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Preface -- Chapter I. Settlement and politics-- Chapter II. Early organization and secession -- Chapter III. German unionism and confederate service -- Chapter IV. Presidential reconstruction -- Chapter V. Congressional reconstruction -- Bibliography.

The main focus of this study is the High German language spoken by Russian Mennonites, one of the many groups of German-speaking immigrants in Canada. Although the primary language of most Russian Mennonites is a Low German variety called Plautdietsch, High German has been widely used in Russian Mennonite communities since the end of the eighteenth century and is perceived as one of their mother tongues. The primary objectives of the study are to investigate: 1) when, with whom, and for what purposes the major languages of Russian Mennonites were used by the members of the second and third migration waves (mid 1920s and 1940-50s respectively) and how the situation has changed today; 2) if there are any differences in spoken High German between representatives of the two groups and what these differences can be attributed to; 3) to what extent the High German of the subjects corresponds to the Standard High German. The primary thesis of this project is that different historical events as well as different social and political conditions witnessed by members of these groups both in Russia (e.g. closure of High German schools and churches in the 1920s and 1930s) and in Canada (e.g. the transition of most Mennonite churches from High German to English) have had a considerable influence upon and were reflected in their perception and use of High German. The data for the project consist of two sets of audio-recorded interviews in High German conducted in 1976-1978 by Henry Paetkau and Stan Dueck with Russian Mennonite immigrants of the 1920s (21 interviews), and by the author of this project in the spring of 2007 with representatives of the third migration wave (19 interviews). Both sets of interviews underwent textual and content analysis. Ten selected interviews have been transcribed following the rules of the CHAT (Codes of the Human Analysis of Transcripts) notation system and analyzed with the help of the CLAN (Computerized Language Analysis) software. The results of the study indicate that generally the patterns of language use by both groups showed a number of important differences during their stay in Russia but were found to be very similar after each group migrated to Canada. Further, no significant differences in the use of non-standard constructions between the two groups have been discovered and the main hypothesis of the study was not supported. Finally, it has been determined that the variety of High German spoken by the Russian Mennonites departs from Standard High German in a number of respects and features a variety of non-standard constructions. While some of them can be traced back to the influence of the English or Russian languages, many other non-standard constructions were most likely present in the speech of Russian Mennonites long before intensive contact with these languages began. It has been argued that some non-standard constructions were also relatively stable in the group’s High German and that they are a result of both language-internal as well as language-external processes of change.

The main focus of this study is the High German language spoken by Russian Mennonites, one of the many groups of German-speaking immigrants in Canada. Although the primary language of most Russian Mennonites is a Low German variety called Plautdietsch, High German has been widely used in Russian Mennonite communities since the end of the eighteenth century and is perceived as one of their mother tongues. The primary objectives of the study are to investigate: 1) when, with whom, and for what purposes the major languages of Russian Mennonites were used by the members of the second and third migration waves (mid 1920s and 1940-50s respectively) and how the situation has changed today; 2) if there are any differences in spoken High German between representatives of the two groups and what these differences can be attributed to; 3) to what extent the High German of the subjects corresponds to the Standard High German. The primary thesis of this project is that different historical events as well as different social and political conditions witnessed by members of these groups both in Russia (e.g. closure of High German schools and churches in the 1920s and 1930s) and in Canada (e.g. the transition of most Mennonite churches from High German to English) have had a considerable influence upon and were reflected in their perception and use of High German. The data for the project consist of two sets of audio-recorded interviews in High German conducted in 1976-1978 by Henry Paetkau and Stan Dueck with Russian Mennonite immigrants of the 1920s (21 interviews), and by the author of this project in the spring of 2007 with representatives of the third migration wave (19 interviews). Both sets of interviews underwent textual and content analysis. Ten selected interviews have been transcribed following the rules of the CHAT (Codes of the Human Analysis of Transcripts) notation system and analyzed with the help of the CLAN (Computerized Language Analysis) software. The results of the study indicate that generally the patterns of language use by both groups showed a number of important differences during their stay in Russia but were found to be very similar after each group migrated to Canada. Further, no significant differences in the use of non-standard constructions between the two groups have been discovered and the main hypothesis of the study was not supported. Finally, it has been determined that the variety of High German spoken by the Russian Mennonites departs from Standard High German in a number of respects and features a variety of non-standard constructions. While some of them can be traced back to the influence of the English or Russian languages, many other non-standard constructions were most likely present in the speech of Russian Mennonites long before intensive contact with these languages began. It has been argued that some non-standard constructions were also relatively stable in the group’s High German and that they are a result of both language-internal as well as language-external processes of change.

