Orientadores: Sergio Luiz Monteiro Salles Filho, Sergio Medeiros Paulino de Carvalho / Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociências / Made available in DSpace on 2018-08-07T06:18:29Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Yamamura_Simone_M.pdf: 871039 bytes, checksum: b6d95e812c725ab95233dd7bc308c971 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2006 / Resumo: A produção e a comercialização de plantas transgênicas encontram-se atualmente circundadas por uma série de discussões e debates, pois envolvem a utilização da: engenharia genética para a promoção de inovações no campo científico e tecnológico e para a criação de valor econômico. Os organismos geneticamente modificados ensejam questionamentos nas áreas as mais diversas, como a ambiental, a política, a econômica, a jurídica, a social, a ética, a religiosa e a filosófica; tratá-las conjuntamente e de modo harmônico é tarefa das mais difíceis. Um dos temas que dizem respeito às plantas transgêniéas, especialmente devido à sua intrínseca relação com a pesquisa e o comércio; é o da propriedade intelectual. Os marcos regulatórios internacionais e nacionais que tratam de direitos de propriedade intelectual associados' às plantas transgênicas, bem como os marcos regulatórios que se relacionam ao seu desenvolvimento e comercialização, formam um quadro jurídico complexo e imbricado, que influencia a pesquisa e geração de negócios com transgênicos. Neste trabalho são analisados, em nível internacional, os acordos da Organização Mundial do Comércio referentes à propriedade intelectual, às ,medidas sanitárias e fitossanitárias e às barreiras técnicas ao comércio; as convenções para a proteção de obtenções vegetais; a Convenção da Diversidade Biológica; e o Protocolo, de Cartagena. Em nível nacional, são analisadas a Lei de Propriedade Industrial, a Lei de Proteção de Cultivares, a Lei de Biossegurança e a Medida Provisória de acesso ao patrimônio genético brasileiro. A partir dessas análises, são apontadas tendências para o futuro do aparato regulatório e para a pesquisa, desenvolvimento e geração de negócios com plantas transgênicas. Uma melhor compreensão de tais marcos regulatórios e.de suas implicações contribui para o aproveitamento do potencial brasileiro - o qual passa pela definição de um quadro regulatório claro e coeso, que atenda às prescrições internacionais e às necessidades nacionais, aliado a políticas de incentivo a outros elementos impulsionadores da inovação local / Abstract: Nowadays, the production and marketing of transgenic plants are involved in a series of discussions and debates, as they concern the use of genetic engineering for the promotion of innovations in the fields of science and technology and for the creation of economic value. Genetically modified organisms bring questions in various areas, such as environrnent, politics, economy, law, soc~ety, ethics, religion and philosophy; dealing with them joint1y and harmoniously is such a difficult task. One of the subjects which refer to transgenic plants, especially due to its intrinsec relation to research and commerce, is intellectual property. The international and national regulatory frameworks which tackle intellectual property rights associated to transgenic plants, as well as regulatory frameworks related to their development and.marketing, form a complex and overlapping legal scenario, which influences research and business with transgenic products. This work analyses, at international level, the agreements from the World Trade Organisation regarding intellectual property, sanitary and phytosanitary measures and technical barriers to trade; the conventions for the protection of new varieties of plants; the Convention on Biological Diversity; and the Cartagena Protocol. At national levei, the Industrial Property Law, the Varieties' Protection Law, the Biosecurity Law and the Provisional Measure for the access to Brazilian genetic resources are analysed. From these analyses, tendencies are indicated concerning the future of regulatory frameworks: and research, development and business with transgenic plants. A better comprehension of such regulatory frameworks and of their implications contributes to the use of Brazilian potential - it encompasses the definition of a clear and coherent legal scenario, which keeps up with international prescriptions and national necessities, along with policies for the incentive of other elements essential to local innovation / Mestrado / Mestre em Política Científica e Tecnológica

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Avhandlingen undersöker ett centralt steg inom vetenskapliga praktiker: hur laboratorieprov översätts till data som anses giltiga och användbara av forskargemenskapen. Baserat på ett multilokalt fältarbete bestående av observationer och intervjuer i laboratorier för genetisk forskning, visas i avhandlingen hur laboratoriepersonalens yrkesskicklighet, samt normer och ideal om vetenskaplig forskning, formade deras praktiker av att producera giltiga data. Eftersom maskiner var väsentliga i forskningen undersöker avhandlingen också de former av agens som människor och maskiner ansågs bidra med till produktionen av giltiga data; giltighet tolkades som reproducerbarhet av forskarna. Med hjälp av representationsbegreppet och Latours begrepp om inskriptioner och immutable mobiles analyserar avhandlingen arbetet med att förvandla laboratorieprov till giltiga data som en tvåstegsprocess. Proven