Two theories of work motivation taken from the field of Industrial/Organizational Psychology were compared in a six-week field experiment at a Fortune 500 company. A Job Enrichment Model (Hackman & Oldham, 1975) was used and the Motivating Potential Score (MPS) of three groups of machine operators was obtained before and after a six-week productivity study. Three goal conditions based on Goal Theory (Locke, 1968) were assigned one to each of three groups of machine operators and comparisons were made between the treatment groups. Production increases resulted from providing goals and feedback to subjects, but these increases were not statistically significant. The hourly goal condition with feedback had the largest increase over baseline, greater than either daily goals with feedback or the "do your best" goal condition with no feedback. A weak correlation exists (r =.17) between the change in worker's MPS and the worker's change in production.

Context: Process mining is an approach that exploits event logs to discover real processes executed in organizations, enabling them to (re)design and improve process models. Goal modelling, on the other hand, is a requirements engineering (RE) approach mainly used to analyze what-if situations and support decision making. Problem: Common problems with process mining include the complexity of discovered “spaghetti” processes and a lack of goal-process alignment. Current process mining practices mainly focus on activities and do not benefit from considering stakeholder goals and requirements to manage complexity and alignment. The critical artifact that process mining practices rely on is the event log. However, using a raw version of real-life event logs will typically result in process models being too complex, unstructured, difficult to understand and, above all, not aligned with stakeholders’ goals. Method: Involving goal-related factors can augment the precision and interpretability of mined models and help discover better opportunities to satisfy stakeholders. This thesis proposes three algorithms for goal-oriented process enhancement and discovery (GoPED) that show synergetic effects achievable by combining process mining and goal-oriented modelling. With GoPED, good historical experiences will be found within the event log to be used as a basis for inferring good process models, and bad experiences will be found to discover models to avoid. The goodness is defined in terms of alignment with regards to three categories of goal-related criteria: • Case perspective: satisfaction of individual cases (e.g., patient, costumer) in terms of some goals; • Goal perspective: overall satisfaction of some goals (e.g., to decrease waiting time) rather than individual cases; and • Organization perspective: a comprehensive satisfaction level for all goals over all cases. GoPED first adds goal-related attributes to conventional event characteristics (case identifier, activities, and timestamps), selects a subset of cases concerning goal-related criteria, and finally discovers a process model from that subset. For each criterion, an algorithm is developed to enable selecting the best subset of cases where the criterion holds. The resulting process models are expected to reproduce the desired level of satisfaction. The three GoPED algorithms were implemented in a Python tool. In addition, three other tools were implemented to complete a line of actions whose input is a raw event log and output is a subset of the event log selected with respect to the goal-related criteria. GoPED was used on real healthcare event logs (an illustrative example and a case study) to discover processes, and the performance of the tools was also assessed. Results: The performance of the GoPED toolset for various sizes and configurations of event logs was assessed through extensive experiments. The results show that the three GoPED algorithms are practical and scalable for application to event logs with realistic sizes and types of configurations. The GoPED method was also applied to the discovery of processes from the raw event log of the trajectories of patients with sepsis in a Dutch hospital, from their registration in the emergency room until their discharge. Although the raw data does not explicitly include goal-related information, some reasonable goals were derived from the data and a related research paper in consultation with a healthcare expert. The method was applied, and the resulting models were i) substantially simpler than the model dis-covered from the whole event log, ii) free from the drawbacks that using the whole event log causes, and iii) aligned with the predefined goals. Conclusion: GoPED demonstrates the benefits of exploiting goal modelling capabilities to enhance event logs and select a subset of events to discover goal-aligned and simplified process models. The resulting process model can also be compared to a model discovered from the original event log to reveal new insights about the ability of different forms of process models to satisfy the stakeholders’ goals. Learning from good behaviours that satisfy goals and detecting bad behaviours that hurt them is an opportunity to redesign models, so they are simpler, better aligned with goals, and free from drawbacks that using the whole event log may cause.

No description available.

No description available.

