The topic of this study was Female Genital Mutilation, a crime against human rights and a severe problem in parts of Africa. Laws against FGM have had limited effect and nurses are faced with many opportunities to inspire behavioral changes in individuals, making the aim of this study to explore Ghana’s nursing students’ knowledge of and attitudes towards female genital mutilation. Data was collected at the Atibie Midwifery and Nursing Training School located in central Ghana. It was a descriptive non-experimental empirical study carried out by collecting quantitative data with questionnaires. Data was registered and analyzed manually. The outcome of this study indicated that nursing students at Atibie Midwifery and Nursing Training School in Ghana have a fairly high knowledge of FGM and FGM-related complications. Further, the students seem to have very mixed attitudes towards FGM, the majority being a negative attitude towards the practice. Although, a small part of the study population does have a more traditional point of view.

Abstract Biotechnological strategies aimed at producing male-only offspring have the potential to improve the yield of the Australian beef industry. As a proof-of-concept project, I aimed to target the primary male sex-determining gene Sry to the X chromosome in mice, to produce a transgenic XY male that would transmit Sry – and hence maleness – to both XX and XY offspring. In this project I aimed to target a 14.5 kb DNA fragment containing Sry to an X-chromosome locus that escapes X-inactivation. After considering many potential loci, a targeting strategy and construct were designed for the SMCX locus, which is well conserved between mouse, human and bovine. A targeting vector with 5kb and 3kb arms of homology was also constructed without Sry, to target the locus. Attempts to introduce the 14.5 kb Sry fragment into the construct were unsuccessful, and a smaller construct, containing only the coding sequence of the Sry gene driven by a strong promoter, is currently being made. In order to translate this transgenic approach into cattle, other facets of bovine sex determination required investigation. First, it was important to identify the necessary regulatory regions upstream of bovine SRY needed for the gene to be functional, and secondly to investigate the timing of testis development in male bovine embryos. To enable sequence comparison, I sequenced upstream of the bovine and goat SRY gene and through bioinformatic analysis identified regulatory regions common to several mammals. I identified four regions of high homology upstream of bovine SRY conserved between human, goat, and pig, but not mouse. These regions are likely to be important for the regulation of the gene in these species, as they share unique transcription factor binding sites. From this research I concluded that 9 kb upstream of bovine SRY were likely to be useful in transgenic strategies to produce sex-reversed cattle. Although I attempted to use a 15 kb bovine genomic fragment containing SRY to sex reverse XX mice, this project was unsuccessful. I also investigated the expression pattern of genes known to have a role in sex determination, including SRY, in early bovine embryos. I identified the major time points important for male sex determination, including the first appearance of the gonadal ridge from the mesonephros at day 31, the onset of SRY expression and its peak at day 39, and the appearance of testis cords at day 42, along with the pattern of expression of many other genes downstream of SRY. This information will allow future researchers to check that transgenic SRY expression is occurring at the correct time and place for it to be able to cause XX sex reversal in cattle. I also identified some of the major time points important for female sex determination, including that ovigerous cords form between CRL 37-91 in female bovine embryos. In addition I show the cellular differentiation of the cortex and medulla at this time. I have also predicted the female germ cell entry into meiosis around CRL 40 in bovine embryos through the use of qRT-PCR for STRA8 and SYCP3. This is the first detailed account of gene expression profiles in early female bovine embryos, unfortunately the data is incomplete due to an uneven distribution of embryo ages due to the difficulty of obtaining embryos from timed matings. Hopefully in the future obtaining more female embryos of the missing stages can complete the female data. This project has provided additional basic knowledge about bovine sex-determination events to ensure the possibility of making single-sex livestock a real possibility in the future. The similarity between human and bovine developmental time frames also points to cattle being a good alternative model for human development, and emphasises the need for further research in species other than mouse, with the aim of ultimately understanding our own biology.