omvandlades först till rådata som sedan tolkades till data. Personalens huvudsakliga ansträngningar fokuserade i det första steget på att uppnå säkra resultat genom att bekämpa osäkerhet i material och metoder. I det andra steget var det viktigaste att eliminera subjektivitet och att göra objektiva tolkningar av rådatan. Laboratoriepersonalens yrkesskicklighet och användning av maskiner var viktiga verktyg för att eliminiera osäkerhet och subjektivitet. Säkra och objektiva resultat, dvs giltiga data, förväntades uppnås med hjälp av maskiner. Med användning av bl a Barad’s begrepp agential realism analyserar avhandlingen de olika förståelser av människor och maskiner som formade forskarnas praktiker och möjliggjorde skapandet av giltiga data. / This dissertation explores a central step in scientific practices: how samples are turned into data that is considered valid and useful by the research community. Based on multi-sited fieldwork, with observations and interviews at laboratories involved in genetic research, the study focuses on how the laboratory staff’s professional skill, norms, and ideals of scientific research formed their practices of making valid data. As machines were essential for this research, the study also investigates the forms of agency that humans and machines were seen as contributing to the making of valid data; validity being interpreted as reproducibility by the scientists involved. Drawing upon notions of representations as well as Latour’s concepts of inscriptions and immutable mobiles, the study analyzes the practices of transforming samples into valid data as a two-step process. The samples were first turned into raw data, which was subsequently interpreted as data. During the first step, the staff’s central concern was to battle uncertainty in materials and procedures and establish certainty of results, whereas in the second step it was of vital importance to eliminate subjectivity and make objective interpretations of the raw data. Central tools for eliminating uncertainty and subjectivity were the laboratory staff’s professional skill and the use of machines. Certainty and objectivity of results, i.e. valid data, were expected to occur with the help of machines. Drawing upon e.g. Barad’s framework of agential realism, the study analyzes the various understandings of notions of humanness and machineness which shaped scientists’ practices and made the creation of valid data possible.

From an overview of most commonly used kinematic conceptions of robotic manipulators, the conception of Cartesian robot was identified as the most suitable for the given task of colony picking. A control system consisting of two modular parts has been designed for the colony picking robot. ColonyCounter module is a set of image processing libraries for identification of microbial colonies in image data and precise localization of individual colonies. This has been achieved by combination of multiple methods, most importantly connected components labelling and Hough circular transform. The second module – ColonyPicker – utilizes output of ColonyCounter module to plan the picking and placing of colonies. Subsequently it controls the transfer process itself using an innovative task planning and executing system.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI) / The transcriptional repressor BCL6 has been shown to be essential for the differentiation of germinal center (GC) B cells and follicular T helper (TFH) cells. The interaction of TFH and GC B cells is necessary for the development of high affinity antibodies specific for an invading pathogen. Germline BCL6-deficient mouse models limit our ability to study BCL6 function in T cells due to the strong inflammatory responses seen in these mice. To overcome this, our lab has developed a new BCL6 conditional knockout (cKO) mouse using the cre/lox system, wherein the zinc finger region of the BCL6 gene is flanked by loxP sites. Mating to a CD4-Cre mouse allowed us to study the effects of BCL6 loss specifically in T cells, without the confounding effects seen in germline knockout models. Using this cKO model, we have reaffirmed the necessity of BCL6 for TFH differentiation, including its role in sustained CXCR5 surface expression, a signature marker for TFH cells. This model also allowed us to recognize the role of BCL6 in promoting the expression of PD-1, another key surface marker for TFH cells. Without BCL6, CD4+ T cells cannot express PD-1 at the high levels seen on TFH cells. Our discovery of DNMT3b as a target for BCL6 suggests BCL6-deficient T cells have increased DNA methyltransferase activity at the PD-1 promoter. This data establishes a novel pathway for explaining how BCL6, a transcriptional repressor, can activate genes. Experiments with the BCL6 cKO model have also established a role for BCL6 in naïve CD4+ T cell activation. Furthermore, we did not observe increased differentiation of other helper T cell subsets, in contrast to what has been reported elsewhere with germline BCL6-deficient models. Unexpectedly, we found decreased T helper type 2 (Th2) cells, whereas mouse models with a germline mutation of BCL6 have increased Th2 cells. These results indicate that BCL6 activity in non-T cells is critical for controlling T cell differentiation. Finally, using an HIV-1 gp120 immunization model, we have, for the first time, shown BCL6-dependent GCs to be limiting for antibody development and affinity maturation in a prime-boost vaccine scheme.

