<p>The purpose of the study was two fold: a) to develop and to test the Perceived Health & Exercise Participation Profile (PH&EPP); b) to examine the relationship between exercisers’ perceived health, goal orientation, physical self perception and exercise satisfaction. The sample consists of 126 exercisers (43 Male, 83 Female with mean age 35.6 ± 9). The study included a new questionnaire - the Perceived Health & Exercise Participation Profile (PH&EPP) and three other instruments: 1) Physical Self-Perception Profile (PSPP); 2)Task & Ego orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ); and 3) Rosenberg's Self-Esteem (RSE) Scale. The data were analyzed through SPSS 13.0 using Alpha coefficient, test-rest reliability, bivariate correlation and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Cronbach’s Alpha was satisfied </p><p>( .70) at 5 of 6 subscales. The test-retest reliability reached to significant level (ranging from .43 to .76) for all subscales. The majority of PH&EPP’s subscales reached to significant correlations except Health and Exercise as Life Values. The Satisfaction with Health and Exercise Participation reached to significant correlations with all PSPP’s subscales, Task goal orientation, and RSE except Ego goal orientation. The Perception of Exercisers obtained significant correlations at 3 of 5 PSPP’s subscales. Exercisers indicated more task goal orientation than ego goal orientation. The results are discussed from the point of view of the Perceived Health and Sport/Exercise Participation model.</p>

<p>Both positive and negative effects of exercise participation on health are shown in the literature. However, exercisers’ perceived health is still unexplored from this two-line influence perspective. The Perceived Health and Sport/Exercise Participation model (PHS/EP) served as theoretical framework for the study that aimed at testing the Perceived Health and Exercise Participation Profile (PHEPP) Questionnaire and examining factors involved in exercisers’ tendencies towards healthy versus unhealthy exercise participation and their association with perceived health, exercise satisfaction, goal orientation, self-esteem and physical self-perception. A package of four instruments was completed by 148 exercisers. The healthy tendency of exercise participation represented in the PHS/EP model was supported by the results obtained, whereas the unhealthy tendency needs further investigation and some related changes in the PHEPP questionnaire. Regression analyses confirmed some relationships between the PHS/EP model and established concepts such as goal orientation, self-esteem and physical self-perception dimensions. The results are discussed with reference to previous research and the PHS/EP model.</p>

<p> </p><p>Det huvudsakliga syftet med mitt examensarbete var att undersöka hur elever i årskurs 7 resonerar kring sitt deltagande på idrottslektionerna, deras motiv huruvida de väljer att avstå eller delta i undervisningen. Min undersökning bygger på kvalitativa intervjuer, där eleverna intervjuats i frågor rörande förväntningar, olika slags motivation, kommunikation och relationer. Jag har studerat och jämfört likheter och skillnader mellan elevernas motiv. Studien visar på få skillnader i motiven men desto fler likheter. Resultatet pekar på att aktiviteterna, deras nivå och kommunikationen mellan lärare- elev och elev- elev är en väsentlig grund för elevernas deltagande. Vidare visar det sig att eleverna är hälsomedvetna och att denna medvetenhet bidrar till rörelse på lektionerna. De faktorer eleverna beskrev som anledningar att sitta vid sidan om var bland annat sjukdom och skador. Eleverna visar dock ett allmänt genuint intresse för att vara fysiskt aktiva då de sysselsätter sig med andra fysiska aktiviteter, även om de inte deltar i den obligatoriska idrottsundervisningen.</p><p> </p> / <p> </p><p>The main purpose with this study was to investigate the motivational behavior of pupils in an elementary school, with respect to whether they participate in the PE class or not. The study is based on interviews, where I have asked the pupils questions concerning expectations, external and internal motivation, communication and relationships. Afterwards I made comparisons on likeliness and differences in their answers, where patterns were discovered. The study shows a small amount of differences and a larger set of likeliness on their purposes to attend or not attend PE. The result indicates that the activities, their level and the teacher-pupil and pupil- pupil communication are the most important reasons to participate. Moreover it is shown that pupils that are aware of their health and this awareness promotes movement. Illness and injuries were described as the main factors to step aside and not participate. The pupils show a genuine interest about physical activities in general, as they keep themselves occupied with other physical activities, even though they’re not participating in the compulsory PE class.</p>

<p>The purpose of this paper was, on the basis of the association’s annual reports, to describe appropriate key performance indicators for non-profit associations. The purpose was furthermore to study how the associations show their goal-attainment.</p><p> </p><p>The research was delimited to contain the second category of non profit associations, which include sports associations. The authors choose three non profit associations, which according to the law, shall draw up annual reports. The three ice hockey associations HV71, MODO Hockey and Frölunda Hockey Club, were thereafter chosen on the basis of those delimits. The research was furthermore delimited to include the parent associations only.  </p><p> </p><p>The authors obtained the basis of the paper through studies of literature and annual reports and via an interview. The authors described different key performance indicators based on these studies and analytical assumptions.</p><p> </p><p>In the study it appeared that all of the three studied associations largely present their goal-attainment in the statement of activity, which is a part of the annual report. The financial key performance indicators that appeared were “the equity ratio” and “the gross profit margin”, which are considered to be appropriate for these three sport associations. It also appeared that the described appropriate non financial key performance indicators could be used as statistical measures to show the three studied association’s goal-attainments and with that consolidate the credibility in their annual reports.   </p>

Thesis (M.Com. (Management Accounting))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2007.