<p>When professionals meet people from other cultures, there are some problematic issues that may appear, especially when considering human rights. Every individual has the right to live as they choose, and have the right to their own culture and traditions even if they have immigrated to another country. Female genital mutilation is a tradition that violates human rights. In this study we will look at what conflicts of values that professionals can have while meeting clients who have been mutilated. We have made qualitative interviews with four professionals working in a small town in Sweden in an area where many immigrants live. Professionals who meet people that have been genital mutilated have to balance respect for the individual with official restrictions and law. Knowledge about other countries and cultures can be important in the meeting between the professional and the client. Many conflicts of values appear and in this study we lift some of these conflicts.</p>

The Book of Leviticus has been described as the ‘first hygiene text’ based upon the observation that Leviticus contains a great deal of matter relating to two conditions. The first is צרעת translated in the Septuagint as λέπρα and confused in English translations with modern leprosy. The second, זוב was misused as a generic term for a whole spectrum of genital discharges. Apart from these, Leviticus contains nothing of a ‘medical’ nature. The question arises, as to whether these terms implied any sort of medical context or whether their only significance was as markers of ritual impurity to the priesthood. In Chapter 1 this question is developed and an hypothesis arrived at. A hermeneutic and methodology for the study are introduced and discussed. Chapter 2 is a review of the state of developing ‘medical practice’ in the Ancient Near East. Chapter 3 is concerned with the ideology of the levitical priesthood and their worldview in particular in respect of the establishment and operation of practice of ritual. Chapter 4 treats on the Levitical notion of impurity considered from both taxonomical and sociological standpoints and these approaches are discussed in the context of the present study. Chapters 5 and 6 each contain a detailed ‘medical exegesis’ of chapters 13 and 15 of Leviticus dealing with צרעת and .זוב Chapter 7 contains a similar treatment of the biblical notion of blemish and addresses the question of whether this was a mark of impurity like צרעת and .זוב In Chapter 8 embodies idea of contagion in the context of the ‘hygienic’ theme in Leviticus and the priests’ concern with what might imperil sacred objects. Chapter 9 employs context logometrical analysis in a detailed study of the word צרעת and whether there was, in Ancient Israel, any relationship, adverse or synergic between the activities of the priests in preserving purity, and early healthcare practice. Chapter 10 is a discussion of how צרעת has been seen from a theological perspective. While the exact nature of צרעת remains unknown, its biblical context — levitical and non levitical — is considered in relation to modern theories of the relationship of the impurity laws, sin and the wholeness↔ healthcare dynamic. Chapter 11 is a presentation of the conclusions that may be drawn from this study in respect of the wholeness↔ holiness paradigm posited in the hypothesis. It is concluded that there is no clear evidence to suggest that the priesthood saw צרעת and זוב in any terms commensurate with modern pathology and clinical medicine. Consequently it would be wrong to suppose, as many authors have, that in the levitical context, countermeasures to these conditions, though diagnostic, were hygienic in the modern, medical, — they were not, nor were they ever envisaged to be. That some of these measures subsequently found a significant place in preventive medicine appears to have been both fortuitous and fortunate.

Submitted by Reginaldo Soares de Freitas (reginaldo.freitas@ufv.br) on 2016-07-14T11:26:34Z No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2240112 bytes, checksum: 4939a4fe99132503c43837da656e03d6 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-07-14T11:26:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 texto completo.pdf: 2240112 bytes, checksum: 4939a4fe99132503c43837da656e03d6 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / A atividade reprodutiva nas coelhas domésticas (Oryctolagus cunniculus) é controlada pelo sistema nervoso, e o mesmo recebe influência tanto do meio interno quanto do meio externo. O órgão vomeronasal liga o ambiente externo a áreas do encéfalo responsáveis por comportamentos reprodutivos e maternais. Baseado nestes aspectos, o estudo visou esclarecer como os comportamentos reprodutivo e maternal e a anatomia dos órgãos genitais seriam influenciados pela obstrução dos ductos incisivos associados à presença ou não do efeito do macho. Para este estudo foram utilizadas 30 coelhas da raça Nova Zelândia dividias em dois experimentos. No primeiro experimento, 10 das 20 coelhas com idade de 50 dias tiveram seus ductos incisivos cauterizados. No segundo experimento, 5 das 10 coelhas tiveram seus ductos incisivos cauterizados com a idade de 50 dias, enquanto as outras 5 foram submetidas à cauterização 10 dias após o parto. As coelhas do primeiro experimento foram divididas em 4 grupos baseados na associação da cauterização ou não dos ductos incisivos com a presença ou não do efeito do macho. As coelhas do segundo experimento foram destinadas exclusivamente para reprodução. As coelhas do primeiro experimento foram pesadas semanalmente, tiveram amostras de sangue coletadas para análise dos hormônios luteinizante (LH), folículo estimulante (FSH) e 17β-estradiol (E2) a cada dez dias, e o comportamento avaliado segundo um etograma adaptado a este estudo. Ao atingirem a idade