Orientador: Antonio Roberto Balbo / Resumo: A produção de energia eólica tem se destacado no Brasil e mostrado grande importância na questão ambiental, pois auxilia na redução da emissão dos gases poluentes na atmosfera, provenientes de outras fontes de energia. Neste trabalho é proposta uma modelagem matemática de otimização multiobjetivo a qual explora a produção de energia eólica em um problema de despacho econômico e ambiental termo-eólico. O principal objetivo é mostrar que uma metodologia determinística envolvendo os métodos de otimização multiobjetivo de restrições canalizadas progressivas e de técnicas de programação por metas ponderadas, em conjunto com o método de pontos interiores, é eficiente à resolução deste problema. É proposta uma nova técnica, a qual é uma combinação entre os métodos de otimização multiobjetivo citados. As soluções dos subproblemas gerados por estes métodos serão determinadas através de pacotes computacionais, onde são apresentados resultados de casos distintos de produção de energia, mostrando a insuficiência da energia eólica nos custos operacionais da geração e no impacto ambiental / Abstract: The production of wind energy has stood out in Brazil and has shown great importance in the environmental issue, as it assists to reduce of polluting gases in the atmosphere arising out of other sources of energy. In this work a mathematical modeling of optimization multiobjective is proposed, which explores the wind energy production in a thermal-wind environmental and economic dispatch problem. The main objective is to show that a deterministic methodology involving the multiobjective optimization methods, progressive bounded constraints and weighted goal programming techniques, together with an interior point method, is e cient to solve this problem. A new technique is proposed, which is a combination of the mentioned multiobjective optimization methods. The solutions of the generated subproblems by these methods will be determined through of computational package and the results of distinct cases of energy production will be presented, showing the in uence of the wind power on the generation and on the environmental impact. / Doutor

Orientador: Helenice de Oliveira Florentino Silva / Resumo: Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo propor um modelo matemático para auxílio no planejamento da aplicação de agentes maturadores e da colheita da cana-de-açúcar, visando obter uma matéria-prima para o setor sucroenergético com máxima qualidade tecnológica relacionada ao teor de sacarose presente no caldo da cana-de-açúcar. Para tanto, inicialmente, foi realizada a revisão teórica acerca da temática relacionada ao ciclo produtivo da cana-de-açúcar, e, ainda, foram pesquisados os resultados de investigações científicas voltadas para essa atividade e que contemplam o uso de agentes químicos de maturação. Na sequência, buscou-se identificar o conjunto de variáveis e processos que ocorrem na fase de maturação da cana, e, também, foi analisada a temática relacionada à utilização de modelos matemáticos aplicados à otimização de processos envolvidos na cultura em questão. Foi formulado um modelo matemático de programação linear inteira a partir de técnicas de Programação por Metas Ponderadas. A avaliação do modelo proposto foi realizada mediante testes computacionais, utilizando quatro cenários baseados em instâncias compostas por 18, 50, 100 e 500 talhões, nos quais foi simulado o cultivo de 18 variedades de cana-de-açúcar adaptáveis à região centro-sul do Brasil. O modelo proposto neste trabalho foi validado e sua utilidade pôde ser evidenciada pela sua aplicabilidade na identificação do momento ideal para realizar a aplicação do maturador, pela identificação do momento ótimo para real... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This research aimed to propose a mathematical model to support the planning of the application of ripening agents and sugarcane harvesting, aiming to obtain raw material for the sugarcane industry with maximum technological quality related to the sucrose content present in the sugarcane juice. Initially, the theoretical review was carried out on the theme related to the sugarcane production stages. Then, a research was conducted in order to identify the results of scientific investigations focused on that activity approaching the use of chemical maturation agents. Next, it was sought to identify the set of variables and processes that occurred during the sugarcane maturation phase, and it was also analyzed the theme related to the use of optimization mathematical modeling applied to the crop in question. Finally, an integer linear programming mathematical modeling based on Weighted Goal Programming techniques was formulated. The evaluation of the proposed model was performed through computational tests using four scenarios based on 18, 50, 100 and 500 fields, in which the cultivation of 18 sugarcane varieties adaptable to the south-central region of Brazil was simulated. The model proposed in this research was validated and its usefulness could be evidenced not only by its applicability in the identification of the ideal moment for the application of the ripener, as well as in the identification of the optimum moment for the sugarcane harvest, but, also for the possibility of... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

