Introduction : Les pays arabes du Moyen-Orient qui ont une prédominance de population jeune ont connu des changements socio-économiques rapides, une instabilité et une transition épidémiologique. Dans ces pays, la mortalité due aux maladies cardiovasculaires (MCV) représente 45% des décès, en Palestine, elle est estimée à 30,3% en 2018. De plus, le fardeau des facteurs de risque est inquiétant : un quart de la population Arabe adulte est hypertendue, le tabagisme dépasse 30 % chez les hommes, l'obésité est particulièrement alarmante chez les femmes et 9,2 % des adultes sont atteints du diabète. Très peu d'études en population général sur les MCV ont été menées dans ces pays. Méthodes : En 2017, une étude transversale utilisant un échantillon de grappes stratifiées a été menée conformément à l'approche STEP de l'OMS. Un échantillon de 2240 participants âgés de ≥25 ans ont participé à l'étude. Résultats : La prévalence de la maladie coronarienne est de 8,3 %, AVC est de 3,0 %, l'hypertension artérielle est retrouvée avec une prévalence de 28,4 %, le diabète 19,1 % et l'obésité 47,8 % (60% chez les femmes). L’artériopathie oblitérante des membres inférieurs (AOMI) est observé avec une prévalence de 13,7 %. La prévalence augmente avec l'âge. Elle est plus élevée chez les femmes que chez les hommes (15,6% vs 11,6% respectivement). L'hypertension artérielle et le diabète sont les facteurs associés les plus importants. Le syndrome métabolique est présent avec une prévalence de 41 % plus élevé chez les femmes que chez les hommes (50 % vs 39 %) et associé de façon significative à toutes les maladies cardiovasculaires. Conclusion : Selon ces données, la situation dans la bande de Gaza est alarmante, les efforts et la recherche de stratégies visant à réduire le risque cardiovasculaire sont souhaitables. / Introduction: Arab Middle East Countries which have a predominance of young population have undergone rapid socioeconomic changes, instability and epidemiologic transition. In these countries cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality accounts for 45% of deaths, in Palestine it was estimated up to 30.3% in 2018. Also, the burden of risk factors is worrying; one quarter of adult population was hypertensives, tobacco smoking exceeds 30% in males, obesity is alarming mainly in females, and 9.2% of adults are living with diabetes. Very few community-based on CVD studies were conducted in these countries. Methods: In 2017 a cross-sectional study using stratified cluster sample, was conducted in accordance with WHO’s STEP wise. A sample of 2240 participants aged ≥25 years participated in the study. Results: The prevalence of CAD is 8.3%, stroke 3.0%, hypertension is found with a prevalence of 28.4%, diabetes19.1% and obesity 47.8% with higher rate in females (60%). Lower extremity artery disease (LEAD) is found with a prevalence of 13.7%. The prevalence increased with age and is higher in females than in males (respectively15.6% vs 11.6%). Hypertension and diabetes are the most significant associated factors with LEAD. Metabolic syndrome is present with a prevalence of 41% higher in females than males (50% vs 39%) and it is significantly associated with all cardiovascular conditions. Conclusion: According to these data the situation in Gaza strip is alarming, effort and research to monitor and improve strategies and policies for reducing cardiovascular risk are mandatory

Essa dissertação tem como proposta analisar o desenvolvimento do colonialismo português, com seus avanços e retrocessos, e entender como a formação de uma ordem política africana, centralizada e autônoma, se contrapôs às iniciativas efetivas de colonização portuguesa no sul de Moçambique em 1895. Após a Conferência de Berlim (1884-1885), acirraram-se as disputas pelos territórios africanos e a posse da província de Moçambique viu-se seriamente ameaçada pelo interesse britânico e por seu projeto expansionista de ligar o Cairo ao Cabo. Nesse contexto, o anseio britânico em anexar o sul de Moçambique, escoadouro natural de toda a produção da África do Sul, nessa época uma colônia inglesa, resultou no envio de representantes ao poder que parecia desafiar e sobrepor ao de Portugal na região - o do Reino de Gaza. Diante da ameaça crescente à posse da província, o governo português reuniu esforços concentrados enviando as tropas encarregadas de subjugar o Reino de Gaza e garantir a ocupação efetiva desse território. A pesquisa percorreu o período entre 1821 e 1897 que, submetido à análise, fornece as bases necessárias à compreensão de como a presença portuguesa passou de acuada a ofensiva e de como o movimento migratório nguni no começo do século XIX gerou um Reino africano soberano capaz de ameaçar a posse de Moçambique por Portugal. O objetivo é compreender como, em conjunto, esses processos desenvolveram-se, modificaram-se mutuamente e engendraram transformações profundas tanto para os projetos portugueses como para as populações africanas dessa área. / This dissertation thesis proposes to analyze the development of the Portuguese colonialism and its advances and setbacks and to understand how the formation of a centralized and autonomous political order in Africa opposed to effective initiatives of the Portuguese colonization in the south of Mozambique in 1895. After the Conference of Berlin (1884-1885), disputes for African territories were reinforced and the possession of the province of Mozambique was strongly threatened by the British interest of linking Cairo to Cape Town. In that specific context, the British longing to attach the south of Mozambique, \"natural\" outflow for the whole South African production, at that time, an English possession, had as a result the sending of representatives who seemed to match or even overcome their Portuguese counterparts in the region, that is to say, in the kingdom of Gaza. Facing the growing threat of losing their control over the area, the Portuguese government gathered their military resources, sending them in order to subjugate the kingdom of Gaza and guarantee the effective occupation of that area. This research covered the period from 1821 to 1897 that, submitted to analysis, supplies the necessary basis to the understanding of how the Portuguese presence went from defensive to offensive and how the Nguni migratory flow in the beginning of the 19th century generated an African sovereign kingdom capable of representing a threat to the Portuguese possession of Mozambique. The objective of this study is to understand how, as a whole, those processes mutually unfolded and transformed themselves and also how they represented deep transformations in both the Portuguese projects and the life of the African populations in that area.