de 125 dias, estas 20 coelhas foram eutanasiadas para coleta do órgão vomeronasal, do fígado e da vesícula biliar, fragmento dos músculos reto femoral e vasto medial, fragmento da epífise proximal de fêmur e órgãos genitais. A pesagem dos animais mostrou não haver diferença entre a taxa de crescimento e o ganho de peso entre os quatro grupos, mas a presença do macho influenciou no peso independente da cauterização dos ductos incisivos. A avaliação da coloração da vulva não mostrou diferença entre os grupos durante o experimento. O comportamento destas fêmeas mostrou diferença no tempo de auto-catação entre os grupos na ausência do efeito do macho. Os órgãos genitais não apresentaram diferenças anatômicas e histológicas que incapacitassem as fêmeas de gestar. O cálculo do índice hepatossomático não mostrou diferença entre os grupos. O índice gonadossomático mostrou diferença quando associado ao efeito do macho, independente da cauterização dos ductos incisivos estar ou não presente. A qualidade da carcaça se manteve a mesma para os grupos testados. O comprimento do órgão vomeronasal para os animais cujos ductos incisivos foram cauterizados foi menor que nos animais controles independente do efeito do macho. Dos três hormônios avaliados, o E2 mostrou diferença aos 120 dias de idade entre as coletas da manhã e da noite no grupo cujos ductos incisivos foram cauterizados e submetidos ao efeito do macho e no grupo controle sem efeito do macho. Este mesmo hormônio também mostrou diferenças entre as idades na coleta do período noturno para o grupo controle sem efeito do macho. Os níveis séricos do hormônio LH noturno foram diminuindo com a idade para o grupo controle com efeito do macho, enquanto o nível sérico do FSH diminuiu com a idade para o grupo cujos ductos incisivos foram cauterizados sem efeito do macho. As coelhas do segundo experimento não mostraram alteração de comportamento frente ao macho; a capacidade de gestar, o comportamento frente aos láparos e a habilidade materna permaneceram depois da cauterização dos ductos. Estes resultados mostraram que as coelhas mantiveram a sua capacidade reprodutiva intacta ao contrário de outras fêmeas, como ratas, camundongas e porquinhas da Índia. / The reproductive activity on female domestic rabbits (Oryctolagus cunniculus) is controlled by nervous system which, in its turn, is influenced both by internal and external means. The vomeronasal organ binds external environment and cerebrum areas responsible for reproductive and maternal behaviors. Based on these aspects, this study aimed to enlighten how reproductive and maternal behaviors and anatomy of reproductive organs would be influenced by the obstruction of incisive ducts; and how this obstruction is associated to the "male effect". For this study it was used 30 New Zealand female rabbits divided between two experiments. In the first experiment, 10 of the 20 female rabbits 50 days old had its incisive ducts cauterized. In the second experiment, 5 of the 10 female rabbits had their incisive ducts cauterized at 50 days old while the other 5 were submitted to cauterization 10 days after parturition. The female rabbits of the first experiment were divided into 4 group based on association between cauterization or not of incisive ducts and on presence or not of "male effect". The female rabbits of the second experiment were destined exclusively to reproduction. The females of the first experiment were weighted weekly, had blood samples collected every 10 days for analysis of luteinizing hormone (LH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), 17β-estradiol (E2) and had their behavior evaluated by an ethogram adapted for this study. When 125 days old, these 20 females were euthanized for collection of vomeronasal organ, liver, fragments of rectus femoris and vastus medialis muscles, fragment of proximal femoral epiphysis, and reproductive organs. The weighing on the animals showed no difference between growth rate and weight gain among the 4 groups but the presence of male influenced on weight regardless of cauterization. Evaluation of coloring on the vulva showed no difference among groups during the experiment. The behavior of these female rabbits showed difference among groups in time spent on self- grooming in the absence of "male effect". The reproductive organs showed no anatomic or histological differences that could unable the females of gestating. The calculation of hepatosomatic index showed no difference between groups. The gonadosomatic index showed difference when associated to "male effect" regardless of presence or absence of cauterization. The carcass quality was the same among tested groups. The length of the vomeronasal organ from animals with cauterized incisive ducts was lesser than from control animals regardless of "male effect". Among the three tested hormones, E 2 showed difference at 120 days old between collects in the morning and at night on the group with cauterized incisive ducts and submitted to "male effect" and on the control group without "male effect". This same hormone also showed differences between ages in the night collect for control without "male effect" group. The serum levels of nightly LH decreased with age on control with "male effect" group while serum level of FSH decreased with age on the group with cauterized incisive ducts without "male effect". The female rabbits of the second experiment showed no behavioral change in face of male; the capacity of gestating, the behavior with young rabbits and maternal skills remained after cauterization of the ducts. These results showed that female rabbits kept their reproductive ability intact in opposite to other females like rats, mices and guinea pigs.These results showed that female rabbits kept their reproductive ability intact in opposite to other females.

