It was the purpose of this study to make an investigation of fifty-seven representative businesses that are located throughout the United States, in an attempt to find out just what the potential employers feel the school should give the potential employee in regard to personality and character training.

published_or_final_version / Sociology / Doctoral / Doctor of Philosophy

This follow-up study involved college women seven years after graduation. The purpose was to investigate the predictability of women's career behavior from career aspirations at senior year of college. Some data were derived from The Role Outlook Study senior year questionnaire. In addition, a second questionnaire, The Role Outlook Follow-Up, was utilized which focused upon various events occurring in women's lives following college graduation, namely marriage, graduate school attendance, receipt of advanced degrees, and work experience. No significant association was found between women's career aspirations senior year and actual career behavior. Instead, marriage and the absence or presence of children differentiated working and non-working women. However, a significant association was found between women' s occupational preferences at senior year and their current occupations.

The dominant human capital theory-based perspective that education is crucial for economic success and employment has affected national and regional policies in education and employment worldwide. The present thesis critically assesses the target for increased number of tertiary education graduates in the current EU agenda for growth and employment (Europe 2020 Strategy). This target presumes that employment is positively related with tertiary education qualifications, and that there is an increasing demand for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. Based on Eurostat data, our findings indicate that (i) more public spending on tertiary education does not seem to be associated with higher employment rates of graduates in the EU countries; (ii) in more than half of the EU28 member states, unemployment rates are not related with increased number of graduates; (iii) in most of the remaining EU countries, the increase in graduates is associated with higher graduates’ unemployment rates; (iv) increased number of tertiary education graduates relates with higher overqualification rates in the majority of the EU countries. These results accord with previous studies which find that investment in education alone is inadequate to explain complex socio-economic phenomena, such as graduates’ employment/unemployment. Moreover, they further support previous research works, which question the proclaimed increased need for highly educated workers in the EU labour markets. This, in turn, suggests that common European policies which target at increasing horizontally the number of graduates may further deteriorate the existing problem of overqualification in the EU. Without downplaying the importance of education and skills in employment, the current thesis contemplates that the disproportionate emphasis on the role of tertiary education in employment may falsely cultivate the perception that education per se can be the main solution for unemployment. Thus, it is likely to conceal the wider socio-economic reasons that influence a person’s ability to find, secure and advance in his/her job. Last, but not least, this perspective narrows down the role of tertiary education confining it to economic and employment purposes.

by Leung Kin Hee. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1973. / Includes bibliographical references (leaf 101). / Summary in Chinese.

by Fung Yee-ching. / Thesis (M.B.A.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 1979. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-70). / Abstract also in Chinese.