The thesis analyzes how conflict has politicized education in Gaza by exploring the many direct and indirect effects that both the internal and external conflicts have on education and detailing the parallel, mutually reinforcing development of education and Palestinian nationalism.

Ce travail de thèse porte sur l’édition, la traduction et le commentaire de la Description du Tableau représentant le monde par Jean de Gaza. Ce poème de sept cent trente-deux vers (29 trimètres iambiques et 703 hexamètres) écrit en grec est datable de la première moitié du VIe siècle. La nouvelle édition s’appuie non seulement sur l’examen du témoin principal, le Parisinus Suppl. gr. 384, mais aussi sur la mise en perspective des copies apographes et des éditions anciennes. La traduction, en français, est le premier travail de ce type proposé dans une langue moderne. Les notes ont pour finalité d’aider la compréhension de la lettre du texte. Le commentaire, quant à lui, s’organise autour de deux thèmes : d’une part la relation entre la Description rhétorique et l’iconographie qui peut lui être associée, de l’autre des considérations sur la poétique de Jean de Gaza à travers l’étude littéraire, intertextuelle et philosophique du poème. Les Annexes comportent un lexique, la scansion intégrale du poème, les illustrations, la bibliographie, les indices et tables et la table des matières. / The aim of the present doctoral dissertation is to edit, translate and comment the Description of the Depiction of the World by John of Gaza. One can date this seven hundred and thirty two verses poem (29 trimetres and 703 hexametres) written in Greek to the first part of the VIth Century A.D. The new edition of the poem relies on studying the main manuscript (Parisinus Suppl. gr. 384) as well as considering the apograph copies and the ancient editions. The translation into French is the first work of that type ever offered in any modern language.The notes help the direct understanding of the text. The commentary is divided according to two prospective: first, the relation between the rhetorical Description and the associated iconography, second, some considerations about John of Gaza’s Poetic through the literary, intertextual and philosophical study of his poem. The Annexes contain a lexicon, the integral scansion of the poem, illustrations, bibliography, indices and tables and the general table of contents.

This thesis will study the development of the Palestinian women's movement in the West Bank and Gaza Strip from the Mandate period (1920) to the outbreak of the Al Aqsa Intifada (2000). This work will attempt to outline the evolution of this movement and the impact of two factors that have significantly affected the form and course of its development; the first of which and the principal force is Palestinian Nationalism; the second is Islamism. / Nationalism and Islamism are presented here as two formations that functioned separately and in conjunction to present impediments to the ability of an independent Palestinian women's movement to develop and implement a social feminist agenda aimed at establishing gender equality and ensuring women's legal and political rights within Palestinian society.

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During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

During the 2008-2009 War on Gaza between Hamas and Israel, the Arab and American media published various sensational images of this terrorist event. The purpose of this thesis is to investigate and examine the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images when covering a terrorist event perpetuated by the Other. The thesis draws on Aristotle’s theory of communication and virtue theory (fourth century B.C.), William James’s theory of truth (1907), as well as on contemporary theories, approaches and concepts in order to provide a philosophical and theoretical foundation of ethical publication of sensational images. As well, it looks into various definitions of terrorism, analyzes the Arab and American media codes of ethics, and benefits from relevant decision-making models. It has, therefore, established a theoretical model contingent to the terrorist event at stake – The Sensational Image of Terrorism Ethical Decision-Making Model (SITE-DMM). The thesis methodologically utilizes a qualitative comparative content analysis research design, analyzing a purposive sample of 144 sensational images from three Arab online media (Al-Ahram newspaper, Electronic Intifada, and Al-Jazeera.net TV); and three American online media (The New York Times newspaper, San Francisco Sentinel.com, and CNN.com TV) in order to examine the ethicality of publishing sensational images about this terrorist event in both the Arab and American media. Following a systematic analysis, guided by the suggested theoretical model – SITE-DMM, the findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the ethicality of the Arab and American sensational images during the coverage of the 2008-2009 War on Gaza.

Magister Legum - LLM / The Palestinian government made an ad hoc declaration accepting the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court in 2009. Three years later, the Office of the Prosecutor of the International Criminal Court rejected the declaration. It decided that it is not within the competence of the Office of the Prosecutor, but up to the United Nations Secretary General or the Assembly of States Parties, to determine the Statehood of Palestine. This research paper analyses the 2009 Palestinian ad hoc declaration accepting the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court and the decision of the Office of the Prosecutor. It critically examines the legal basis of the Palestinian ad hoc declaration, the Procedure followed by the Prosecutor and the Statehood issue of Palestine. The study concludes that although there are enough supporting evidences to hold the Palestinian ad hoc declaration acceptable, the approach adopted and the conclusion reached by the Prosecutor are highly questionable in light of the Rome Statute and Conventional law.