Bisphenol A (BPA) is one of the highest volume chemicals produced worldwide and, as a result, is universally found in environmental and human matrixes. Bisphenol A is a known endocrine disruptor that acts as an estrogen agonist and an androgen antagonist. Due to health concerns, BPA is being phased out and replaced by other bisphenol analogues structurally similar to BPA. To date, there have been little to no studies showing the effects of BP analogues on the reproductive organ development of male mice. Thus, this study aimed to compare the effects of BPA and selected analogues (including BPB, BPE, and BPS) on the reproductive organ development in male mice, and determine preliminary toxicity threshold levels, such as the lowest-observed-effect-dose (LOED) and no-observed-effect-dose (NOED). Exposure to BPA, BPB and BPE via subcutaneous injection at a dose of 10 μg/g body weight (bw)/day each significantly caused a decrease in anogenital distance and glans penis length in male mice. Testis weight was also significantly reduced by BPA and BPE. Although BPS did not cause an effect on the glans penis length, anogenital distance or testis weight, histology work indicated that the spines on the glans penis were at a different developmental stage than the control. A similar result was seen with BPA on the glans penis spines. The LOED and NOED of BPA affecting anogenital distance, penis length, or testis weight were determined to be 10 and 5 μg/g bw/day, respectively. These LOED and NOED values are preliminary for BPA, because only five dose levels are used. Further research is needed to estimate more accurate threshold levels for the studied endpoints for BPA as well as other bisphenol analogues. The results indicated that some bisphenol analogues (BPB and BPE) showed comparable effects to BPA on the reproductive organ development of male mice, including anogenital distance and penis length. This could be indicative of more severe reproductive issues later in life and raised a concern on the safety of using these analogues to replace BPA in consumer products. More research is needed to investigate the mechanisms of the observed effects on genetic or molecular levels, determine what the long-term adverse effects of bisphenol analogues are to the reproductive system of male mice, and determine whether similar effects will be seen at dose levels comparable to human exposure rates.

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:31:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2005Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T18:41:58Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 gaspar_lfj_dr_botfmvz.pdf: 2365977 bytes, checksum: 745905b3d242d2ab01567430ee694f49 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) / No presente trabalho foram avaliadas 152 massas neoplásicas de tumor venéreo transmissível procedentes do Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-UNESP e do Biotério central da UNESP (campus Botucatu), no período de março de 2002 a setembro de 2004. As preparações citológicas foram coradas pelo método de Giemsa e, segundo critérios estabelecidos, foram divididos em três tipos citomorfológicos: linfocitóide, misto e plasmocitóide. Posteriormente, foram reagrupadas de acordo com comportamento biológico em primárias e não primárias. O objetivo foi identificar e comparar anormalidades nucleares (binucleação, multinucleação, brotamento, lobulação e micronucleação), avaliar parâmetros citomorfométricos através da técnica da CEC (concentração eletrolítica critica), determinar a taxa de proliferação mediante a imunomarcação com o Ki-67 (MIB-1) e com a quantificação das AgNORs, observar a expressão da glicoproteína-p, avaliar a resposta clínica à quimioterapia, bem como, relacionar esta resposta com a expressão de glicoproteína-p. Foi observada maior freqüência das lobulações nucleares no tipo plasmocitóide. A área do nucléolo e a relação nucléolo/núcleo foram maiores nas massas primárias. O Ki-67 (MBI-1) apresentou maior taxa de marcação (positividade) no tipo plasmocitóide e nas neoplasias não primárias. A média de pontos das AgNORs foi maior no tipo linfocitóide em relação aos outros dois tipos. O tipo plasmocitóide e o grupo das neoplasias não primárias tiveram um percentual de marcação da glicoproteína-p maior em relação aos outros grupos. Os tumores do grupo plasmocitóide tiveram um maior percentual de resposta parcial à terapia do que os outros grupos, enquanto os tipos