Opera is unique among forms of Western classical music and performing arts in that it has always been a popular and accessible form of “cultured” entertainment. As a city with one of the longest and richest histories of opera performance in Texas, San Antonio provides a significant opportunity to survey the relationship between this popular art form and discourses of identity, power, and difference across ethnic, class, and gender divisions. This paper has two aims. First, it investigates the history of opera reception in San Antonio in order to examine changes in the traditional values of its citizens over the past century, focusing on the influence of ethnic identity among German immigrants. Then, it looks at the scholarship on cultural performance in various contemporary situations analogous to that of San Antonio and constructs five key processes of identification that show how individuals contextualize themselves in shared histories and identities through their participation in cultural performance of opera. / text

Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:32:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2010-02-25Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:03:51Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 braun_lb_dr_assis.pdf: 1499074 bytes, checksum: 2b0418ecbd5100430a4766c916d5e6b2 (MD5) / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) / A presente pesquisa procura apreender as redes de sociabilidades que os diferentes sujeitos, imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes, moradores da Colônia Riograndense - (Maracaí/SP), foram tecendo no interior da comunidade. Analisando alguns aspectos que cercaram o cotidiano das pessoas, nos seus espaços de lazer e de trabalho, foi possível apreender como a comunidade alemã incorporou práticas culturais, ao mesmo tempo, que contribuiu na formação e constituição da Colônia e da região ao inserir seus costumes e conhecimentos, transformando esse processo numa dinâmica de trocas culturais, que colaborou na construção da identidade brasileira. Se, por um lado, os espaços de sociabilidade compartilhados entre as pessoas eram os espaços que os uniam ao emergir o sentimento de pertencimento à comunidade, ao lugar que se estabeleceram, por outro, esses espaços também demarcavam as diferenças sociais que, paulatinamente foram sendo superadas ou resignificadas, na medida em que se inseriam na sociedade brasileira. Portanto, os sentimentos múltiplos que se entrecruzam na memória evidenciam uma Colônia que perdeu sua identidade alemã ao se inserir e se adequar aos costumes brasileiros. Porém, esse processo foi permeado por inúmeras dificuldades, sofrimentos e preconceitos relacionados à sua inserção, às quais foram sendo forjadas pelas múltiplas formas de sociabilidade que, não só viabilizaram essa inserção como ampliaram as redes de relações que possibilitaram às pessoas o sentimento de identificação à nova identidade / The present research has the intention of assimilating the network of sociability woven by the German immigrants and their descendent, dwellers of the Riograndense Colony in the city of Maracaí, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Analyzing some aspects of the daily routine of these people, in their work and leisure issues, made possible to assimilate how the German community incorporated the cultural practices in the meantime that contributed to the formation of the Colony and its region while introducing its habits and knowledge turning this project in to a dynamic of social exchanges that collaborated to the formation of the Brazilian identity. If in one hand the spaces of sociability shared among the people were the same spaces that gathered them in the appearing of this feeling of belonging to a community, to the place they have