A posteriori error estimation is an inseparable component of any reliable numerical method for solving partial differential equations. The aim of the goal-oriented a posteriori error estimates is to control the computational error directly with respect to some quantity of interest, which makes the method very convenient for many engineering applications. The resulting error estimates may be employed for mesh adaptation which enables to find a numerical approximation of the quantity of interest under some given tolerance in a very efficient manner. In this thesis, the goal-oriented error estimates are derived for discontinuous Galerkin discretizations of the linear scalar model problems, as well as of the Euler equations describing inviscid compressible flows. It focuses on several aspects of the goal-oriented error estimation method, in particular, higher order reconstructions, adjoint consistency of the discretizations, control of the algebraic errors arising from iterative solutions of both algebraic systems, and linking the estimates with the hp-anisotropic mesh adaptation. The computational performance is demonstrated by numerical experiments.

Syfte: Studiens syfte är att skapa större förståelse för hur olika ledarskapsbeteenden kan bidra till motivationsskapande hos medarbetare inom upplevelseekonomin, med fokus på målvägsteorin.  Metod: I studien har en kvalitativ metod använts, där åtta semistrukturerade intervjuer och åtta enkätundersökningar har genomförts. Undersökningen valde vi att genomföra inom upplevelseekonomin, där vi specifikt valde att intervjua ledare från Escape Room företag. Escape Room är en verksamhet som säljer upplevelser i form av att deltagarna blir inlåsta i ett rum och tillsammans ska ta sig ut genom att lösa olika problem, gåtor, pussel osv.   Resultat och slutsats: Studiens resultat visar att ledare inom upplevelseekonomin skiftar mellan olika ledarbeteenden, där respondenterna i studien främst uppvisar en kombination av vägledande och prestationsinriktade ledarbeteenden. Genom en analys av respondenternas svar och den insamlade empirin, finner vi dock att en kombination av ett stödjande och ett vägledande ledarbeteende kan uppfattas mer motiverande för medarbetare inom upplevelseekonomin.  Examensarbetets bidrag: Med studien hoppas vi kunna bidra till ledarnas arbete för att skapa motivation hos medarbetarna, framförallt inom upplevelseekonomin. Vi hoppas att studiens olika delar kan ge ledare tips på hur de kan skapa motivation inom den egna verksamheten. Givet målvägsteorin, fann vi inget underlag för att visst ledarbeteende ska motivera medarbetare med vissa egenskaper, däremot fann vi att situationens egenskaper har större betydelse.  Förslag till vidare forskning: Beträffande målvägsteorin, har vi i vårt arbete valt att fokusera på den tidigare framtagna versionen av House (1971, 1996) som innefattar fyra ledarskapsbeteenden för att öka individens motivation. Vid senare versioner som släppts av målvägsteorin finns fler ledarskapsbeteenden inräknade. Intressant i en framtida forskningsstudie vore därför att inkludera resterande ledarskapsbeteenden likväl. / Aim: The purpose of the study is to create a greater understanding of how different leadership behaviors can contribute to motivation creation among employees in the experience economy, with a focus on path-goal theory.  Method: In the study, a qualitative method was used, where eight semi-structured interviews and eight questionnaires were conducted. We chose to conduct the survey in the experience economy, where we specifically chose to interview leaders from Escape Rooms. Escape Room is a business that sells experiences that involve the participants being locked in a room where they have to get out together by solving various problems, riddles, puzzles, etc.  Conclusion: The results of the study show that leaders in the experience economy switch between different leadership behaviors, where the respondents in the study mainly show a combination of directive and achievement-oriented leadership behaviors. Through an analysis of the respondents' answers and the empirical data collected, we find, however, that a combination of supportive and directive leadership behavior can be perceived as more motivating for employees in the experience economy. Contribution of the thesis: With the study, we hope to be able to contribute to the leaders' work to create motivation among employees, especially in the experience economy. We hope that the different parts of the study can give leaders tips on how they can create motivation within their own organisation. Given the path-goal theory, no basis for certain leadership behavior to motivate employees with certain characteristics was found, however, we found that the characteristics of the situation are more important. Suggestions for future research: Regarding the goal-path theory, we have in our work chosen to focus on the previously developed version of House (1971, 1996) which includes four leadership behaviors to increase the individual's motivation. In later versions released by the goal-path theory, more leadership behaviors are included. It would therefore be interesting in a future research study to include the remaining leadership behaviors as well.