linfocitóde tiveram um maior percentual de resposta completa. Os casos com resposta clínica parcial à quimioterapia apresentaram um... . / In this study were evaluated 137 neoplastic masses of transmissible venereal tumor from clinical attendance at the Veterinary Hospital and Central biotery of UNESP (Botucatu campus), between March 2002 and September 2004. The cytological samples were stained by the Giemsa method and, by preestablished criteria, divided into three cytomorphological patterns: lymphocyte-like, plasma cell-like and mixed. Then, They were regrouped by biological behavior as primary or non-primary (metastatic or recurrent). The aim of the present work was to identify and compare nuclear abnormalities occurrence (binucleation, multinucleation, nuclear buds, nuclear lobulation and micronucleation), to evaluate cytomorphometric parameters by the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) technique, to determinate proliferation ratio by immunoreaction with Ki-67 (MIB-1) antibody and AgNOR quantification. Additionally, the immunolabelling with p-glycoprotein antibody, and the clinical response to chemotherapy, were evaluated and correlated. The results showed a higher frequency of nuclear lobulation in the plasma-cell-like pattern. The nucleolus area and nucleolus: nucleus ratio were greater in primary masses. The proliferative index measured by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry was most elevated in the plasma-cell-like and not primary tumors. The AgNOR point average was highest in lymphocyte-like patterns. The expression of p-glycoprotein was highest in plasma-cell-like and non-primary masses than in the others. Similarly, the plasma-cell-like group showed a larger partial response to chemotherapy than the other two patterns, although the lymphocyte-like group presented the largest percentage of complete response. The association between p-glycoprotein expression and clinical response revealed that with the partial response had greater p-glycoprotein expressions than the total response... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below).

Orientador: Paulo Henrique Franceschini / Banca: Erika da Silva Carvalho Morani / Banca: Roberto Carvalhal / Banca: Francisco Guilherme Leite / Banca: Wilter Ricardo Russiano Vicente / Resumo: Este estudo visa caracterizar morfologicamente macro e microscopicamente o aparelho reprodutor feminino da capivara, mais especificamente ovários, tubas uterinas, cornos uterinos, colo uterino, vagina e genitália externa, mediante técnicas histológicas, injeção de látex e dissecção. As gônadas apresentam-se simétricas, contorno elíptico, com vários folículos em diferenciação e corpos lúteos. A mesosalpinge, diferenciação do peritônio visceral pélvico mostra-se bem desenvolvida constituindo formação sacular, provida de fenda de formato elíptico e disposição justa ovariana compondo a bolsa ovárica (Bursa ovarica). A tuba uterina apresenta vasto infundíbulo onde as fimbrias são marcantes e de disposição radiada em torno do óstio abdominal da tuba uterina. A tuba uterina, nas porções correspondentes à ampola e istmo, possui trajeto serpentiforme envolta pela mesosalpinge. Na junção útero-tubárica, diferencia-se nesta espécie a formação de uma projeção para o interior da luz dos cornos uterinos que nomeou-se papila tubárica. Em seguida, individualizam-se dois cornos uterinos providos do mesométrio (ligamento largo do útero) como elemento estabilizador e o ligamento intercornual. Vasos arteriais e venosos são vistos formando um plexo gonadal ou dispostos à semelhança de pente, especialmente em relação aos cornos uterinos. O corpo uterino é ausente, caracterizando útero duplo, com os cornos desembocando diretamente no colo uterino dulpo. O colo uterino apresenta pregueamento longitudinal, dois canais cervicais, assimétricos, originando um orifício circular, à direita e mais ventral e, outro semi-lunar, à esquerda e mais dorsal. A vagina destaca-se por apresentar mucosa pregueada no sentido transversal, mais evidente próximo do colo uterino e e diminuindo gradativamente... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo) / Abstract: This study aims to characterize the macroscopic and microscopic morphological capybara female reproductive tract, specifically the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterine horns, cervix, vagina and external genitalia by histological techniques, latex injection and dissection. The gonads are presented symmetrical, elliptical shape, with multiple follicles and corpora lutea differentiation. The mesosalpinx, pelvic visceral peritoneum differentiation appears to be well developed constituting saccular formation, provided the slit with elliptical shape and disposition ovarian just composing the ovarian bursa (Bursa ovarian). The fallopian tube has broad infundibulum where the fimbriae are outstanding and available radiated around the abdominal ostium of the fallopian tube. The oviduct (fallopian tube), the portions corresponding to the ampulla and isthmus, surrounded by a serpentine path mesosalpinx. In utero-tubal junction, this species differs from the formation of a projection into the uterine horns of light which we call tubal papilla. Then individualize the two uterine horns provided mesometrium (broad ligament of the uterus) as stabilizing ligament and intercornual. Arterial and venous plexus are seen forming a gonadal or arranged like comb, especially in relation to the uterine horns.The uterine body is absent, featuring double uterus, with the horns led directly to the double cervix. The cervix shows longitudinal wrinkling, two cervical canals, asymmetric, leading to a circular hole on the right and most ventral and the other semi-lunar, the left dorsal and more. The vagina is notable for presenting folded mucosa in the transverse direction, more evident near the cervix and gradually falls from the vaginal fornix. The vestibule of the vagina presents particular hyperpigmentation analyzed for each animal, like fingerprints... (Complete abstract click electronic access below) / Doutor

Orientador: Noeme Souza Rocha / Resumo: No presente trabalho foram avaliadas 152 massas neoplásicas de tumor venéreo transmissível procedentes do Hospital Veterinário da FMVZ-UNESP e do Biotério central da UNESP (campus Botucatu), no período de março de 2002 a setembro de 2004. As preparações citológicas foram coradas pelo método de Giemsa e, segundo critérios estabelecidos, foram divididos em três tipos citomorfológicos: linfocitóide, misto e plasmocitóide. Posteriormente, foram reagrupadas de acordo com comportamento biológico em primárias e não primárias. O objetivo foi identificar e comparar anormalidades nucleares (binucleação, multinucleação, brotamento, lobulação e micronucleação), avaliar parâmetros citomorfométricos através da técnica da CEC (concentração eletrolítica critica), determinar a taxa de proliferação mediante a imunomarcação com o Ki-67 (MIB-1) e com a quantificação das AgNORs, observar a expressão da glicoproteína-p, avaliar a resposta clínica à quimioterapia, bem como, relacionar esta resposta com a expressão de glicoproteína-p. Foi observada maior freqüência das lobulações nucleares no tipo plasmocitóide. A área do nucléolo e a relação nucléolo/núcleo foram maiores nas massas primárias. O Ki-67 (MBI-1) apresentou maior taxa de marcação (positividade) no tipo plasmocitóide e nas neoplasias não primárias. A média de pontos das AgNORs foi maior no tipo linfocitóide em relação aos outros dois tipos. O tipo plasmocitóide e o grupo das neoplasias não primárias tiveram um percentual de marcação da glicoproteína-p maior em relação aos outros grupos. Os tumores do grupo plasmocitóide tiveram um maior percentual de resposta parcial à terapia do que os outros grupos, enquanto os tipos linfocitóde tiveram um maior percentual de resposta completa. Os casos com resposta clínica parcial à quimioterapia apresentaram um... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo). / Abstract: In this study were evaluated 137 neoplastic masses of transmissible venereal tumor from clinical attendance at the Veterinary Hospital and Central biotery of UNESP (Botucatu campus), between March 2002 and September 2004. The cytological samples were stained by the Giemsa method and, by preestablished criteria, divided into three cytomorphological patterns: lymphocyte-like, plasma cell-like and mixed. Then, They were regrouped by biological behavior as primary or non-primary (metastatic or recurrent). The aim of the present work was to identify and compare nuclear abnormalities occurrence (binucleation, multinucleation, nuclear buds, nuclear lobulation and micronucleation), to evaluate cytomorphometric parameters by the critical electrolyte concentration (CEC) technique, to determinate proliferation ratio by immunoreaction with Ki-67 (MIB-1) antibody and AgNOR quantification. Additionally, the immunolabelling with p-glycoprotein antibody, and