本研究針對台灣政府在2008年底開辦的「97-98年度國中畢業未升學未就業青少年職能培訓輔導試辦計畫」進行成效及過程評估，該計畫以全台灣23間培訓機構進行培訓輔導之15-19歲雙待青少年為對象。研究方法採取量化及質化研究均等的混合型設計，從相關文獻回顧中歸納出就業力不足、社會網絡的匱乏及惡性循環的社會排斥，是在個人、社區及結構層次上造成雙待青少年問題出現的主要成因，並從而發展出提升就業力、聯結社會網絡及積極促進參與，作為處理雙待青少年問題之對策，以及檢視該計畫成效的三個面向。 / 研究發現該計畫對於協助參與的青少年脫離雙待狀態整體而言具有顯著成效，而在促進其聯結社會網絡面向及積極促進參與面向則成效良好，但在提升就業力面向成效較為有限，主要原因可能培訓時間過短，未能有效發展雙待青少年就業力的相關效能。再者，在過程評估方面，研究發現分散式的體驗教育安排方式在積極促進參與及聯結社會網絡方面較有顯著的效果，混合式的工作體驗安排方式在積極促進參與面向上明顯優於分開式，而學員半數以上來自法院轉介的班級呈現較顯著的進步，小班制在聯結社會網絡及積極促進參與面向上都具有較佳的成效，本研究也匯報了該計畫設計和執行過程中其他的可改進之處。 / 基於本研究的發現，研究者進一步提出值得關注的是社會角色的「不正當性」，是雙待青少年被視為問題的首要原因；另外，除了社會網絡的欠缺，他們還會涉入一些「負面社會網絡」，而「欠缺穩定性」的習氣，也是造成雙待青少年無法持續參與就學、就業及培訓的重要原因。最後，本研究提出相應的政策和實務層面之建議，例如建立陪伴式「在職輔導」的長期職業培訓模式，建立「以培訓機構為中心的社區網絡」，以及結合社會安全政策，鼓勵企業提供就業及見習機會等，以有效協助雙待青少年。 / This study evaluates the outcome and process of Evaluation of “The Project of Vocational Skills Training and Guidance for Junior High School Graduates not in Education or Employment in Taiwan. It is a training program targeting at young people aged 15-19 years old, who are not in education, employment or training (NEET). The mixed method of qualitative and quantitative research design was adopted. Exploring from the personal, community and structural levels, the inadequate employability, poverty of social network, and negative effect of vicious cycle of social exclusion were derived from literature review. As a result, the three dimemsions inadequate employability, poverty of social network, and social exclusion were identified and used as strategies to deal with the problem of NEET, and to examine the effectiveness of the Project. / The Study found that the Project has achieved significant effect as a whole in helping young people to get out of the situation of NEET, and also effectively promoted their social network dimension and active participation dimension; but the effectiveness of enhancement of employability was limited. / The major reason is mainly due to the short training time which cannot effectively developed the relevant employability of young people. Moreover, in the process of evaluation, the study also found that the scattered experiential education approach has significant effect in promoting active participation, the mixed mode of work experiential practice approach is better than separate approach, classes with students more than half referring from the courts demonstrate significant progress, and small classes in linking social networks and promoting active participation dimension have shown better results. Besides, the Project also reported other areas of improvement in relation to its design and implementation. / On the basis of the findings, the researcher further pointed out the stereotyped “illegitimacyof youth’s social role being seen as a problem in the major cause of young people to become NEET. Beside, despite of poverty of social network, they were laso involved in some “negative social network and fostered the “instability habit that affects the young people unable to participate in education and employment continuously. Finally, relevant policies and practices are suggested for future consideration, such as establishing long-term accompanying “on the job counsellingmode of training, developing the “training institute-based community network, and combining with social security policy, to encourage enterprises to provide jos and training opportunities to assist young people of NEET. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / Detailed summary in vernacular field only. / 吳正煌. / Thesis (Ph.D.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2012. / Includes bibliographical references (leaves 340-363). / Electronic reproduction. Hong Kong : Chinese University of Hong Kong, [2012] System requirements: Adobe Acrobat Reader. Available via World Wide Web. / Abstracts in Chinese and English. / Wu Zhenghuang. / Chapter 第一部分 --- 理論與方法 --- p.1 / Chapter 第一章 --- 導論 --- p.2 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究背景 --- p.2 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究目的 --- p.13 / Chapter 第二章 --- 文獻回顧 --- p.14 / Chapter 第一節 --- 雙待青少年的定義 --- p.14 / Chapter 第二節 --- 雙待青少年的特徵與背景 --- p.20 / Chapter 第三節 --- 對「雙待」問題視角的批評 --- p.24 / Chapter 第四節 --- 雙待青少年研究的相關理論取向 --- p.27 / Chapter 第五節 --- 雙待青少年的對策 --- p.51 / Chapter 第六節 --- 方案評估 --- p.73 / Chapter 第三章 --- 研究架構 --- p.88 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究框架 --- p.89 / Chapter 第二節 --- 成效評估及過程評估的效應理論 --- p.92 / Chapter 第三節 --- 研究問題及假設 --- p.93 / Chapter 第四節 --- 方案成效評估的測量指標 --- p.95 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.99 / Chapter 第四章 --- 研究方法 --- p.100 / Chapter 第一節 --- 哲學研究典範取向：後實證主義 --- p.101 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究設計取向及研究策略 --- p.104 / Chapter 第三節 --- 量化研究部分之測量工具 --- p.118 / Chapter 第四節 --- 量化研究資料蒐集方法及過程 --- p.135 / Chapter 第五節 --- 量化資料信效度檢驗 --- p.147 / Chapter 第六節 --- 質化研究資料蒐集方法及過程 --- p.157 / Chapter 第七節 --- 資料整理與分析方法 --- p.170 / Chapter 第八節 --- 小結 --- p.178 / Chapter 第二部分 --- 研究發現 --- p.179 / Chapter 第五章 --- 參與研究樣本基本資料及機構相關變項 --- p.180 / Chapter 第一節 --- 量化問卷樣本的基本資料描述 --- p.180 / Chapter 第二節 --- 機構相關變項資料描述 --- p.186 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.190 / Chapter 第六章 --- 量化成效評估：提升就業力 --- p.191 / Chapter 第一節 --- 提升就業力的整體成效 --- p.191 / Chapter 第二節 --- 提升就業力之成效分析 --- p.193 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.196 / Chapter 第七章 --- 量化成效評估：聯結社會網絡 --- p.197 / Chapter 第一節 --- 聯結社會網絡的整體成效 --- p.197 / Chapter 第二節 --- 聯結社會網絡之成效 --- p.198 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.201 / Chapter 第八章 --- 量化成效評估：積極促進參與 --- p.202 / Chapter 第一節 --- 積極促進參與的整體成效 --- p.202 / Chapter 第二節 --- 積極促進參與之成效 --- p.203 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.207 / Chapter 第九章 --- 整體方案量化成效及過程評估 --- p.208 / Chapter 第一節 --- 成效評估：整體方案的量化成效 --- p.208 / Chapter 第二節 --- 過程評估：量化資料的研究發現 --- p.210 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.218 / Chapter 第十章 --- 質化資料的研究發現 --- p.220 / Chapter 第一節 --- 成效評估：質化資料的研究發現 --- p.220 / Chapter 第二節 --- 過程評估：質化資料的研究發現 --- p.247 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.273 / Chapter 第一節 --- 成效評估 --- p.278 / Chapter 第二節 --- 過程評估 --- p.282 / Chapter 第三節 --- 小結 --- p.285 / Chapter 第三部分 --- 討論、啟示及結論 --- p.286 / Chapter 第十二章 --- 討論 --- p.286 / Chapter 第一節 --- 個人層次：提升雙待青少年之就業力 --- p.287 / Chapter 第二節 --- 社區層次：強化雙待青少年的社會網絡 --- p.298 / Chapter 第三節 --- 結構層次：積極促進雙待青少年參與及社會融入 --- p.303 / Chapter 第四節 --- 相關理論的反思：對雙待青少年的適用性 --- p.311 / Chapter 第五節 --- 小結 --- p.319 / Chapter 第十三章 --- 啟示 --- p.321 / Chapter 第一節 --- 政策建議 --- p.321 / Chapter 第二節 --- 實務建議 --- p.324 / Chapter 第十四章 --- 結論 --- p.330 / Chapter 第一節 --- 研究結論 --- p.330 / Chapter 第二節 --- 研究貢獻、研究限制及未來研究建議 --- p.332 / ◎參考文獻 --- p.340 / Chapter 附錄一 --- 97-98年度國中畢業未升學未就業職能培訓輔導計畫 --- p.364 / Chapter 附錄二 --- 問卷 --- p.375 / Chapter 附錄三 --- 訪談大綱 --- p.379 / Chapter 附錄四 --- 受訪者同意書 --- p.381

