Bien que l’utilisation précoce de gestes communicatifs par de jeunes enfants soit reconnue comme étant étroitement liée au développement du langage (e.g., Colonnesi et al., 2010), la nature des liens gestes–langage doit encore être clarifiée. Cette thèse a pour but d’étudier la production de gestes de pointage au cours du développement afin de déterminer si la relation prédictive et facilitatrice entre les gestes et l’acquisition du langage implique des fonctions spécifiques du pointage, en association avec des caractéristiques spécifiques en terme de forme de mains, regard et vocalisations. De plus, une attention particulière a été apportée à l’étude des préférences manuelles dans le but de mieux comprendre le développement de la spécialisation hémisphérique gauche pour les comportements communicatifs. Nos résultats ont révélé des relations complexes entre le langage, les gestes communicatifs et les activités de manipulation, qui dépendent de la fonction des gestes (i.e., pointage impératif versus déclaratif) et des étapes spécifiques de l’acquisition du langage. Les gestes déclaratifs sont plus étroitement associés au développement de la parole que les gestes impératifs, au-moins avant la période d’explosion lexicale. De plus, la comparaison des patterns de préférence manuelle chez l’enfant et l’adulte a montré une plus grande proximité pour les gestes que pour la manipulation d’objet. L’asymétrie manuelle droite pour les gestes communicatifs est ainsi établie à des stades précoces, ce qui suggère un rôle primordial des gestes dans la spécialisation hémisphérique.Finalement, nos résultats ont mis en évidence l’existence d’un système de communication dans l’hémisphère cérébral gauche contrôlant à la fois la communication gestuelle et verbale, qui pourrait avoir une origine phylogénétique ancienne (e.g., Corballis, 2010). Par conséquent, le présent travail peut améliorer notre compréhension des origines du langage, y compris des mécanismes de la spécialisation cérébrale pour les comportements communicatifs. / Even though children’s early use of communicative gestures is recognized as being closely related to language development (e.g., Colonnesi et al., 2010), the nature of speech–gestures links still needs to be clarified. This dissertation aims to investigate the production of pointing gestures during development to determine whether the predictive and facilitative relationship between gestures and language acquisition involves specific functions of pointing, in association with specific features in terms of hand shape, gaze and accompanying vocalizations. Moreover, special attention was paid to the study of hand preferences in order to better understand the development of left hemisphere specialization for communicative behaviors. Our results revealed complex relationships between language, communicative gestures and manipulative activities depending on the function of gestures (i.e., imperative versus declarative pointing) as well as on specific stages of language acquisition. Declarative gestures were found to be more closely associated with speech development than imperative gestures, at least before the lexical spurt period. In addition, the comparison of hand-preference patterns in adults and infants showed stronger similarity for gestures than for object manipulation. The right-sided asymmetry for communicative gestures is thus established in early stages, which suggests a primary role of gestures in hemispheric specialization.Finally, our findings have highlighted the existence of a left-lateralized communication system controlling both gestural and vocal communication, which has been suggested to have a deep phylogenetic origin (e.g., Corballis, 2010). Therefore, the present work may improve current understanding of the evolutionary roots of language, including the mechanisms of cerebral specialization for communicative behaviors.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-03-22T17:26:45Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Magnun_DISSERTACAO_FINAL.pdf: 1540296 bytes, checksum: fc71cd85806540b80d03976dbc853af3 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2011-11-19 / The phenomenon of CV co-occurrence is characterized by the prevalent combination of some consonants and some vowels during the period of babbling along with the first words. Two main perspectives based on a dynamic origin have been evoked to explain the issue. The first one is called the Frame-then-Content theory (MACNEILAGE, 1998), which predicts that biomechanical inertia is the sensorimotor base of the syllable, the frame, preceding the phonic content. Under such view, the