the clinical response to chemotherapy, were evaluated and correlated. The results showed a higher frequency of nuclear lobulation in the plasma-cell-like pattern. The nucleolus area and nucleolus: nucleus ratio were greater in primary masses. The proliferative index measured by Ki-67 immunocytochemistry was most elevated in the plasma-cell-like and not primary tumors. The AgNOR point average was highest in lymphocyte-like patterns. The expression of p-glycoprotein was highest in plasma-cell-like and non-primary masses than in the others. Similarly, the plasma-cell-like group showed a larger partial response to chemotherapy than the other two patterns, although the lymphocyte-like group presented the largest percentage of complete response. The association between p-glycoprotein expression and clinical response revealed that with the partial response had greater p-glycoprotein expressions than the total response... (Complete abstract, click electronic address below). / Doutor

Submitted by (lucia.rodrigues@ufrpe.br) on 2016-06-10T13:04:08Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius Vasconcelos Gomes de Oliveira.pdf: 1683435 bytes, checksum: 381cdda471a76c366b0ca07846e16bb8 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-10T13:04:08Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Vinicius Vasconcelos Gomes de Oliveira.pdf: 1683435 bytes, checksum: 381cdda471a76c366b0ca07846e16bb8 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-02-15 / The canine visceral leishmaniasis is an important parasitic zoonosis endemic in Brazil, caused by protozoa Leishmania infantum. In urban areas, dogs are considered the main reservoir of this parasite, in which the inflammatory lesions observed in tissues and organs may be related with parasite presence, including the genital system. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the inflammatory lesions and parasite load in the genital tract of dogs naturally infected with L. infantum. Thus, tissue samples collected from 12 female dogs and 19 dogs naturally infected by L. infantum from the municipalities of Caruaru and Petrolina, Pernambuco, respectively. Fragments of vulva, vagina, cervix, uterine body and horns and ovaries of the females and testes, epididymis, prostate, glans penis, prepuce and scrotum of the males were collected for structural assessment, immunohistochemistry and molecular. In the present study, vulva and vagina were the major sites to inflammatory lesion development and L. infantum amastigotes immunostaining in the reproductive tract of female dogs. Moreover, in the reproductive tract of male dogs: epididymis, prostate, glans penis, prepuce and scrotum showed lympho-histio-plasmacytic inflammatory lesion. L. infantum amastigotes immunolabeling just was visualized in testes, epididymis, glans penis and scrotum. In both sexes, there is no correlation between parasite load and inflammatory lesion on the genitals. / A leishmaniose visceral canina é uma importante zoonose parasitária endêmica no Brasil, causada por Leishmania infantum. Em áreas urbanas, os cães são considerados os principais reservatórios deste parasito, no qual, diversos órgãos e tecidos podem apresentar lesões decorrentes do parasito, inclusive com o envolvimento do sistema genital. Sendo assim, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as lesões inflamatórias e carga parasitária em órgãos do sistema genital masculino e feminino de cães com infecção natural por Leishmania infantum. Para tanto, foram utilizados fragmentos de órgãos do sistema genital de 12 cadelas e 19 machos naturalmente infectados por L. infantum provenientes dos municípios de Caruaru e Petrolina, Pernambuco, respectivamente. Amostras de vulva, vagina, cérvix, corpo e cornos uterinos e ovários para as fêmeas e testículos, epidídimos, próstata, glande, prepúcio e escroto para os machos foram coletados para avaliação estrutural, imunohistoquímica e molecular. No presente estudo, pode-se observar que os principais locais de desenvolvimento de lesões e imunomarcação de formas amastigotas de L. infantum no trato reprodutor das fêmeas foram vulva e vagina, enquanto que nos machos as lesões inflamatórias foram observadas no epidídimo, próstata, glande, prepúcio e escroto. Imunomarcação de formas amastigotas de L. infantum foram observadas nos testículos, epidídimo, glande e escroto. Em ambos os sexos, não foi obervada correlação entre carga parasitária e lesão inflamatória nos órgãos genitais.