food production, distinction of ES isntitutions and member states according to their position, in purpose to forbid deliberate release of GMO into environment, problems of society involvment in taking decisions about GMO (GMP) in ES and Lithuanian Republic, inefficiency of public institute of "motivated opinion" (public comments) are disscussed in this work. Such topics as realisation of ES rules for definition of sanctions for breaking laws of GMO (GMP) usage in Lithuania Republic and rules of international contracts, such as Cartagena protocol on biosafety to the convention on biological diversity and Orhus convention, and their influence upon law regulation in ES and Lithuanian Republic are also disscussed here.

Cyclic guanosine 3', 5'-monophosphate (cGMP) has recently emerged as an endogenous regulator for controlling or reversing cardiac hypertrophy. Increased protein accumulation is a key feature of cardiac hypertrophy; thus, our study investigates the effects of a cGMP analog on protein accumulation in primary culture of adult rat cardiomyocytes and dissects out the mechanisms involved. We confirmed that a cGMP analog, 8-bromo-cGMP, inhibits phenylephrine (PE)-increased accumulation of newly synthesized proteins in cultured adult rat ventricular cardiomyocytes. Firstly, we have obtained data showing that 8-bromo-cGMP does not inhibit phosphorylation of S6K1 by PE during short time treatment (10 min to 2 h), but blocks phosphorylation of S6K1 by PE at 6 h; moreover this blocking effect is completely abolished by phosphatase inhibitor Tautomycin. Then, we have demonstrated that PE and cGMP induce sustained and transient increased phosphorylation of ERK, respectively. Moreover, cGMP inhibits PE-induced phosphorylation of ERK during long term treatment (3 and 6h). We have also shown that 8-bromo-cGMP inhibits ROS generation induced by PE. Other effects of PE that could be related to hypertrophy (i.e. increased concentration of upstream binding factor mRNA and decreased concentration of the mRNAs of Atrogin and muscle specific RING finger) were not abolished by 8-bromo-cGMP. We conclude that cGMP analog blocks protein accumulation by inhibiting the sustained phosphorylation of S6K1 via the activation of phosphatases.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2007. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-118).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1997. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [114]-130).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 1999. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves [106]-128).

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2002. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 160-188).

München, Techn. Univ., Diss., 2002.

In Portuguese, safety means the condition of somebody or something that you can trust. So, food security is related to the consumer trust in receiving an enough amount of food for survival; while the safety of food means the consumer trust in food that does not damage health. Food safety patterns should be the same, no matter what the level of market development is, but this is not the Western and Eastern perception. So, there is a need to improve the quality systems in the Brazilian market in order to guarantee safety and food quality. This can be done by implementing tools and standards that ensure food safety. Therefore, the main purpose of this work is to propose an integration model of the tools of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), the Publicly Available Specification (PAS 220:2008), the Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point System (HACCP) and the NBR ISO 22000: 2006 standard Food Safety Management System (FSMS). In order to do that, we have included a literature review of the related topics as well as a description of the NBR ISO 22000. Afterwards, we have described the methodology used, the interpretation of the tools and standard requirements in an integrated way, so as some recommendation for their requirement implementation. Based on the results obtained in this study, we believe that the integration proposal and the recommendations for the tools implementation HACCP, PAS 220:2008 and Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP), associated with the NBR ISO 22000 standard, presented in this paper, may help food companies reach high quality levels and the innocuity of the food produced. / Segurança, na língua portuguesa, significa a condição daquele ou daquilo em que se pode confiar. Assim, a segurança alimentar está relacionada à confiança do consumidor em receber uma quantidade suficiente de alimentos para a sua sobrevivência; enquanto segurança do alimento significa a confiança do consumidor em receber um alimento que não cause dano à sua saúde. Os padrões de segurança de alimentos deveriam ser os mesmos, independentes do nível de desenvolvimento do mercado. Fica assim explícita a necessidade do mercado brasileiro de aprimorar os sistemas de qualidade, objetivando garantir a segurança e a qualidade dos alimentos. Isso pode ser realizado através da implantação de ferramentas e normas que visam a garantir a inocuidade dos alimentos. Este trabalho teve como objetivo principal propor um modelo de integração entre as ferramentas de Boas Práticas de Fabricação (BPF), o Publicly Available Specification (PAS 220:2008), o Sistema de Análise de Perigos e Pontos Críticos de Controle (APPCC) e a norma NBR ISO 22000:2006 - Sistema de Gestão de Segurança de Alimentos (SGSA). Para tal, fez-se necessário uma revisão bibliográfica dos temas relacionados e uma descrição sobre a norma NBR ISO 22000. Posteriormente, foi detalhada a metodologia utilizada e a interpretação dos requisitos das ferramentas e da norma de forma integrada, sendo também descritas algumas recomendações para a implantação dos requisitos das mesmas. A partir dos resultados obtidos no estudo, acredita-se que a proposta de integração e as recomendações para implantação das ferramentas APPCC, PAS 220:2008 e Boas Práticas de Fabricação, em conjunto com a norma NBR ISO 22000:2006, apresentada neste trabalho, podem auxiliar as empresas do setor de alimentos a atingirem níveis de qualidade mais elevados e a inocuidade dos alimentos fabricados.