non-communicative movements would be the frame to the emergence of linguistic content phonic and the relationship between the movement and its acoustic effects would have privileged the speech, in the phylogenesis, as the main way to communication. The second perspective (ALBANO, 2009 a, b; 2011) states that the phonic factors in charge of forming the CV co-occurrence interact with individual differences and environmental conditions towards the child s linguistic production. In this work, we aim at (1) investigating the role played by the consonantal class of the sonorants and obstruents in the formation of CV coordination relations during the acquisition of BP. From this main goal, we have carried out a research on patterns of CV co-occurrence in longitudinal data of BP acquisition by 10 children, whose age was between 1:0 and 3:0 in the LIDES database, located in four age groups. We have also investigated the phenomenon in three stressing conditions unstressed initial syllable, stressed initial syllable and unstressed final syllable in an age group varying from 1:5 up to 2:5. Results show that child development seems to depend on the dynamics and motility in general. Such fact is evidenced by the changes regarding place of stressing and frequency of types and occurrences. This finding suggests that linguistic aspects, possibly determined be the grammar of the language, come into action more significantly in these positions, opposed to the claims of the Frame-and-Content theory. With respect to the role of the consonantal classes, we have found that the formation of the CV co-occurrences is strongly determined by the infant lexicon, which has been proved by the frequency of types and occurrences / O fenômeno da coocorrência CV caracteriza-se pela combinação prevalente de algumas consoantes com algumas vogais no período do balbucio e primeiras palavras. Duas vertentes principais, de origem dinâmica, têm sido utilizadas para explicar o fenômeno. A primeira delas é a teoria Frame-then-Content (MACNEILAGE, 1998), que prediz ser a inércia biomecânica a base sensório-motora da sílaba, o molde, precedente ao conteúdo fônico. Nessa linha, os movimentos não comunicativos seriam o molde para a emergência de conteúdo linguístico - fônico - e a relação do movimento com seus efeitos acústicos teria privilegiado a fala, na filogênese, como principal via de comunicação. A segunda vertente (ALBANO, 2009 a,b; 2011) afirma que os fatores fônicos formadores da coocorrência CV interagem com diferenças individuais e condições ambientais para a produção linguística da criança. Neste trabalho, objetivamos (1) investigar o papel desempenhado pela classe consonantais das soantes e das obstruintes na formação das relações de coordenação CV durante a aquisição do PB. A partir desse objetivo geral, pesquisamos os padrões de coocrrência CV em dados longitudinais de aquisição do PB de 10 crianças cujas faixas etárias situam-se entre 1:0 e 3:0 do Banco de dados LIDES, divididos em quatro grupos etários. Pesquisamos também fenômeno em três posições acentuais átona inicial, tônica e átona final em grupo etário de 1:5 a 2:5. Os resultados encontrados evidenciam que o desenvolvimento infantil parece ser subordinado a princípios da dinâmica e da motricidade em geral. Tal fato é evidenciado pela modificação dos vieses de combinações conforme a posição acentual investigada e pela frequência de tipos e ocorrências. Esse achado indica que aspectos linguísticos, determinados possivelmente pela gramática da língua, entram em ação mais fortemente nessas posições, fato que contraria as previsões da teoria Molde/Conteúdo. Em relação ao papel das classes consonantais, verificamos que a formação das coocorrências CV é determinada principalmente pelo léxico infantil, fato constatado pela frequência de tipos e ocorrências

A percepção gestual de três licenciandos em situações de uso de representações estruturais químicas (REQ) foi caracterizada em uma disciplina do curso de licenciatura de Metodologia de Ensino de uma universidade pública. Esta percepção foi construída a partir da análise em entrevistas de Lembrança Estimulada por Vídeo (LEV), de uma enquete e da análise de situações de sala de aula de episódios de ensino. A LEV é uma técnica de origem cognitiva que foi adaptada para o estudo em uma abordagem sociocultural. A comparação de dados nesta pesquisa empregou a multimodalidade como modelo teórico e metodológico para caracterizar as interações multimodais em sala de aula. Na categorização de episódios de ensino, adaptamos algumas categorias de Silva (2008) como as operações epistêmicas, a proxêmica e os suportes. Na