In this dissertation, we examine whether the disposition effect, the tendency to sell winners and hold losers, exists among U.S. equity mutual funds and how the disposition effect influences fund performance and particularly flows. We find that a significant fraction (32%) of all funds exhibit some degree of disposition behavior. These funds underperform funds that are not disposition prone by 4-6% per year. Moreover, we find that the disposition effect has a significant impact on future fund flows. Without controlling for performance, disposition-prone funds experience 2-3% less flows each quarter than other funds. The difference in flows is probably due to poor performance of such funds. However, even after controlling for performance and other factors that potentially influence flows, funds with a high disposition effect experience 0.7-2% less flows than funds without such behavior. Past research has found that funds with low tax overhang garner larger inflows. Though disposition-prone funds are likely to have a lower tax overhang because they sell their winners quickly, we find that fund flows to disposition-prone funds are smaller than flows to non-disposition oriented funds after controlling for tax overhang. These results suggest that performance and tax efficiency as well as tax overhang are all important to mutual fund investors. / Ph. D.

Space satellite technology is heading in the direction of ultra-large, lightweight structures deployable on orbit. Minimal structural mass translates into minimal launch costs, while increased satellite bus size translates into significant bandwidth improvement for both radar and optical applications. However, from a structural standpoint, these two goals are in direct conflict with one another, as large, flexible structures possess terrible dynamic properties and minimal effective bandwidth. Since the next level of research will require active dynamic analysis, vibration control, and shape morphing control of these satellites, a better-suited name for this technology is Super Precise Intelligent Deployables for Engineered Reconnaissance, or SPIDER. Unlike wisps of cobweb caught in the wind, SPIDER technology will dictate the functionality and versatility of the satellite much like an arachnid weaving its own web. In the present work, a rigorous mathematical framework based on distributed parameter system theory is presented in describing the dynamics of augmented membranous structures. In particular, Euler-Bernoulli beam theory and thin plate theory are used to describe the integration of piezoelectric material with membranes. In both the one and two dimensional problems, experimental validation is provided to support the developed models. Next, the linear quadratic regulator (LQR) control problem is defined from a distributed parameter systems approach, and from this formulation, the functional gains of the respective system are gleaned. The functional gains provide an intelligent mapping when designing an observer-based control system as they pinpoint important sensory information (both type and spatial location) within the structure. Further, an experimental investigation into the dynamics of membranes stretched over shallow, air-filled cavities is presented. The presence of the air-filled cavity in close proximity to the membrane creates a distributed spring and damping effect, thus creating desirable system dynamics from an optical or radar application perspective. Finally, in conjunction with the use of a pressurized cavity with a membrane optic, a novel basis is presented for describing incoming wavefront aberrations. The new basis, coined the clamped Zernike polynomials, provides a mapping for distributed spatial actuation of a membrane mirror that is amiable to the clamped boundary conditions of the mechanical lens. Consequently, based on the work presented here and being carried out in cooperation with the Air Force Research Laboratory Directed Energy Directorate (AFRL / DE), it is envisioned that a 1 m adaptive membrane optic is on the verge of becoming a reality. / Ph. D.

Yes / The aim of this study was to identify the potential impact of positive and negative dimensions of caregiving on caregiver well-being and satisfaction with life (SwL). This study used time-point one data from the Improving the experience of Dementia and Enhancing Active Life (also known as IDEAL)cohort study that involved 1,283 informal caregivers of people in the mild-to-moderate stages of dementia recruited from 29 sites within Great Britain. Multivariate linear regression modeling was used to investigate the associations between positive dimensions of caregiving (measured by caregiving competence and perceptions of positive aspects of caregiving), negative dimensions of caregiving (measured by caregiving stress and role captivity), and caregiver well-being and SwL. Lower well-being was associated with low caregiving competence (–13.77; 95% confidence interval [CI]:–16.67, –10.87), perceiving fewer positive aspects of caregiving (–7.67; 95% CI:–10.26, –5.07), high caregiving stress (–24.45; 95% CI:–26.94, –21.96), and high role captivity (–15.61; 95% CI:–18.33, –12.89). Lower SwL was associated with low caregiving competence (–4.61; 95% CI:–5.57, –3.66), perceiving fewer positive aspects of caregiving (–3.09; 95% CI:–3.94, –2.25), high caregiving stress (–7.88; 95% CI:–8.71, –7.06), and high role captivity (–6.41; 95% CI:–7.27, –5.54). When these four measures were combined within the same model, only positive aspects of caregiving and caregiving stress retained independent associations with well-being and SwL. Both positive and negative dimensions of caregiving were associated with caregiver well-being and SwL. Psychological therapies and interventions need to consider not only the negative aspects of caregiving but also positive caregiving experiences and their implications for caregiver well-being and SwL. / Research Development Fund Publication Prize Award winner, February 2019. The IDEAL data will be deposited with the UK Data Archive upon completion of the study. Details on how the data can be accessed will be made available on the project website www.idealproject.org.uk.