Abstract of Master essay - 10 HP Izabel Lind Färnstrand Mentor: Emma Kihl Examinator: Sigrid Sandström How to Prepare for Death In this essay I dwell into the failures of our moral senses in relation to the concept of death. How does modern death culture affect our way of life and our ability to take responsibility for the life and death of others? These questions are formed by these current times and affect both my art practice and my everyday life. When facing death within my family it occur- red to me that my and my family’s relationship to death is failing us. I have become frustra- ted with the fear and silence that seems too natural to my surrounding. Not being able to talk about a part of life that is inevitable seems irrational. It became clear when the lack of under- standing and acceptance of death caused relatives an immense suffering. The struggle seemed unnessesary and urged me to try to understand more, based on their deaths. Seeing how very different the experience of dying can be made me wonder what makes a ”good” death possible for some and others not. From there my interest in the topic death culture and fear emerged, and this essay touches on this in a variety of aspects. I use my personal experiences in combina- tion with thoughts of others to talk of layers of these issues through my artistic practice. This personal method is my way of trying to structure a thinking – in a way that I can use and make sense of it – with a varied level of success. I feel it is important to note that I don’t claim to have any answes. This essay is more an attempt to pose questions around human behaviour. Even though many of these ques- tions have been asked over and over again, throughout different times, I believe it is impor- tant to ask them again and again. As long as the Human is part and violently effecting this suffering world. Many of the thoughts in this essay are based on fragments of ideas by Judith Butler, espe- cielly from her book Frames of War: When is Life Grievable? (2009). I also reference Caitlin Doughty’s From Here to Eternity: Traveling the World to Find the Good Death (2017) and and Sogyal Rinpoche The Tibetan Book of Living and Dying (1992). The themes gathered that I try to make use of in this essay and in my artistic practice are purpose, fear, death, health, happiness, narcissim and resposibility. / Abstract of Artistic work How to Prepare for Death @ Galleri Mejan, Exercisplan 3, october 2019 Media: Spatial installation with a performance (1 h) Materials: Clay, plaster, metal & red plastic film How to Prepare for Death is a spatial installation in one of the gallery rooms of Galleri Mejan. The work includes the whole space of the area, such as the floor and the walls. You step into an altered reality, where the floor is covered with clay that is cracking increasingly over time and windows that are tinted red so that the air you breath seems red. When you enter your eyes need to adjust and after a while it is rather the outside that seems colored, neon green -  the complementary color of red. From the clay there are metal rods sticking out vertically, with plaster sculptures at the end. These sculptures are broken, and resemble body parts with a medical aesthetics. Similar sculptures come out from the walls, like fragile fragments of something that used to be. When you walk around the sculptures the clay crackle under your feet, and crumble into smaller pieces and dust. It is constructed as an ambivalent experience of nothingness, emptiness, ”afterness” and a sanctuary of thoughts. My questions about life and death drive me to investigate how to create spaces for these subjects to feel present, so that we can face our fears.