análise gestual, utilizamos a categorização de Kendon (2004). A percepção gestual foi construída com categorias inspiradas no funcionalismo de Lemke (2009). Contrastamos a análise de aula com a entrevista e a enquete para validar as respostas da entrevista. Os resultados da comparação entre a percepção dos licenciandos contribuíram para diferenciar como cada sujeito identifica sua performance gestual. / The gestural perception of three pre-service teachers has been characterized when using of chemical structural representations (CSR) from public university in a course of Chemistry Teaching. This perception has been constructed with analysis of Stimulated Recall Interviews (SRI), polls and classroom analysis of teaching episodes. SRI is a technique based on cognitive approach which has adapted to sociocultural perspective. We compared data using multimodality as a theoretical methodological model to characterize multimodal interactions at classroom. In categorization of teaching episodes, we adapted some categories from Silva (2008) like epistemic operations, proxemic and media. In gestural analysis, we used Kendon (2004) categories. The gestural perception has been constructed motivate by functionalist of Lemke (2009). We contrast classroom analysis with interviews and polls to increase the reliability of answers in interviews. Results of comparative between pre-service teacher perceptions is some differences how each subject index their gestural performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-26T18:18:00Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Elisabeth Leone Gandini Romero.pdf: 1417367 bytes, checksum: f50be271658d860eba1795a024151a7c (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-05-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / The goal of this work is to investigate hand gestures in both communication and culture. It also aims to understand the gesture as image, analyzing some hand gestures in Image History. There are genetic and social-cultural codes interlaced in hand movements. Consequently, there is no way not to take them into account, for hands incorporate everything they reach for and everything that reaches for them too. This study embraces some aspects of gesture phylogeny due to the fact that mankind has its roots lost in time. Supported by recent etiologists researches, it confirms that no abyss separates man from other primates, and there are only common distinctions among species. Free hands encompass a true body revolution as well as a revolution in man s communication. In partnership with the brain, man faces material challenges with his technical gestures as well as with his psychological survival gestures present in culture. Gesture and image are mediators and both have their point of origin in the body. Therefore, this work privileges the primary media, but it also scopes secondary media. It shows the abundant hand gesture testimony present in cult images, art images and media images (Belting). The analysis of this corpus through Culture Semiotics Theory allows us to delineate an approach into hand gesture through some of its images: in communication and culture, ontogeny and phylogeny. Therefore the research supports itself on methodological resources developed by Ivan Bystrina, Harry Pross, Edgar Morin, Hans Belting, Régis Debray. It also articulates a dialogue with ideas and thoughts that come from the work of Ashley Montagu, Boris Cyrulnik, Eibl-Eibesfeldt, among other specialists in Communication Theory, Image Theory, Media Theory and Culture Theory / Este trabalho visa a investigar a gestualidade das mãos na comunicação e na cultura e, entendendo o gesto como imagem, refletir sobre as imagens de alguns gestos das mãos na História da Imagem. Nos gestos das mãos se entretecem os códigos genéticos e os socioculturais, e não se pode desconsiderá-los, pois as mãos incorporam tudo o que alcançam e tudo o que as alcança também. O estudo aborda alguns aspectos da filogênese do gesto pelo fato de os hominídeos terem raízes bem longínquas e, apoiado em recentes pesquisas de etólogos, confirma que nenhum abismo separa o homem dos outros primatas, mas apenas distinções comuns entre espécies. As mãos livres ensejam uma verdadeira revolução no corpo e na comunicação humana, e, em parceria com o cérebro, o homem enfrenta os desafios da matéria com seus gestos técnicos e os da sobrevivência psíquica, com seus gestos culturais. O gesto e a imagem são mediadores e têm seu ponto de origem no corpo. Assim, o trabalho focaliza a mídia primária, mas tange também a mídia secundária, evidenciando-se o testemunho prolixo da gestualidade das mãos presente nas imagens de culto, nas imagens da arte e nas imagens da mídia (Belting, 2001). A análise deste corpus pela Semiótica da Cultura nos permite delinear um percurso da gestualidade das mãos e de algumas de suas imagens, na comunicação e na cultura, na ontogênese e na filogênese. Para tanto, apoia-se em recursos metodológicos desenvolvidos por Ivan Bystrina, Harry Pross, Edgar Morin, Hans Belting e Régis Debray e articula um diálogo com as ideias de Ashley Montagu, Boris Cyrulnik e Eibl-Eibesfeldt, entre outros, nas teorias da Comunicação, da Imagem, da Mídia e da Cultura