La généralisation des acquis dans le domaine de l’agression sexuelle peut se subdiviser en deux volets, soit la généralisation qui se produit lors du traitement et celle suivant le retour dans la collectivité. Le modèle de traitement cognitivo-comportemental, basé sur les principes du risque, des besoins et de la réceptivité, permet une réduction significative des taux de récidive. Plus spécifiquement, les besoins criminogènes ciblés chez chacun des délinquants et le type de stratégies apprises en traitement peuvent influer sur le processus de généralisation des acquis. De la même façon, les caractéristiques propres à l’agresseur sexuel ont également un rôle à jouer. Lors de la libération, la considération et la mise en place de certaines mesures, telles que le plan de réinsertion sociale, les besoins sociaux et individuels, l’employabilité, le logement et la continuité thérapeutique importent afin de faciliter le maintien des acquis. Ainsi, le présent projet de maîtrise vise à mettre de l’avant une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de la généralisation des acquis chez quatre délinquants sexuels suivis dans la collectivité (Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal), à la suite d’un traitement d’un an complété à l’Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal. Dans le but de comprendre les facteurs pouvant favoriser ce processus, nous avons étudié la manière dont ces différents facteurs se sont présentés chez les délinquants sexuels à l’étude et l’impact lié à la présence ou à l’absence de ces variables. L’analyse clinique du matériel obtenu a démontré, d’une part, que la généralisation des acquis est facilitée lorsque l’ensemble des besoins criminogènes sont des cibles de traitement et que, d’autre part, le délinquant est en mesure d’appliquer des stratégies cognitivo-comportementales plutôt que des techniques purement cognitives. Par ailleurs, la présence d’impulsivité et de problèmes individuels non stabilisés peut nuire au processus. Finalement, il est ressorti que la généralisation des acquis est plus facilement atteignable lorsque les variables identifiées comme étant propices à une réinsertion sociale réussie sont présentes dans le quotidien des délinquants. / In the field of sexual aggression, the generalization of therapeutic gains can be divided in two sections: the generalization that occurs in the course of the treatment and the generalization that is made after the return in the community. It has been demonstrated that the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Model, based on the principles of the Risk-Needs-Reponsivity Model, has the greatest impact on recidivism level. To be more specific, target criminogenic needs specifics to the offender and the type of strategies learned in treatment can influence the process of generalization of therapeutic gains. In the same way, the characteristics of the sexual aggressor also have a role to play. When considering the release period, taking into account and implementing some measures, such as the plan of social reintegration, social and individual needs, employability, accommodation and continuity of treatment help to maintain therapeutic gains. Consequently, this project aims to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of the generalization of therapeutic gains by styding four sexual offenders during a follow-up in the community (Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal), after they received a one-year treatment at the Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal. With the aim of understanding factors that can facilitate this process, we studied how these factors were expressed by the sex offenders and the difference the presence or the absence of these variables. The clinical analysis of the results suggest on one hand that the generalization of therapeutic gains is facilitated when all criminogenic needs are addressed during treatment, and on the other hand when the sex offender has the capacity to apply cognitive-behavioral strategies instead of purely cognitive techniques. Besides, the presence of impulsiveness and non-stabilized individual problems can spoil the process. Finally, it came out that the generalization of therapeutic gains is easier when variables identified as being favourable to a successful social reintegration are part of the everyday life of the offenders.

