Reports from various institutions claim that garbage management in Rwanda has had diverse effectson both the natural environment and human society. Such claims prompted for an exploratory study to find outan optimal system to handle solid waste in Kigali City.The study considered a literature review and primary data from 400 randomly selected citizens. They weresurveyed about their opinions on which system they perceived to be the optimal to handle garbage in KigaliCity. The computer software Web-Hipre was used to analyze data on the three systems considered to handlesolid waste in Rwanda: briquetting, composting, and incineration.The results indicate briquetting as the optimal alternative to handle solid waste from homesteads and workplacesof Kigali City. Briquetting considers production of solid fuels that may reduce destruction of forests for fuel.Other major reasons for briquetting, highlighted by respondents, include improved kitchen hygiene andsanitation and replacement of charcoal for a less dusty fuel.Economic factors governed surveyed participants to prioritise briquetting system to handle solid waste in Kigali.Composting may be considered for transforming organic materials into mulch to support farming activities inrural areas as well as gardening in the towns. However, a centralised incineration system is presently notsuitable. The private sector has so far not fully been engaged in the transformation of solid waste into bioenergyin Rwanda.

Consumption composites is a project in which I want to reflect about the concept of recycling, to explore the idea of a society result of recycling, to see if it could be helpful to think in it in another way.   I explore the act of recycling as a statement, as a discourse not as a solution for industrial production waste, the relation between the semiotics of the discarded material and the recycled resulting piece but most the interaction between these two and the final user/ spectator[1]. By looking at the soprum[2] is possible to see estrange combinations for instance baby pap packages with liquor bottles, political propaganda together with brochures advertising winter sports, a table with beer cans and a painting it. It is a composition in itself is a sort of collage where all possible come together. I found inspiring how waste could be classified from one criterion but mixed in other criteria like the cultural and semiotic one. Although there are differences between neighborhoods and municipalities, the half-ton of garbage produced by a Swedish citizen per year is classified by if the material could be recycled, composted, burn, landfilled or if it is hazardous for the environment or humans[3]. I put the waste together in order to create structures that further on could be used to build either furniture or spaces. I worked only with materials that were classified in the same category for instance newspapers or uncolored glass, keeping as much as possible the original form of the existing material in order to be able to see their original meaning or purpose. I noticed that the material transform to something new while keeping some of their form and semiotic properties when it is covered with a sort of layer. Something that reminds me the landfill, where the material is buried and then it is a new beginning but there is some transformation in the landscape that never would be the same. This is more an intervention in the materials in their way to their following step either landfill, recycling, burn or compost. The form and statement is the result of consumption from Stockholm where the material was collected and my own aesthetic intentions. [1](Debord, 1994) [2]Soprum: Swedish word for “garbage room” there are several versions of it but it is basically a room where the garbage can be sorted in different bins. [3]Avfall Sverige – Swedish Waste Management, was founded in 1947. It is a stakeholder and trade association in the field of waste management and recycling. / <p>The full version contain an image is only for the archive because it contain a picture without copyright</p>

This report details the design of a garbage collection (GC) module, which introduces modern GC features to the domain of embedded implementations. The described design supports weak references and feeds reference queues. Its architecture allows multiple concurrent application cores operating as mutators on the shared memory managed by the GC module. The garbage collection is exact and fully concurrent so as to enable the uninterrupted computational progress of the mutators. It combines a distributed root marking with a centralized heap scan of the managed memory. It features a novel mark-and-copy GC strategy on a segmented memory, which thereby overcomes both the tremendous space overhead of two-space copying and the compaction race of mark-and-compact approaches. The proposed GC architecture has been practically implemented and proven using the embedded bytecode processor SHAP as a sample testbed. The synthesis results for settings up to three SHAP mutator cores are given and online functional measurements are presented. Basic performance dependencies on the system configuration are evaluated.

Varje år ökar avfallsmängden och användningen av naturens resurser vilket gör att återvinning blir en viktig del för ett hållbart samhälle. Årligen dumpas mer än 6,4 miljoner ton plast i haven från fartyg. Den 1 januari 2013 skärptes regelverket MARPOL för att minska mängden avfall som slängs i havet. Mot denna bakgrund har syftet med studien varit att undersöka hur motivationen att sortera kan påverkas av antalet avfallsfraktioner i hamnarna. En kvalitativ metod med sju intervjuer har använts. Resultatet visar att antalet fraktioner inte är det viktigaste för att öka återvinningen. Studien visar också att det saknas en standard i hamnarna. Tillgänglighet, närhet och att det är enkelt att lämna avfallet framkommer som de viktigaste faktorerna. / Every year the amount of garbage and the use of natural resources increases which makes recycling an important subject for a sustainable society. Yearly more than 6,4 million tons of plastic is dumped into the oceans from ships. From the 1st of January 2013 MARPOL regulation got stricter to decrease the discharge of garbage into the sea. Against this background the purpose of this study has been to examine how the motivation to recycle can be effected of the number of garbage fractions in the ports. A qualitative method has been used and seven interviews were conducted. The result shows that the number of fractions is not the most important factor to increase recycling. The study also shows that there is no standard in the ports. Accessibility, proximity and that it is easy to carry out emerges as the main factors.