A percepção gestual de três licenciandos em situações de uso de representações estruturais químicas (REQ) foi caracterizada em uma disciplina do curso de licenciatura de Metodologia de Ensino de uma universidade pública. Esta percepção foi construída a partir da análise em entrevistas de Lembrança Estimulada por Vídeo (LEV), de uma enquete e da análise de situações de sala de aula de episódios de ensino. A LEV é uma técnica de origem cognitiva que foi adaptada para o estudo em uma abordagem sociocultural. A comparação de dados nesta pesquisa empregou a multimodalidade como modelo teórico e metodológico para caracterizar as interações multimodais em sala de aula. Na categorização de episódios de ensino, adaptamos algumas categorias de Silva (2008) como as operações epistêmicas, a proxêmica e os suportes. Na análise gestual, utilizamos a categorização de Kendon (2004). A percepção gestual foi construída com categorias inspiradas no funcionalismo de Lemke (2009). Contrastamos a análise de aula com a entrevista e a enquete para validar as respostas da entrevista. Os resultados da comparação entre a percepção dos licenciandos contribuíram para diferenciar como cada sujeito identifica sua performance gestual. / The gestural perception of three pre-service teachers has been characterized when using of chemical structural representations (CSR) from public university in a course of Chemistry Teaching. This perception has been constructed with analysis of Stimulated Recall Interviews (SRI), polls and classroom analysis of teaching episodes. SRI is a technique based on cognitive approach which has adapted to sociocultural perspective. We compared data using multimodality as a theoretical methodological model to characterize multimodal interactions at classroom. In categorization of teaching episodes, we adapted some categories from Silva (2008) like epistemic operations, proxemic and media. In gestural analysis, we used Kendon (2004) categories. The gestural perception has been constructed motivate by functionalist of Lemke (2009). We contrast classroom analysis with interviews and polls to increase the reliability of answers in interviews. Results of comparative between pre-service teacher perceptions is some differences how each subject index their gestural performance.

Made available in DSpace on 2015-05-14T12:43:24Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 arquivototal.pdf: 1635919 bytes, checksum: de5111e4ceda11447df5cbe255b74d57 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2010-01-29 / Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior / This research regards an observational, qualitative study, which involves 08 (eight) hearing children and 03 (three) deaf children, aged between 7;7 and 11;10, in spontaneous daily interactions within a 3rd year Elementary School classroom in an inclusive private school, in Arapiraca, Alagoas. Our main goal is to identify the strategies adopted by hearing children for effective communication between them and the deaf. The corpus consists basically of 08 (eight) video recordings, each including 08 (eight) 30 minute sessions, from which we selected 09 (nine) episodes for analysis. We based our research on Kinesics, Proxemics and Tacesics, as well as on some studies on gesture in the acquisition and development of oral language and in the acquisition of sign language, based on Interactional Linguistics. Our thesis is that children have the ability to adapt linguistically to their interlocutors and our main hypothesis is that when interacting with deaf children, hearing children produce gestural speech that allow them to confirm, deny, ask, describe, narrate, explain, etc. and they are developing a communicative competence in a second language Brazilian Sign Language - to the point of being able to switch between the oral and sign language in an attempt to adapt their speech to the deaf children. Our analyses confirm our thesis that the children observed have the ability to adapt linguistically to their interlocutors, and show that sign language