Cette thèse de doctorat étudie trois questions de recherche en matière de marchés publics et de politique de la concurrence. Le premier chapitre se concentre sur une analyse microéconométrique des relations stratégiques entre d’une part l’entreprise choisie pour l’attribution d’un marché public et d’autre part l’autorité publique chargée de la régulation d’un service public. Il exploite des données sur le transport public urbain en France pour étudier les déterminants de choix réglementaires qui impactent à leur tour la rentabilité des opérateurs de transport. Le deuxième chapitre explore une évaluation ex-post d’une fusion qui a eu lieu entre deux grands groupes de transport en France (Veolia Transport et Transdev), en se concentrant sur l’existence éventuelle de gains d’efficacité dans les fusions. Enfin, le troisième chapitre donne un aperçu de l’impact d’une fusion lorsque les entreprises se font concurrence pour la qualité et repositionnent leurs services en analysant l’industrie hospitalière française. / This PhD dissertation studies three research questions in public procurement and competition policy presented in the respective chapters and preceded by a general introduction. The first chapter focuses on a microeconometric analysis of the strategic relationships between a firm awarded a public contract and the public authority responsible for regulating a public service. It exploits data on the French urban public transport industry to study the determinants of regulatory contract choices which in turn impact the cost efficiency of transport operators. The second chapter explores an ex-post assessment of a merger which took place between two major transport groups in France (Veolia Transport and Transdev), focusing on the possible existence of merger efficiency gains. Finally, the third chapter provides insight on the impact of merger when firms compete in quality and reposition their services by analyzing the French hospital industry.

La généralisation des acquis dans le domaine de l’agression sexuelle peut se subdiviser en deux volets, soit la généralisation qui se produit lors du traitement et celle suivant le retour dans la collectivité. Le modèle de traitement cognitivo-comportemental, basé sur les principes du risque, des besoins et de la réceptivité, permet une réduction significative des taux de récidive. Plus spécifiquement, les besoins criminogènes ciblés chez chacun des délinquants et le type de stratégies apprises en traitement peuvent influer sur le processus de généralisation des acquis. De la même façon, les caractéristiques propres à l’agresseur sexuel ont également un rôle à jouer. Lors de la libération, la considération et la mise en place de certaines mesures, telles que le plan de réinsertion sociale, les besoins sociaux et individuels, l’employabilité, le logement et la continuité thérapeutique importent afin de faciliter le maintien des acquis. Ainsi, le présent projet de maîtrise vise à mettre de l’avant une meilleure compréhension du phénomène de la généralisation des acquis chez quatre délinquants sexuels suivis dans la collectivité (Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal), à la suite d’un traitement d’un an complété à l’Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal. Dans le but de comprendre les facteurs pouvant favoriser ce processus, nous avons étudié la manière dont ces différents facteurs se sont présentés chez les délinquants sexuels à l’étude et l’impact lié à la présence ou à l’absence de ces variables. L’analyse clinique du matériel obtenu a démontré, d’une part, que la généralisation des acquis est facilitée lorsque l’ensemble des besoins criminogènes sont des cibles de traitement et que, d’autre part, le délinquant est en mesure d’appliquer des stratégies cognitivo-comportementales plutôt que des techniques purement cognitives. Par ailleurs, la présence d’impulsivité et de problèmes individuels non stabilisés peut nuire au processus. Finalement, il est ressorti que la généralisation des acquis est plus facilement atteignable lorsque les variables identifiées comme étant propices à une réinsertion sociale réussie sont présentes dans le quotidien des délinquants. / In the field of sexual aggression, the generalization of therapeutic gains can be divided in two sections: the generalization that occurs in the course of the treatment and the generalization that is made after the return in the community. It has been demonstrated that the Cognitive-Behavioral Treatment Model, based on the principles of the Risk-Needs-Reponsivity Model, has the greatest impact on recidivism level. To be more specific, target criminogenic needs specifics to the offender and the type of strategies learned in treatment can influence the process of generalization of therapeutic gains. In the same way, the characteristics of the sexual aggressor also have a role to play. When considering the release period, taking into account and implementing some measures, such as the plan of social reintegration, social and individual needs, employability, accommodation and continuity of treatment help to maintain therapeutic gains. Consequently, this project aims to contribute to a better understanding of the phenomenon of the generalization of therapeutic gains by styding four sexual offenders during a follow-up in the community (Centre de psychiatrie légale de Montréal), after they received a one-year treatment at the Institut Philippe-Pinel de Montréal. With the aim of understanding factors that can facilitate this process, we studied how these factors were expressed by the sex offenders and the difference the presence or the absence of these variables. The clinical analysis of the results suggest on one hand that the generalization of therapeutic gains is facilitated when all criminogenic needs are addressed during treatment, and on the other hand when the sex offender has the capacity to apply cognitive-behavioral strategies instead of purely cognitive techniques. Besides, the presence of impulsiveness and non-stabilized individual problems can spoil the process. Finally, it came out that the generalization of therapeutic gains is easier when variables identified as being favourable to a successful social reintegration are part of the everyday life of the offenders.