The purpose of this project was to implement the newly revised International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICIDH-2) developed by the World Health Organization (WHO), to establish specific aural rehabilitation goals. Five graduate clinicians in speech language pathology and audiology interviewed ten participants with adult onset hearing loss. A modified version of the General Questions for Participation and Activities (i.e., a structured interview technique) from the ICIDH-2 Checklist, was developed. Prior to completing this checklist, the students attended a brief training session to become familiar with the major components of the ICIDH-2, specifically the ICIDH-2 Checklist. Completion of the ICIDH-2 Checklist, Version 2.1a, clinician form (prefinal draft, December 2000), allowed the students to classify and qualify disability and health according to the constructs of Activity and Participation, (i.e., what a person can and cannot do as a result of hearing loss and what a person does and does not do as a result of hearing loss, respectively). Following completion of Parts 2 (Activities and Participation) and 3 (Environmental Factors) of the Checklist for each of the ten clients interviewed, aural rehabilitation goals were developed. Four participants are highlighted to illustrate how the ICIDH-2 is used to objectify the impact of hearing loss and to establish specific treatment goals. The results support the use of the modified version of the General Questions for Participation and Activities in development of aural rehabilitation goals for clients with adult onset hearing loss. Graduate clinicians demonstrated the ability to complete the checklist with little assistance, suggesting that the use of the ICIDH-2 by experienced clinicians should be a relatively easy task. Goal development was also a relatively easy task using the checklist ratings, and the ratings related directly to the individual participant's quality of life in their current situation.

Aim: The purpose of this study is to describe the intervention process at a psychiatric clinic in Vietnam, from evaluation to goal setting, and how the staff choose occupation-based intervention for their patients. Method: This study is a qualitative study with inductive approach where the data collection is based on a semi-structured interview with the health care staff at a psychiatric clinic in Vietnam. The respondents consisted of a total of ten participants and were required by a purposive sample. Content analysis according to Kristensson (2014) was used to examine the data. Result: The findings from the result revealed that the clinic work without a standard procedure where the staff evaluates and assess their patient from their own experience. They also interview and observe the patients without an aim. The result also showed that the clinic offers different occupation-based interventions where the doctor decides occupation-training but not in consultation with the patient. It was revealed that the purpose of the occupation is to make the patients independent. The last finding was that the staff has a lack of individual goal setting and the general goal is for patients to get healthy. To see if the patients achieve improvement, observations are made without aim. Conclusion: The study concludes that the health care staff at the clinic has found their strategies using their own experience, for evaluating and assessing their patients.

Bakgrund: Kommunikation är en basal del i människans liv, både privat och i arbetslivet. Företag fokuserar mycket på affärsstrategier och verksamhetsplaner för att uppnå utveckling och framgång. Målstyrning är ett av de sätt som en verksamhet kan styra sin organisation genom och detta för att eftersträva goda resultat med hjälp av verksamhetens medarbetare. Målstyrningen kräver mycket från ledning, chefer och medarbetare, men används kommunikationen på rätt sätt? Forskningsfråga: Hur ser kommunikationen ut i målstyrningsprocessen? Bidrar god kommunikation till delaktighet och målkongruens inom ramen av målstyrning? Syfte: Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka på vilket sätt målstyrningen används på Länsförsäkringar Kalmar län och hur kommunikation används och upplevs i målstyrningsprocessen. Detta för att kunna ge företag som Länsförsäkringar en insikt i hur arbetet med kommunikation kan påverka dem. Metod: Metoden som har använts för denna studie är en fallstudie som genomfördes med en kvalitativ forskningsstrategin. Den empiriska datan samlades in med hjälp av semistrukturerade intervjuer som genomfördes på totalt sex respondenter, två chefer och fyra medarbetare. Då uppsatsen bygger på både deduktiva och induktiva inslag har den abduktiva ansatsen tillämpats. Resultat och slutsatser: Denna studie förklarar kommunikation som en viktig del i framgången för ledning genom mål. Cheferna har ansvaret för att kommunicera all information som måste gå från styrelsens ledare till de operativa anställda där denna kommunikation ger positiva effekter på både deltagande och målkongruens. Resultaten visar att medarbetare upplever delaktighet inom målstyrningsområdet vilket skiljer sig mot tidigare forskning. / Background: Communication is a basic part of human life, both in private and in working life. Companies focus on business strategies and business plans to achieve development and success. Management by objectives is one of the ways in which an organization can control its operations and this in order to strive for good results with the help of its employees. Goal management requires a lot of effort from management, managers and employees, but is the communication used properly? Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the way in which goal management is used in Länsförsäkringar Kalmar and how communication is used and experienced in the goal management process. This is to give companies like Länsförsäkringar an insight into how the work with communication can affect them. Method: In this thesis a case study with a qualitative method has been applied. The empirical data has been compiled through semi structured interviews with six respondents in total, two manager and four employees. Due to this thesis is being based on both deductive and inductive contribution, the abductive approach has been applied. Result and conclusions: This study explains that communication as a vital part in the success of management by objective. The managers have the responsibility to communicate all information that has to go from the board leaders to the operational employees where this communication brings positive effects on both participation and goal congruence. The results shows that employees do experience participation in the goal setting process which differs from previous similar research.