established, in the other hand these spaces also demarcated the social differences that were overcame and resignified while they inserted themselves into the Brazilian society. Therefore the multiple feelings that intercross in the memory show a colony that lost its German identity while introducing itself to the Brazilian habits. Nevertheless this process was permeated by countless difficulties, suffering and preconception related to its insertion forged by the multiple forms of sociability that besides making possible this insertion also amplified the relationship network that gave the people the feeling of identification to the new identity

Orientador: Zelia Lopes daSilva / Banca: Janete Leiko Tanno / Banca: Flávia Arlanch Martins de Oliveira / Banca: João Paulo Rodrigues / Banca: Sandra de Cassia Araujo Pelegrini / Resumo: A presente pesquisa procura apreender as redes de sociabilidades que os diferentes sujeitos, imigrantes alemães e seus descendentes, moradores da Colônia Riograndense - (Maracaí/SP), foram tecendo no interior da comunidade. Analisando alguns aspectos que cercaram o cotidiano das pessoas, nos seus espaços de lazer e de trabalho, foi possível apreender como a comunidade alemã incorporou práticas culturais, ao mesmo tempo, que contribuiu na formação e constituição da Colônia e da região ao inserir seus costumes e conhecimentos, transformando esse processo numa dinâmica de trocas culturais, que colaborou na construção da identidade brasileira. Se, por um lado, os espaços de sociabilidade compartilhados entre as pessoas eram os espaços que os uniam ao emergir o sentimento de pertencimento à comunidade, ao lugar que se estabeleceram, por outro, esses espaços também demarcavam as diferenças sociais que, paulatinamente foram sendo superadas ou resignificadas, na medida em que se inseriam na sociedade brasileira. Portanto, os sentimentos múltiplos que se entrecruzam na memória evidenciam uma Colônia que perdeu sua identidade alemã ao se inserir e se adequar aos costumes brasileiros. Porém, esse processo foi permeado por inúmeras dificuldades, sofrimentos e preconceitos relacionados à sua inserção, às quais foram sendo forjadas pelas múltiplas formas de sociabilidade que, não só viabilizaram essa inserção como ampliaram as redes de relações que possibilitaram às pessoas o sentimento de identificação à nova identidade / Abstract: The present research has the intention of assimilating the network of sociability woven by the German immigrants and their descendent, dwellers of the Riograndense Colony in the city of Maracaí, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Analyzing some aspects of the daily routine of these people, in their work and leisure issues, made possible to assimilate how the German community incorporated the cultural practices in the meantime that contributed to the formation of the Colony and its region while introducing its habits and knowledge turning this project in to a dynamic of social exchanges that collaborated to the formation of the Brazilian identity. If in one hand the spaces of sociability shared among the people were the same spaces that gathered them in the appearing of this feeling of belonging to a community, to the place they have established, in the other hand these spaces also demarcated the social differences that were overcame and resignified while they inserted themselves into the Brazilian society. Therefore the multiple feelings that intercross in the memory show a colony that lost its German identity while introducing itself to the Brazilian habits. Nevertheless this process was permeated by countless difficulties, suffering and preconception related to its insertion forged by the multiple forms of sociability that besides making possible this insertion also amplified the relationship network that gave the people the feeling of identification to the new identity / Doutor