L’indivision prend fin par le partage. Le partage substitue des droits privatifs à une propriétécollective sur un bien ou une masse de biens qui est fractionnée.L’indivision est présentée traditionnellement comme un état éphémère, mauvais, auquel il fautmettre fin. Des règles juridiques spécifiques au partage ont alors été mises en place ; lafiscalité de l’enregistrement a assuré l’accompagnement de ces règles.Aujourd’hui le partage se conçoit en valeur. Les règles du partage ont donc évolué.Cette évolution n’est pas appréhendée par le droit fiscal. Le traitement des soultes, desindemnités de réduction ou de rapport est parfois contestable.En outre, l’administration fiscale maintient encore la distinction entre partage pur et simple etavec soulte, distinction qui n’emporte aucune conséquence en droit civil et qui ne se justifieplus aujourd’hui.Le partage a un effet déclaratif et rétroactif. Chacun des attributaires est réputé avoir été seulpropriétaire du bien mis dans son lot.Le régime des plus-values des particuliers s’est calqué sur cette analyse qui par voie deconséquences, fait fi du partage et des soultes ou indemnités qui sont versées par l’attributairedu bien. L’analyse juridique du partage ignore l’aspect économique du partage.Quant à la fiscalité professionnelle, les règles sont complexes et disparates, pasnécessairement fondées sur l’analyse juridique ; le traitement fiscal du partage est alorsd’autant plus compliqué. / Joint possession ends through sharing. Sharing substitutes private rights to a collectiveownership over an asset or set of assets which is split.Joint possession is shown traditionally as a transient state, a bad state which must be ended.Legal regulations specific to sharing have subsequently been implemented; recorded taxationhas ensured that these regulations are supported.Today, sharing is conceivable as a value. Sharing regulations have therefore developed.This development is not apprehended by tax legislation. The processing of balances, reducedcompensation or reported compensation is sometimes disputable.In addition, the tax office still maintains the distinction between pure and simple sharing andsharing with a balance, a distinction which bears no consequence in civil law, and which is nolonger justified today.Sharing has a declarative and retroactive effect. Each one of the allottees is considered to havebeen the sole owner of the asset put into their lot.The individuals’ capital gains system is modelled on this analysis, which consequently,throws caution to the wind, and balances or compensation which are paid by the allottee of theasset. The legal analysis of the sharing ignores the economic aspect of the sharing.As regards taxation on work, the regulations are complex and disparate, not necessarily basedon the legal analysis; the tax processing of the sharing is then all the more complicated.