development occurs on a gesture-to-sign continuum, where the gestures socially learned and shared by both hearing and deaf children, enable the construction of meaning and, therefore, the achievement of communication between them. / Esta pesquisa é de natureza observacional, qualitativa, e envolve 08 (oito) crianças ouvintes e 03 (três) surdas, com idades entre 7;7 e 11;10, em situações de interação rotineiras na sala de aula do 3º Ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola inclusiva da rede particular, na cidade de Arapiraca, AL, buscando identificar as estratégias adotadas pelas crianças ouvintes para efetivação da comunicação entre elas e as crianças surdas. O corpus consiste, basicamente, de gravações em vídeo, totalizando 08 (oito) sessões de 30 (trinta) minutos cada, dentre as quais selecionamos 09 (nove) episódios para análise. Fundamentamos nossa investigação nos estudos sobre a cinésica, a proxêmica e a tacêsica, e em teorias, cuja abordagem linguística é interacionista, além de alguns estudos sobre o gesto na aquisição e desenvolvimento da linguagem oral e sobre a aquisição de língua de sinais. Defendemos a tese de que crianças têm a capacidade de se adaptarem linguisticamente aos seus interlocutores. Partimos da hipótese de que, na interação com crianças surdas, as crianças ouvintes produzem movimentos gestuais que lhes permitem, além de afirmar e negar, pedir, perguntar, descrever, narrar, explicar etc., desenvolver seus discursos gestuais através de retomadas, ao mesmo tempo em que estão desenvolvendo uma habilidade comunicativa em uma segunda língua a língua de sinais ao ponto de serem capazes de alternar entre a modalidade oral e a gestual, na tentativa de adaptar suas falas as das crianças surdas. Nossas análises confirmam nossa tese de que as crianças observadas têm a capacidade de se adaptarem linguisticamente aos seus interlocutores, e evidenciam que o percurso do gesto ao sinal se dá em um continuum, onde os gestos, socialmente apreendidos e compartilhados pelas crianças ouvintes e pelas crianças surdas, possibilitam a construção do sentido e, consequentemente, a concretização das interações entre elas.

Notre thèse, qui s’inscrit dans le champ de la linguistique interactionnelle. Elle porte sur les interactions au cours du repas entre amis dans les invitations en France. Basée sur les données audio et vidéo enregistrées en situation naturelle, cette étude empirique se donne pour but de montrer les modalités par lesquelles les participants co-construisent les deux activités principales déployées à table : « manger » et « parler ». Concernant l’activité de « manger », notre travail décrit en détail les interactions à partir du moment où les mangeurs s’installent à table jusqu’au moment où ils finissent le repas. Grâce à l’analyse verbale et multimodale, notre étude dégage les ressources linguistiques et multimodales mises en œuvre par les hôtes et les invités pour assurer le bon déroulement du repas. Quant à l’activité de « parler », elle est abordée à travers l’évaluation des plats servis. Notre analyse montre qu’à travers cette activité, les locuteurs expriment leur appréciation personnelle vis-à-vis des mets, en même temps qu’ils réalisent différents actions telles que complimenter, critiquer, s’auto-complimenter et s’auto-déprécier. L’enjeu de cette thèse est de mettre en lumière les principes connus mais inaperçus par lesquels les locuteurs français construisent l’interaction à table. / My dissertation, which lies within the framework of international linguistics, is about the interaction during meals among friends in invitations in France. Based on audio and video data recorded in naturally-occurring situations, this empirical study aims to show the modalities by which the participants co-construct the two main activities observed at table: eating and talking. Concerning eating, the study describes in detail the interactions since the eaters sit down at the table until they finish the meal. On the basis of verbal and multimodal analysis, this study brings out the linguistic and multimodal resources used by the hosts and the guests in order to make sure of the course of the meal. As for talking, this dissertation focuses on the assessment on the dishes served. The analysis shows that through the assessment on the dishes served, the speakers express their personal observation about the food, as well, they realize various actions such as complimenting, criticizing, self-complimenting and self-depreciating. The key issue of this study is to shed light on the principles seen but unnoticed by which the French speakers construct interaction at table.