This research began as a quest to better understand the relationships between marginalized communities, facilitators, and not-for-profit organizations, or NGO’s, in a specific Theatre for Development (TfD) process. When a TfD project that engaged and positively impacted the lives of Egyptian young garbage pickers was discontinued by the funding NGO, the researcher, who was the group’s theatre facilitator, set out to find solutions to this disempowering process. Initially, this research was created to explore how to pass on the skills of practicing theatre to marginalized communities, as a means for them to claim the process, practicing it independently of NGOs and facilitators. This initial inquiry then evolved to encompass exploring effective methods of TfD practice, where the question then became: What are the conditions that provide empowerment and autonomy for marginalized communities in the TfD context? Using Narrative Inquiry the researcher recalls her experience working with the garbage pickers in one of the biggest slums in the world, Mokkatam City, in Cairo. The narrative is used to question the choices made by both the facilitators and NGOs which ultimately compromised an otherwise life changing experience for the young community. The researcher then employs Action Research to outline a community-based participatory project carried out with a group of immigrant and refugee youth in Victoria, Canada. The study traced the progression of the three action research stages carried out to find ways of using TfD to empower this vulnerable community. The documentation of this project was completed using Reflective Practitioner Case Study which enabled the researcher to reflect on her practice with the aim of improving her approach through critical analysis. The findings of this research do not support the researcher’s initial hypothesis that the development of theatre skills will enable the community to function independently of outside support. Instead, through the careful examination of the experiences of the young participants in the slums of Cairo, and the immigrant and refugee communities in Canada, this research points to the importance of TfD integrating the celebration of life and the development of relationships as part of its process of enriching the experience of marginalized communities. This finding, together with an examination of the notion of sustainability redefines the place of the exit strategy through the ways in which the immigrant participants of the latter phases of the study, chose to integrate the benefits of TfD practice into their lives. / Graduate

Thesis (M.A.)--Indiana University, 2008. / Title from screen (viewed on June 1, 2009). Department of History, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI). Advisor(s): Annie Gilbert Coleman, Robert G. Barrows, Jason M. Kelly. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 152-165).

Thesis (M.S.)--School of Advanced Air and Space Studies, 2008. / "June 2008." Vita. Includes bibliographical references (p. 102-108). Also available via the Internet.

Thesis (M.A.)--Miami University, Dept. of Geography, 2005. / Title from first page of PDF document. Document formatted into pages; contains [1], v, 53 p. : ill. Includes bibliographical references (p. 50-53).

<p>Vi ville, i och med denna uppsats, ge en beskrivning av de problem och konflikter som kan</p><p>uppstå mellan fartyg, hamn och kommun gällande deras källsorteringssystem då tydliga regler</p><p>för detta saknas. Studien utfördes med syftet att beskriva problemen utifrån de olika</p><p>aktörernas perspektiv.</p><p>Metoden som vi använde oss av var en kvalitativ studie med ett antal halvstrukturerade</p><p>intervjuer. Vi valde denna metod eftersom den lämpar sig bäst för det valda ämnet då det inte</p><p>finns mycket litteratur att stödja sig på.</p><p>Resultatet vi kom fram till visade sig vara som väntat, ett befintligt problem som alla de</p><p>inblandade aktörerna upplevt. Det som överraskade oss mest var att problemen hade en</p><p>betydligt större omfattning än vad vi trott från början. Det som alla aktörerna påpekade var att</p><p>problemen med källsortering måste uppmärksammas och med tiden lösas på ett, för alla</p><p>inblandade parter, smidigt sätt.</p> / <p>With this thesis, we would like to present the problems that might arise, for vessels, ports and</p><p>municipalities, due to the fact that there are no rules regulating the interaction between vessels</p><p>and shoreside garbage management. The problem will be described from the different</p><p>participants’ point of view.</p><p>The method used in this thesis, is based on a qualitative study where different interviews have</p><p>been made. We elected this method because it is best suited for the purpose of the chosen</p><p>subject. The result will mostly be based on material from interviews since there is only a</p><p>limited amount of literature to refer to.</p><p>Our result point to, as was expected, an existing problem. The extent of the problem was not</p><p>clear to us in the beginning of the study, but as the process went along we quickly became</p><p>aware of the proportions of the problem. All participants’ have pointed out the importance of</p><p>drawing attention to the problem and hopefully finding a solution.</p>

Thesis (doctoral)--Universität Bielefeld, 2004. / Includes bibliographical references (p. 193-201).