Thesis (M. Phil.)--University of Hong Kong, 1975. / Mimeographed.

Graduate development programmes have increasingly become part of South African businesses in order to acquire and retain the best talent pool. However, there is a great need for research in this area in South Africa. The current research study is a replica of McDermott et al’s (2006) Irish study, contrasting organisations that have a graduate development programme in place against those that do not. The current study was undertaken to assess satisfaction levels of graduate development programmes from a sample of graduates (N=63) from two large South African retail organisations. A survey questionnaire was administered and four interviews were conducted with the graduates. The findings of the research indicate that graduates, who have been part of a graduate development programme for 13 months or longer, showed dissatisfaction. Many attributed this dissatisfaction to non-recognition for the job, a lack of feedback on their performance, inadequate responsibility with tasks, a lack of prospects for advancement, underdevelopment of competencies, poor salaries, supervisors not understanding their skills requirements for the job and poor job security. In addition, the following job features were viewed as important contributions that an employer can offer graduates: “stimulating and challenging work”, “good opportunities for advancement” and “good salary and benefits”. This research study also provides significant recommendations for organisations wanting to implement, or currently utilising, a graduate development programme / Thesis (M.A.)-University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, 2009.

Thesis (Ph.D.)--McMaster University, 2003. / Advisor: John Fox. Includes bibliographical references ( leaves 240-250). Also available via World Wide Web.