Studies in the areas of goal pursuit and well-being suggest that the goals people work toward in their daily lives are important contributors of well-being. However, research to date has focused primarily on aspects of the individual in goal pursuit even though goals are not pursued in isolation. In fact, there is evidence that this emphasis on the individual, particularly salient in Western cultures, has negative consequences at both the individual and community levels. With regard to well-being, data have indicated that it is best represented as two dimensional, including hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. However, the research on personal goals has primarily focused on hedonic well-being of the individual. Overall, hedonic well-being appears to be more related to affective experience, whereas eudaimonic well-being appears to be more comprehensive and related to topics like purpose in life, self-acceptance, and positive relations with others. The theoretical framework of Virtue Ethics posits that social affiliations are essential for human beings to flourish and experience eudaimonia, and this study examines that premise. A two-step approach to structural equation modeling was used to contribute to the extant literature on goal pursuit and well-being by 1) exploring the individual and interpersonal dimensions of goal pursuit and their relationships to hedonic and eudaimonic well-being and 2) exploring the interpersonal dimensions of goal pursuit as a mediator of the relationship between individual dimensions of goal pursuit and eudaimonic well-being. The retained structural model from the two-step approach included Efficacy (an Individual Dimension of Goal Pursuit) and Generativity (an Interpersonal Dimension of Goal Pursuit). Results demonstrated that Efficacy and Generativity were both significantly related to Hedonic and Eudaimonic Well-being; however, Generativity was more strongly related to Eudaimonic than Hedonic Well-being. These findings were consistent with the premise of Virtue theory, that those engaged in goal pursuit with or on behalf of others are more likely to experience higher levels of eudaimonic well-being. Future research should include further exploration of the Interpersonal Dimensions of Goal Pursuit and well-being specifically by focusing on improving measurement for the Interpersonal Dimensions of Goal Pursuit, Hedonic, and Eudaimonic Well-being.

Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Washington, 2006. / Vita. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 131-139).

This thesis describes the use of an ultrasonic goal-seeking algorithm while using ionic polymer metal composite (IPMC), an electroactive polymer, as the actuator to drive a vessel towards a goal. The signal transmitting and receiving circuits as well as the goal seeking algorithm are described in detail. Two test vessels were created; one was a larger vessel that contained all necessary components for autonomy. The second was a smaller vessel that contained only the sensors and IPMC strips, and all power and signals were transmitted via an umbilical cord. To increase the propulsive efforts of the second, smaller vessel, fins were added to the IPMC strips, increasing the surface area over 700%, determined to yield a 22-fold force increase. After extensive testing, it was found that the three IPMC strips, used as oscillating fins, could not generate enough propulsion to move either vessel, with or without fins. With the addition of fins, the oscillating frequency was reduced from 0.86-Hz to 0.25-Hz. However, the goal-seeking algorithm was successful in guiding the vessel towards the target, an ultrasonic transmitter. When moved manually according to the instructions given by the algorithm, the vessel successfully reached the goal. Using assumptions based on prior experiments regarding the speed of an IPMC propelled vessel, the trial in which the goal was to the left of the axis required 18.2% more time to arrive at the goal than the trial in which the goal was to the right. This significant difference is due to the goal-seeking algorithm’s means to acquire the strongest signal. After the research had concluded and the propulsors failed to yield desired results, many factors were considered to rationalize the observations. The operating frequency was reduced, and it was found that, by the impulse-momentum theorem, that the propulsive force was reduced proportionally. The literature surveyed addressed undulatory motion, which produces constant propulsive force, not oscillatory, which yields intermittent propulsive force. These reasons among others were produced to rationalize the results and prove the cause of negative results was inherent to the actuators themselves. All rational options have been considered to yield positive results.

The purpose of this study is to explore the performance appraisal practice in Qidi, and suggest in what way Qidi should go in performance appraisal in the future. The result shows that there are some problems in Qidi’s performance appraisal, management. Thereby, the suggestions are that Qidi should establish a standard performance appraisal system, create a formal control system, and keep the process transparent in appraisal.

Denna uppsats bygger på intervjuer med sju kvinnor som deltagit i ett utvecklingsprogram utformat för kvinnor med ambition att göra karriär. Företag bör satsa på anställdas karriärutveckling då det ökar individernas välmående och ger konkurrensfördelar. Syftet var att se vilka faktorer som bidrar till eller hindrar personlig utveckling samt se på vilket sätt utvecklingsprogrammet kan medverka till kvinnors personliga ledarskap och karriärutveckling. Frågeställningen löd: Upplever kvinnor att personligt ledarskap är ett bra verktyg för att utvecklas i sin karriär? Resultatet visade att kvinnorna genom utvecklingsprogrammet upplevde ökad kontroll över sina liv vilket hjälpt dem definiera och uppnå karriärmål. Faktorer med inverkan på karriären är individens utvecklingsbehov och tro på sig själv, stöd från andra samt företagets satsningar på anställdas karriärutveckling.