Thesis (MComm)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Kollektiewe Beleggingskemas in Effekte ("KBS in Effekte") en Kollektiewe Beleggingskemas in Eiendom ("KBS in Eiendom") is besigheidstrukture wat baie gewild is in Suid-Afrika. Desondanks bestaan daar nog heelwat onsekerhede rondom die belastinghantering van hierdie twee tipes Kollektiewe Beleggingskemas ("KBS"). Die Suid-Afrikaanse KBS industrie is In multi biljoen rand industrie hoofsaaklik as gevolg van die feit dat dit uitstekende beleggingsgeleenthede vir Jan en alleman asook groot finansiële instellings soos versekeraars bied. Dit is dus logies om te verwag dat die belastinghantering van KBS met redelike sekerheid gereguleer word. In KBS kan of as In trust opgerig word of as In oop beleggingsmaatskappy. Die belastinghantering van In KBS hang dus daarvan af of dit as In trust of oop beleggingsmaatskappy opgerig is. Die Inkomstebelastingwet No. 58 van 1962 ("die Inkomstebelastingwet") bevat inkomsteen kapitaalwinsbelastingbepalings wat uitdruklik die belastinghantering van KBS in Effekte en KBS in Eiendom reguleer ("die spesiale belastingreels"). In KBS in Effekte word vir belastingdoeleindes as In maatskappy beskou en so hanteer. Dit is nie maklik om vas te stel wat die wetgewer se onderliggende bedoeling was toe daar besluit is om In KBS in Effekte as In maatskappy te hanteer. Dit blyk wei dat hierdie besluit van die wetgewer nie deeglik deurdink is nie na aanleiding van die verskeie praktiese en teoretiese probleme wat met die belastinghantering van KBS in Effekte bestaan. Meeste van hierdie probleme is In direkte gevolg van die besluit om In KBS in Effekte vir belastingdoeleindes as In maatskappy te hanteer. Een die probleme wat in die konteks van KBS in Effekte bestaan hou verband met die vraag of die geleibuisbeginsel, wat bepaal dat inkomste wat deur In trust aan sy begunstigdes uitgekeer word hul aard en karakter behou, in die konteks van In KBS in Effekte (wat as In trust opgerig is) toepassing vind. Alhoewel die KBS in Effekte as In trust opgerig is, word dit vir belastingdoeleindes as 'n maatskappy hanteer en dit is duidelik dat die geleibuisbeginsel nie in die konteks van 'n maatskappy geld nie. Na oorweging van die regsaard van 'n KBS in Effekte wat as 'n trust opgerig is asook die gevolge van die vrystellingsbepalings in artikel 10 van die Inkomstebelastingwet wat ten opsigte van KBS in Efekte geld, word daar aan die hand gedoen dat die geleibuisbeginsel wei toepassing sal vind in die geval van 'n KBS in Effekte was as 'n trust opgerig is. Die gevolge van die vrystellingsbepalings in artikel 10 van die Inkomstebelastingwet is sodanig dat die inkomste wat die KBS in Effekte (wat as 'n trust opgerig is) aan sy begunstigdes uitkeer op dieselfde basis as die geleibuisbeginsel belas word. Gevolglik blyk dit of voorgenoemde standpunt van die skrywer in ooreenstemming met die bedoeling van die wetgewer is. Soortgelyke probleme kom voor in die konteks van die 'verbonde persoon' definisie in artikel 1 van die Inkomstebelastingwet sowel as die terugkoop van 'n deelnemende belang deur 'n KBS in Effekte, veral waar daardie KBS in Effekte as 'n trust opgerig is. Daarteenoor word 'n KBS in Eiendom nie as 'n maatskappy vir belastingdoeleindes hanteer nie. Indien "n KBS in Eiendom dus as 'n trust opgerig is word dit vir belastingdoeleindes soos "n trust hanteer. Ewe-eens, indien 'n KBS in Eiendom as "n oop beleggingsmaatskappy opgerig is, is dit vir aile doeleindes In maatskappy en sal so hanteer word vir belastingdoeleindes. Die belastinghantering van KBS in Eiendom bied ook sekere probleme veral waar die KBS in Eiendom wat as 'n oop beleggingsmaatskappy opgerig is sy aandele terugkoop. In hierdie verband bepaal die Wet op Beheer van Kollektiewe Beleggingskemas No. 45 van 2002 ("die Wet op Beheer van KBS") dat artikel 85 van die Maatskappywet No. 61 van 1973 ("die Maatskappywet") nie ten opsigte van 'n terugkoop van 'n deelnemende belang deur 'n oop beleggingsmaatskappy geld nie. Dit beteken egter nie dat 'n oop beleggingsmaatskappy nie sy eie aandele mag terugkoop nie. Vir belastingdoeleindes sal daar vasgestel moet word of bepalings in die Inkomstebelastingwet wat na artikel 85 van die Maatskappywet verwys, soos paragraaf (c) van die 'dividend' definisie, steeds met betrekking tot sodanige terugkoop toepassing sal vind siende dat die terugkoop nie ingevolge artikel 85 van die Maatskappywet gedoen word nie. Na oorweging van die wye omvang van paragraaf (c) van die 'dividend' definisie, word daar aan die hand gedoen dat paragraaf (c) van die 'dividend' definisie steeds toepassing sal vind om die terugkoop van aandele deur "n oop beleggingsmaatskappy te reguleer, nieteenstaande die feit dat artikel 85 van die Maatskappywet nie op die terugkoop van toepassing is nie. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Notwithstanding that Collective Investment Schemes in Securities ("CISS") and Collective Investment Schemes in Property ("CISP") are common business vehicles in the South African economy, there remains uncertainty with regard to the tax treatment of these business structures. The South African Collective Investment Scheme ("CIS") industry is a multibillion rand industry as it offers attractive investment vehicles for the general public as well as for big financial institutions such as insurers. One would therefore think that the tax treatment thereof would be fairly tightly regulated. A CISS and CISP may either be constituted as a trust or as an open ended investment company ("OEIC"). The tax treatment of a CIS differs depending on whether it is constituted as a trust or as an OEIC. The Income Tax Act No. 58 of 1962 ("the Income Tax Act") contains specific income tax and capital gains tax provisions that regulates the tax treatment of CISS and CISP (the "special tax provisions"). For tax purposes, a CISS is deemed to be a company and treated as such. It is difficult to ascertain what the intention of the legislature was in deciding to treat a CISS as a company. It does however seem as if this decision was not thoroughly considered by the legislature based on the fact that the application of the special tax provisions to CISS presents many practical and theoretical problems. Most of these problems are directly attributable to the legislature's decision to treat CISS as companies for tax purposes. For example, one difficulty relates to the question whether the conduit pipe principle, which determines that income distributed by a trust during a year of assessment will retain its nature and character, will find application in respect of a CISS constituted as a trust. For although the CISS is constituted as a trust, it is deemed to be company for tax purposes and it is clear that the conduit pipe principle cannot find application in the instance of a company. However, considering the legal nature of a CISS constituted as a trust, as well as the effect of the exemption provisions in section 10 of the Income Tax Act relating to CISS, it is submitted that the conduit pipe principle will find application in respect of a CISS constituted as a trust. The effect of the exemption provisions is such that the income distributed by a CISS to its investors will be taxed on the same basis as if the conduit pipe principle applied. As such, the aforementioned submission also appears to be in accordance with the intention of legislator. Similar difficulties arise in the context of the 'connected person' definition in section 1 of the Income Tax Act as well as the repurchase of a participatory interest by a CISS, especially where such CISS is constituted as a trust. Contrary to a CISS, a CISP is not deemed to be a company for tax purposes. Thus, where the CISP is constituted as a trust, it will be treated as a trust for tax purposes. By the same token, if the CISP is constituted as an OEIC, it will be a company for all intends and purposes and will therefore be treated as such. The tax treatment of CISP also presents difficulties, especially where it is constituted as an OEIC. In the instance of a repurchase of a participatory interest by a CISP constituted as a OEIC, the Collective Investment Schemes Control Act 45 of 2002 ("CISCA") states that the provisions of section 85 of the Companies Act 61 of 1973 (lithe Companies Act"), does not apply in respect of such repurchase. However, that does not mean that an OEIC may not repurchase its own shares. For tax purposes, one will have to determine whether the provisions in the Income Tax Act relating to section 85 of the Companies Act that governs the repurchase of shares by an OEIC, such as paragraph (c) of the 'dividend income' definition, will still apply to determine the tax consequences of the repurchase. After considering the wide scope of paragraph (c) of the 'dividend' definition, it is submitted that paragraph (c) of the 'dividend' definition will still find application in respect of a repurchase of shares by a OEIC, notwithstanding the fact that the repurchase is not effected in terms of section 85 of the Companies Act.

Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2009. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: One of the first labour reforms introduced by the then newly elected democratic government of South Africa was the introduction of statutory workplace forums. This ground-breaking chapter in the 1995 Labour Relations Act outlined the first legally mandated form of workplace participation, beyond the sphere of the collective bargaining arena. To date, however, the provisions of the Act which govern workplace forums have been subjected to criticism by both labour and business alike, as well as from academics. The sad reality is that there has been a minimal uptake in the establishment of these forums in the 13 years since the provisions of the Act came into force. This research report has delved into the reasons for this resistance, from the side of both labour and business. The multitude of reasons that exist have been grouped under a series of headings that have then allowed the writer to focus on finding factors that would facilitate the establishment of statutory workplace forums. In considering the factors that would facilitate the enhanced uptake and establishment of workplace forums, the research has guided the writer towards the implementation process per se, in particular the attitudinal and mind-set factors that are required as pre-requisites before the more legislatively focussed aspects of the implementation cycle should be undertaken. While there are no doubt valid concerns with several of the clauses in the legislative provisions, in the opinion of the writer these are not the predominant reasons for the failure of the workplace forum vehicle. The adversarial mindset that still exists between business and labour, as well as the worldviews and consequences that stem from such a mindset, has been the largest obstacle in the establishment of workplace forums. Until both parties, and the broader South African society within which all businesses exist, are able to make the fundamental shift from “win or lose” to “mutual gains through co-operation” the workplace forum vehicle will not be implemented, and the drive to further workplace participation will not be successful. The writer has suggested various changes that should be made to the legislation, and processes that should be put in place to start to lay the foundations upon which the workplace forum model can later be built up on. AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Statutêre werkplekforums was een van die eerste arbeidshervormings wat deur die destyds nuut verkose demokratiese regering van Suid-Afrika bekend gestel is. Hierdie baanbrekershoofstuk in die Wet op Arbeidsverhoudinge van 1995 het die eerste vorm van werkplekdeelname met ’n regsmandaat buite die sfeer van die kollektiewe bedingingsarena uiteengesit. Die bepalings van die Wet wat op werkplekforums gerig is, is egter tot dusver aan kritiek deur arbeid, die sakesektor en akademici blootgestel. Die hartseer werklikheid is dat daar in die 13 jaar sedert die bepalings van die Wet in werking getree het ’n minimale opname in die vestiging van hierdie forums was. Hierdie navorsingsverslag verken die redes vir hierdie weerstand uit die oogpunt van arbeid sowel as besigheid. Die talle redes wat bestaan is saamgegroepeer onder verskillende opskrifte wat die skrywer in staat gestel het om faktore te vind wat die vestiging van statutêre werkplekforums fasiliteer. Wanneer daar gekyk word na die faktore wat die sterker opname en vestiging van werkplekforums kan fasiliteer, lei die navorsing die skrywer na die implementeringsproses op sigself. By die implementeringsproses is dit veral faktore soos houding en ingesteldheid wat as voorvereistes nodig is voordat daar aandag geskenk kan word aan aspekte van die implementeringsiklus wat meer op wetgewing gerig is. Hoewel daar ongetwyfeld geldige kommer oor verskeie van die klousules in die wetgewende bepalings is, is dit volgens die skrywer se mening nie die vernaamste redes vir die mislukking van die werkplekforummedium nie. Die antagonistiese ingesteldheid wat steeds tussen besigheid en arbeid bestaan sowel as die wêreldbeskouings en gevolge wat uit sodanige ingesteldheid spruit, is die grootste struikelblok in die vestiging van werkplekforums. Die werkplekforummedium kan slegs geïmplementeer word en die veldtog om werkplekdeelname te versterk kan net slaag indien albei partye, en die groter Suid-Afrikaanse samelewing waarin alle besighede bedryf word, ’n wesenlike skuif kan maak van “wen of verloor” na “gesamentlike voordele deur samewerking”. Die skrywer stel voor dat wetgewing verander word en dat prosesse geïmplementeer word om te begin om die grondslag te lê vir die bou van die werkplekforummodel.