Fysisk inaktivitet är ett välkänt globalt samhällsproblem då det är en av de största riskfaktorerna dödlighet. En stillasittande och fysiskt inaktiv livsstil ökar risken att drabbas av hjärtsjukdomar, cancer och typ 2-diabetes (WHO, 2020). Genom att träna regelbundet kan man bland annat förstärka sin muskulära styrka, öka sin respiratoriska kapacitet och förbättra sin kardiovaskulära hälsa för att därmed bli fysiskt kapabel att leva ett fysiskt aktivt liv (U.S. department of human services, 1998). För att vi ska kunna träna regelbundet och ge oss själva de fysiska förutsättningarna som behövs för att leva fysiskt aktiva livsstilar behöver vi vara motiverade till att träna regelbundet. För att vi ska vara motiverade till att träna behöver vi träna under förutsättningar som skapar och bibehåller motivationen till att vara fysiskt aktiva (Weinberg & Gould, 2014). Syftet med den här undersökningen var att jämföra motivation till fysisk aktivitet inom föreningsidrott med träningsformer utanför föreningsidrotten. Undersökningen genomfördes genom två olika metoder för datainsamling. En kvantitativ enkätundersökning kring motivationsfaktorer med utgångspunkt i variabler från enkätinstrumentet Mpam-r och Self determination theory (SDT) (Deci & Ryan, 2000). En kvalitativ intervjuundersökning kring motivationsfaktorer och målsättningsinriktning med utgångspunkt i både SDT och Achievement goal theory (AGT) (Duda & Hall, 2001). Resultatet från undersökningen visar att föreningsidrottarna motiveras mer av faktorer kopplat till SDT och en inre motivation jämfört med icke-föreningsidrottarna som motiveras mer utifrån utseende-faktorn och en yttre motivation. Föreningsidrotten är den träningsmiljö som skapar bäst förutsättningar för uppgiftsinriktade målsättningar medan träningsformer utanför föreningsidrotten tenderar att bidra till resultatinriktade målsättningar. Undersökningsgruppen som utifrån deltagarnas uppskattningar skapar och bidrar till att ha den mest långsiktigt hållbara motivationen till fysisk aktivitet är icke-föreningsidrottarna.

The purpose of this study was to investigate how successful the goal and follow-up measures of the municipal waste plans are, but also how the follow-up measures can contribute to achieving environmentally sustainable development in accordance with the national environmental diversity goals. Methods used were a literature study and a questionnaire, which was sent to people responsible for the follow-up of the waste plans. The results of this study showed that a large part of the follow-ups worked well. The national environmental diversity goals were integrated through various activities in the waste plans, for example information efforts regarding minimizing plastic use. It was not possible to see any statistical differences between follow-up frequency and municipality size. However, the common aspect was that an improved structure would improve the goal and measures fulfilment. A part of the survey was to investigate the need for a structured digital system for monitoring the waste plan. In order to function and be adequate, it was important that the digital system was integrated into the company's own operations. A structured digital system for monitoring the waste plan can increase recycling rates. It can contribute to increase the chances of achieving the national environmental diversity goals and reach circular economy.

This study examines preschool teachers' perceptions and experiences of systematic quality work in preschool. The purpose of making preschool teachers' perceptions and experiences visible is that they will provide new knowledge about the perceived reality of systematic quality work and what significance it has in preschool teachers' daily work. The questions in which the study seeks to answer are how preschool teachers perceive the systematic quality work? How preschool teachers perceive the work with documentation as part of the systematic quality work? And in what way preschool teachers feel that the systematic quality work helps them to develop the early childhood education? This is a qualitative study where preschool teachers have been interviewed in which a total of four interviews have been treated in the study. The interviews have been semi-structured with a low degree of structuring. The interviews were then transcribed where a qualitative analysis of the material was made. The theoretical concepts that permeate the analysis are the motives for evaluation, which consist of the control motive, the development motive and the knowledge motive. The results show that there are two themes in which the systematic quality work is understood. Systematic quality work in an overall perspective and systematic quality work from an operational perspective where the motives for evaluation are varied.