Aim: The aim of the study is to investigate how social enterprises can use social marketing for image building, and changing behaviors in the society.   Methodology: A qualitative method was used, based on 10 interviews from two social enterprises in Gavle. The data was collected through face-to-face, and email interviews Results and Conclusions: The study explored that social enterprises are focused on relationship marketing and more people oriented. Major social marketing components they are using are word of mouth, networking, online presence, and awareness campaigns. Suggestions for Future Work: A quantitative study can be conducted in order to have in depth analysis from targeted audience point of view. Furthermore, research can also be conducted by asking target audience the importance of relations in social causes, and by including networks such as cooperation with other companies of social enterprises, or donors. Contribution of Thesis: This study contributes on three levels, theoretical, managerial and societal. Theoretically this study adds to the ongoing research in social marketing and social enterprises as it combines the both. Additionally this study also indicates that social marketing is focused on relational aspects of marketing. On the societal level this study shows how social marketing affects people by changing their behaviors. Managerial contribution refers to the fact that social marketing is an important tool, since many social enterprises are on the rise, so social marketing can be used in order to get more fruitful results in the social cause oriented businesses.

In a time where energy efficiency and saving measures are becoming more common terms in the energy industry, it is necessary to examine the district heating networks. One of the possible measures for efficient district heating is low-temperature secondary system. This thesis examines the potential benefits available with low temperature secondary heating systems versus conventional primary connections by comparing simulated models with the data collected from existing secondary system. The simulated cases in the report is modeled, calculated and simulated in the software NetSim. The results of the simulations demonstrated a reduced power requirement for the low temperature system with 4.8 kW, which approximately is a decreasing of 6 %. Heat losses from the simulated models turn out to be lower than the actual operating systems as a result of increased temperatures in the network. The difference between the simulated and real operating systems can therefore be useful in future projects for validation. Something that can be seen is that the line density of the secondary networks often is below what is considered as a profitable expansion. This does however not mean that secondary systems should not be built, as more aspects of a low temperature secondary system may be of interest to energy companies. The price models for secondary heat networks that were investigated differ, which could indicate that the market for secondary heat in district heating systems is young and under development. / I en tid där energieffektiviseringar och besparingsåtgärder blir allt mer aktuella begrepp inom energibranschen finns det anledning att undersöka fjärrvärmenäten. En av de tänkbara åtgärderna för effektivare fjärrvärmenät är lågtempererade sekundärsystem. Detta examensarbete undersöker vilka eventuella fördelar som finns med lågtempererade sekundära värmesystem kontra konventionella primäranslutningar, genom att jämföra simulerade modeller med insamlad data från befintliga sekundärsystem. De simulerade fallen i rapporten är modellerade, beräknade och simulerade i programvaran NetSim. I resultatet från simuleringarna påvisas ett minskat effektbehov för de lågtempererade systemet med 4,8 kW, vilket motsvarar en sänkning med ungefär 6 %. Värmeförlusterna från de simulerade modellerna visar sig vara lägre än de faktiska driftfallen till följd av ökade temperaturer i näten. Just skillnaden mellan de simulerade och verkliga driftfallen kan därför bli användbara vid framtida projekt för att validera projekteringen. Något som också kan utläsas är att linjetätheten (levererad MWh/meter kulvertledning) för de sekundära näten ofta understiger vad som anses som en lönsam utbyggnad, det betyder dock inte att sekundära system ej bör byggas, då fler aspekter av ett lågtempererat sekundärnät är av intresse för energibolagen. De prismodeller för sekundärvärme som undersökts skiljer sig åt vilket skulle kunna indikera att marknaden för sekundärvärme är ung och under utveckling.

Aim: The aim of this study is to determine the factors that may influence the purchasing behaviour of the students of the University of Gavle with regards to green products. This study aims to answer the question if the following factors such as: gender of the students, price of the green product, level of green awareness and the green behaviour of the students and whether they have a significant difference with the purchasing behaviour of the students. Design/methodology/approach: The framework is structured on the bases of examining the correlation between the following variables, green behaviour, gender, level of green awareness of the respondents and the price of the product with regards to the purchase of green products. Data was collected via randomly distributed questionnaires and an online survey. SPSS version 22.0 was used to analyse the results of the questionnaires through correlation analysis and linear regression analysis. Findings: Our findings show that the genders of the respondents, level of green awareness and the green behaviour have a significant, positive influence on their purchase behaviour, whilst the price of the green product has a negative influence on the purchasing behaviour of the students of the University of Gavle. Limitations and Suggestions for further research: The limitations of the study were the time, size of the sample group as well as the language of the questionnaire. To enhance the representation of the sample, future research should aim at targeting a larger sample group and a wider variety of variables should be examined. Originality: The study examines a variety of factors other than the green awareness of the respondent, that influences the purchasing behaviour of the respondents and this information could provide important results for companies when it comes to marketing a green product.

This is a qualitative study that explores elderly Syrian immigrants’ experiences of using smartphones for information and social interaction during the coronavirus pandemic in Gavle, Sweden. The sample used in this study consists of five elderly Syrian immigrants from Gavle city. The data was collected through five semi-structured online interviews; the social capital theory was used together with previous research to analyze the results. The results show that the use of smartphones had a very important role in the social interaction of Syrian immigrants during the Coronavirus pandemic. The use of smartphones during the Coronavirus crisis reduced the negative effects of the social distancing policy, facilitated communication and interactions with family and friends, and communication with health and social services. Moreover, smartphones are a renewed source of scientific information regarding the Coronavirus pandemic worldwide. The results of this study show some simple challenges faced by this sample of elderly Syrian immigrants while using smartphones for social interactions.

The construction of dams and hydro-power stations are some of the most common anthropogenic changes of watercourses and rivers. While being important to humans and society by providing electricity, these obstructions of watercourses can have severe consequences for the aquatic ecosystems. One consequence is that dams often hinder the important movement of migrating fish species between habitats. This can lead to decline and even extinction of important fish populations. To prevent these negative effects, a number of different fish passage systems, including nature-like fishways, have been developed. Nature-like fishways mimic natural streams in order to function as a natural corridor for a wide range of species. Planning and construction of a nature-like fishway is a complex task that often involves many different interests. In the present study a combination of multi-criteria decision analysis and least-cost path analysis is used for determining the best location for a nature-like fishway past Strömdalen dam in Gavleån, Sweden. An anisotropic least-cost path algorithm is applied on a friction-layer and a digital elevation model, and the least-cost path for a nature-like fishway is determined. The results show that the method is useful in areas of varying topography and steep slopes. However, because low slope is a very important factor when constructing a nature-like fishway, slope becomes the dominating factor in this analysis at the expense of e.g. distance to roads. Combining the methods with results from biological studies of fish behavior and detailed hydrological modelling would provide a very strong tool for the planning of nature-like fishways.

When an energy simulation is performed for buildings it generates in lower energy consumption than what is later measured. This can often be a problem because of the building regulations which have requirements on the specific energy consumption. What distinguishes the newly built care and nursing accommodation Furugården, the building that the study deals with, is that it is differs from the normal case by having a lower measured energy consumption than what was originally planned. This study aims to find out which parts of the building's technical systems and residents' behavior that contributes to the low energy demand by means of the building energy simulation program BV2, a survey and monitored energy consumption. It can be concluded that the users' behavior has a great impact on the building's low energy consumption. Their behaviors were determined by surveys. It is mainly the low hot tap water usage that contributes to the low energy.