Kronisk obstruktiv lungsjukdom (KOL) är en av våra största folksjukdomar och den fjärde vanligaste dödsorsaken i världen. KOL är en progressiv sjukdom med symtom som påverkar livskvalitén. Rökning kombinerat med hög ålder är dominerande riskfaktor. Behandlingsmål för KOL är att minska symtom, förebygga exacerbationer och förbättra livskvalitén. Patientutbildningens syfte är att stödja och stärka patientens kontroll över sjukdom och behandling. I Sverige förekommer ingen standardiserad patientutbildning för KOL-patienter. Syftet med denna litteraturstudie var att identifiera kritiska aspekter i en utbildning för patienter med diagnosen KOL. Litteratursökning gjordes i PubMed och Cinahl. Åtta kvantitativa och två kvalitativa studier som överensstämde med problemformuleringen kvalitetsgranskades och inkluderades. I denna litteraturstudie har vi sett att patientut-bildning kan innefatta många olika moment och de kan inte utvärderas enskilt. Dock tycks faktorer som individuellt anpassad utbildning utifrån patientens tidigare erfarenheter och regelbunden uppföljning vara grundläggande för en utbildning som påverkar patientens följsamhet och därigenom en positiv effekt på patientens behandlingsmål. / Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a common disease, the 4th cause of global mortality. COPD is progressive and its symptoms influence the daily life. Smoking and ageing are risk factors. The treatment goals are to decrease the symptoms, prevent exacerbation and increase the quality of life. The aim of patient education are supporting and encouraging the patient to take control over the disease and the treatment. Sweden does not have any standard education concerning patients with COPD. The aim of this review was to identify critical aspects in an education for patients with COPD. The literature was searched in PubMed and Cinahl. Eight quantitative and two qualitative studies were selected as they were according to the aim of the study. The quality of the studies was evaluated. In this review we found patient education contenting different factors which could not be evaluated separately. Tailor made education based on the patient previous experience and regular follow-up seems to influence patient adher-ence and thereby give a positive effect on the treatment goals.

No description available.

The general practice in performance and production efficiency measurement has been to ignore additional products of most transformation processes that can be classified as "undesirable outputs" — which are a subset of the output set. Without the inclusion of these factors, the efficiency evaluation becomes a purely technical measure of the system alone, and does not account for the interaction of the system with the surrounding environment and the impact of policy decisions on the system. In addition, there are also technological dependencies arising due to the relationships between the desirable and the undesirable outputs. One of the analytical tools normally used in efficiency evaluation is Data Envelopment Analysis, DEA. In the course of addressing these problems, a decision-maker encounters multiple and contradictory objectives with respect to the output set. This motivates the exploration of new arenas of measurement of efficiency to facilitate policy decisions and address technological relationships. This research presents five modifications of the traditional DEA technique to give a more realistic and comprehensive score of production efficiency considering both, desirable and undesirable outputs. The models address the following problems: (i) technological dependency between desirable and undesirable outputs; (ii) decision-maker's preferences over inputs, desirable outputs and undesirable output performance and finally (iii) conflicting production objectives through a formulation that uses Goal Programming in conjunction with DEA, a concept known as GoDEA. / Master of Science

La investigación, tuvo como objetivo determinar si existe relación entre las variables del Estado de Flow y Orientación a la Meta en deportistas extremos. El estudio empleó una metodología de tipo correlacional (Hernández, Fernández y Baptista, 2014), cuya población estuvo conformada por 198 participantes (124 hombres y 74 mujeres) con edades que fluctuaron entre 18 y 60 años. Los instrumentos aplicados fueron el “Flow State Scale (FSS)” de Jackson y Marsh (1966) validado por Shimokawa (2008) y para evaluar la Orientación a la Meta se empleó “Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ)” de Duda y Nicholls (1989), a partir de la traducción de Balaguer, Castillo y Tomás (1996) y adaptado al contexto peruano por Reyes-Bossio (2010). Los resultados demostraron que el estado de Flow se correlaciona significativamente con la variable Orientación a la Meta y al mismo tiempo con sus dimensiones Ego y Tarea. / The main aim of research is to determine the existing relationship between the variables, Flow State, and Goal Orientation in extreme athletes. The research is of correlational type (Hernández, Fernandez and Baptista, 2014), the population is made up of 198 participants (124 men and 74 women) with ages that fluctuated between 18 and 60 years. The instruments applied were the “Flow State Scale (FSS)” of Jackson and Marsh (1966) validated by Shimokawa (2008) and to evaluate Goal Orientation, the “Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ)” by Duda and Nicholls (1989) was used, based on the translation by Balaguer, Castillo and Tomas (1996) and adapted to the Peruvian context by Reyes-Bossio (2010). The results showed that the Flow state is significantly correlated with the Goal Orientation variable and at the same time with its Ego and Task dimensions. / Tesis

No description available.

No description available.