Submitted by Renata Lopes (renatasil82@gmail.com) on 2016-03-02T12:33:44Z No. of bitstreams: 1 marianaschuchtersoares.pdf: 7400842 bytes, checksum: 4cb8abc2b3ce27e2eb13deabaf439714 (MD5) / Approved for entry into archive by Adriana Oliveira (adriana.oliveira@ufjf.edu.br) on 2016-03-03T14:49:59Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 marianaschuchtersoares.pdf: 7400842 bytes, checksum: 4cb8abc2b3ce27e2eb13deabaf439714 (MD5) / Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-03T14:49:59Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 marianaschuchtersoares.pdf: 7400842 bytes, checksum: 4cb8abc2b3ce27e2eb13deabaf439714 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2013-04-05 / CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / O objetivo deste trabalho é discutir o apagamento dos traços língua-cultura-identidade alemães em Juiz de Fora/MG. A partir de pesquisa etnográfica, com a realização de entrevistas semi-estruturadas, bem como de pesquisa documental, procuramos, com o aporte teórico da Ecolinguística (MUFWENE, 2001, 2008; COUTO, 2007, 2009), explorar e refletir sobre os possíveis aspectos ecológicos que podem ter influenciado esse apagamento linguístico-cultural na cidade, em meio ao processo de adaptação dos imigrantes à nova terra. O que acreditamos, portanto, é que esse apagamento se deu através de um processo longo e gradual, influenciado por vários fatores, inclusive pela hegemonia da língua portuguesa. Tal situação mostra-se bastante oposta ao que aconteceu em outras regiões do país, em que há visíveis marcas das variedades de língua alemã em seus dialetos (BORSTEL, 2011; PEREIRA, 2005), bem como heranças culturais dos imigrantes. Nesse sentido, este trabalho tem os seguintes objetivos principais: (i) identificar quais variedades de língua alemã chegaram em Juiz de Fora/MG; (ii) rastrear a história dos contatos linguísticos que aconteceram na cidade; (iii) identificar fatores ecológicos que possivelmente tiveram influência no processo de apagamento das variedades de língua alemã em Juiz de Fora/MG. Dessa forma, buscamos demonstrar que os imigrantes alemães foram levados a (re)construírem suas identidades, deixando para trás, ao longo do tempo, suas origens e, consequentemente, suas heranças linguístico-culturais. / The aim of this study is to discuss the deletion of German language, culture and identity traces in Juiz de Fora city, Brazil. By means of ethnographic research, with semi-structured interviews, as well of documental research, and on Ecolinguistics theoretical basis (MUFWENE, 2001, 2008; COUTO, 2007, 2009), we investigate and reflect on the possible ecological aspects that influenced this linguistic and cultural deletion in the city during the adaptation process of the immigrants to the new land. Therefore, we believe that this deletion happened as a long and gradual process, influenced by several factors, including the hegemony of Portuguese language. Such a situation is quite different from what happened in other parts of Brazil, where there are visible marks of German varieties in their dialects (BORSTEL, 2011; PEREIRA, 2005), as well as many cultural heritages from the immigrants. In this sense, this work has the following main objectives: (i) to identify which varieties of German language arrived in Juiz de Fora; (ii) to trace the history of the linguistic contacts that took place in the city; (iii) to identify ecological factors that possibly influenced the deletion process of the varieties of the German language that arrived in Juiz de Fora. Thus, this study demonstrates how German immigrants German immigrants were taken to (re)construct their identities, leaving behind their origins and hence their linguistic and cultural heritages over time.

Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico / Na presente dissertação viso analisar e visibilizar a presença e atuação de mulheres teuto-brasileiras evangélicas na família, nas comunidades evangélicas e na sociedade do sul do Brasil, especialmente entre o último quartel do século XIX e meados do século XX, na perspectiva do privado e do público. Por isso proponho (re)escrever uma história do cotidiano de mulheres teuto-brasileiras evangélicas, considerando o cotidiano como lugar vivencial histórico e os espaços privado e público como interativos. No primeiro capítulo apresento os fundamentos teórico-metodológicos-analíticos desta: pergunto pelo lugar das mulheres na história da imigração alemã evangélica, enfoco o privado e o público como perspectiva de análise e abordo questões em torno de uma delimitação temporal. No segundo capítulo procuro reconhecer bagagens culturais que acompanharam mulheres (e homens) da Alemanha ao sul do Brasil (considerando suas experiências plurais) e que continuaram a inspirar o seu cotidiano, num processo de continuidades e descontinuidades, diante de novos contextos sócio-econômico-político-religiosos. Neste sentido abordo as experiências de mulheres (e homens) em torno das causas que conduziram à emigração da Alemanha ao Brasil, bem como da definição de privado e público no cotidiano de mulheres alemãs (evangélicas) no século XIX. Pergunto, ainda, pelas experiências constitutivas de uma espiritualidade de mulheres alemãs evangélicas e as iniciativas daí decorrentes, considerando a confissão evangélica como um diferencial em suas vidas. No terceiro capítulo vislumbro a realidade cotidiana que envolveu teuto-brasileiros/as evangélicos/as, especialmente as mulheres, por conta do processo de colonização no qual foram inseridos/as. Neste sentido pergunto pela presença e participação de mulheres no processo entre a emigração e a imigração, bem como pelo seu cotidiano entre o privado e o público possível. No quarto capítulo me ocupo com o processo de construção de "uma" identidade feminina étnico-confessional, considerando o exercício de um poder por parte de mulheres teuto-brasileiras evangélicas, ainda que dentro de uma lógica de submissão, visto estarem inseridas numa cultura patriarcal, sua relação com o trabalho no âmbito da comunidade teuto-brasileira evangélica e sua atuação na preservação da germanidade, como "mães da nação". Uma análise "da" história do cotidiano de mulheres teuto-brasileiras evangélicas permite vislumbrar circunstâncias, discursos e heranças culturais que marcaram suas histórias, num processo de continuidades e descontinuidades, e foram constitutivas de suas identidades, em permanente processo de construção, diferenciação e ressignificação; permite, ainda, visibilizar a participação ativa de mulheres teuto-brasileiras evangélicas nos âmbitos familiar, comunitário confessional e na sociedade do sul do Brasil, através do exercício de um poder, ainda que dentro de uma lógica de submissão, nos espaços privado e público (possível) e no vai-e-vem entre ambos. / In this dissertation I intend to analyze and give visibility to the presence and actuation of German-Brazilian evangelical women in the family, in evangelical congregations and in the society of southern Brazil in private and public perspective, especially between the last quarter of the 19th century and the middle of the 20th century,. Therefore I intend to (re)write a history of the daily life of German-Brazilian evangelical women, considering the daily life as the place of historical being and the interactivity of private and public spaces. In the first chapter I present the theoretical, methodological and analytical basis of this history: I ask about the place of women in the history of German evangelical immigration, I focalize on the private and the public as a perspective of analysis and I raise questions about time delimitation. In the second chapter I seek to recognize that cultural knowledge these women (and men) brought from Germany to the south of Brazil (considering their plural experiences) and that continued to inspire their daily life, in a process of continuities and discontinuities, in a perspective of the new social, economical, political and religious contexts. In this way I approach the experiences of women (and men) examining the reasons which led to the emigration from Germany to Brazil, as well as the definition of private and public in the daily life of German (evangelical) women in the 19th century. Further I examine the experiences that constituted a spirituality of German evangelical women and their initiatives, considering evangelical confession as a differential in their lives. In the third chapter I look at the daily reality which involved German-Brazilian evange1icals, especially about the presence and participation of women in the process between emigration and immigration as well as about the possibilities in their daily life between the private and the public. In the fourth chapter I examine the process of the construction of "a" feminine ethnic and confessional identity, considering the exercise of power by the German-Brazilian evangelical women, even if it was in a logic of submission, because they lived in a patriarchal culture; I examine their relationship to labor within the German-Brazilian evangelical congregation and their activity of preserving Germanism as "mothers of the nation." An analysis of "the" history of the daily life of German-Brazilian evangelical women allows one to glimpse at circumstances, speeches and cultural inheritances that had marked their histories in a process of continuities and discontinuities, and have been constitutive to their identities in a permanent process of construction, differentiation and resignification. It also allows one to visualize an active participation of German-Brazilian evangelical women in family, community and society in southern Brazil, through the exercise of power, even within a logic of submission, in the (possible) private and public spaces and in the seesaw between both of them.