Thesis (MBA)--Stellenbosch University, 2002. / ENGLISH ABSTRACT: After many years of speculation about the possible introduction of a capital gains tax in South Africa, the tax is finally with us. Coming on top of the move to a residence basis of taxation, the introduction of the capital gains tax will impose a massive burden on the limited, skilled administrative recourses available to taxpayers and the SARS alike. Amongst investors and even some professional financial advisors such as auditors and attorneys there still is confusion and not a lack of knowledge on CGT. Appropriate planning and structuring is seldom performed. The potential CGT liability escalates every year depending on the growth rate of the particular asset. CGT will therefor be an unavoidable and growing problem for investors. Planning for the CGT goes hand in hand with estate planning and requires decisions to be taken now. The purpose is to position and structure your portfolio to avoid or reduce future tax liability (CGT and estate duty). In this study an Excel program was developed in order to calculate CGT. The model (Estate Advisor) also has a decision function and can calculate and predict future CGT liability. The purpose of the model is to test the result of a range of decisions and assumptions quickly and accurately. This enables the investor to decide on entities and structures that would best suit his situation given the assets under his control. The Estate Advisor is a tool for producing different scenarios of future situations regarding CGT and estate duty. It helps the investor to investigate and consider different options regarding his investments with regard to CGT. / AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Na baie jare van onsekerheid en gissings omtrent die moontlike implementering van Kapitaalwinsbelasting in Suid-Afrika, is hierdie belasting finaal geïmplementeer deur die SAID. Die implementering van KWB val saam met die verskuiwing na "verblyf' as "bron" van inkomstebelasting. Tesame sal dit groot druk uitoefen op die beperkte administratiewe bronne wat aan die belasingbetaler en die SAID beskikbaar is. Tussen gewone beleggers en selfs ook tussen sommige professionele finansiële adviseurs (ouditeure en prokureurs) heers daar in 'n groot mate onsekerheid en onkundigheid met betrekking tot KWB. Die probleem is dat 'n ferm basis van kennis van KWB benodig word om in staat te wees om die berekeninge te doen. 'n Gevolg van hierdie situasie is dat dringend benodigde aandag nie altyd aan beleggers geskenk word nie. Die potensiële KWB aanspreeklikheid eskaleer elke jaar met die betrokke groeikoers van die onderliggende bate. KWB is dus 'n onafwendbare en groeiende realiteit vir beleggers. Die beplanning vir toekomstige KWB gaan hand aan hand met beplanning vir boedelbelasting doeleindes. Die doel is om die belegger se portefeulje te posisioneer en struktureer sodat toekomstige belastingaanspreeklikheid (KWB en boedelbelasting) beperk kan word. In hierdie tesis is 'n eenvoudige Excel model ontwerp om KWB en boedelbelasting te bereken. Die model doen al die berekeninge en haal dus die las van die belegger af om oor detail kennis van KWB te beskik. Die model (Estate Advisor) het ook 'n besluitnemingsfunksie waar die belegger verskillende opsies kan oorweeg en toets. Die model word gebruik om toekomstige KWB te voorspel en bereken. Dit stel die belegger in staat om besluite te maak omtrent entiteite en strukture wat in sy situasie die gepaste antwoord sal wees. Die model moet nie gesien word as 'n instrument om beleggingsbesluite te neem nie en dit kan nie keuses uitoefen tussen verskillende beleggingsbates nie. Die doel van die model is uitsluitlik om die effek van verskillende besluite en aannames te vinnig en akkuraat te bereken. Dit dien as hulpmiddel vir die beplan van KWB en boedelbelasting wat in die toekoms betaal moet word. Die Estate Advisor is 'n instrument vir die produsering van verskillende scenarios van toekomstige situasies met betrekking tot KWB en boedelbelasting. Dit help die belegger om verskillende opsies te oorweeg en die beste beleggingsbesluit te maak.