L'agir professoral fait l'objet de recherches approfondies en didactiques des langues et des cultures. Si la multimodalité est considérée comme un élément définitoire de cette notion, peu d'études se sont penchées en détail sur la compréhension de cet aspect de l'action enseignante.Notre travail, mené dans une approche ethnographique, vise à analyser la pratique multimodale de deux enseignantes. Chacune intervient dans deux contextes pédagogiques : en cours de français langue première (FL1) et auprès de collégiens allophones apprenant le français langue seconde (FLS). Cela nous offre l'occasion d'étudier l'effet du contexte d'enseignement sur les actions professorales, en particulier celles mises en œuvre dans la construction de normes scolaires (linguistique et interactionnelle). Ce travail vise également à analyser le style professoral de ces enseignantes pour mettre au jour les invariants pédagogiques, d'un contexte à l'autre, dans la gestion de ces normes.Cette recherche s'appuie essentiellement sur l'observation et l'analyse de deux types de corpus : des films de classe, transcrits et annotés à l'aide du logiciel ELAN, et trois différents formats de corpus vidéoscopiques (autoscopie, hétéroscopie et autohétéroscopie).Les procédés de normalisation linguistique et interactionnelle sont appréhendés en croisant une analyse quantitative des productions verbales et gestuelles et une analyse qualitative, qui emprunte des outils à la linguistique énonciative, à l'analyse des discours et à l'analyse conversationnelle, ou encore à la microsociologie. / A considerable body of research has shown interest to teacher action. Though the nonverbal dimension of these actions is acknowledged, few studies have considered it thoroughly in their analysis. Hence, following an ethnographic approach, our work analyzes the verbal and nonverbal actions of two secondary school teachers. Each one teaches both French as an L1 to native speakers and French as a schooling language to non native speakers. This work attempts to assess the effect of the teaching contexts on the teachers' actions, and more specifically on the way they co-Construct school norms (language and interaction norms). It also aims at highlighting the normalizing process invariants from one teaching context to the next.This work relies on the observation and analysis of two types of corpora: video recorded class interaction, transcribed with ELAN, and three different types of videoed confrontations: the teacher's self-Confrontation, students' observation and comments of videoed interactions of their class, and the teacher's confrontation of her students' videoed reflections.We analyzed the norm construction strategies using both a quantitative and a qualitative approach of the verbal and nonverbal productions. We borrowed tools from various fields: enunciative linguistics, discourse analysis, conversation analysis, and micro-Sociology.

L’affinage technique et l’adoption récente des technologies tactiles multi-points par les industriels et les utilisateurs ont fixé l’attention des designers d’interaction sur ces technologies. Tandis que de nombreuses études en interaction homme-machine se sont intéressées à comparer la performance de ces interfaces à celle des interfaces WIMP traditionnelles, peu se sont attachées à intégrer dans leur approche les spécificités du canal gestuel et les modalités d’interactions multi-tactiles. Dans cette étude, je défends l’idée que le design de telles interactions ne peut être approché qu’en suivant un modèle d’interaction spécifique intégrant l’ensemble des composantes physiques, cognitives, sensorielles et motrices du geste dans le couplage homme-machine. J’articule ma recherche autour d’un espace de conception, courte analyse sociotechnique de mon objet d’étude, dans lequel je définis un modèle d’interaction descriptif et génératif. Je détermine un ensemble de principes conceptuels et techniques permettant l’évaluation et la conception du design d’interfaces multi-tactiles de manière systémique et extensible. Au cours de cette étude, je précise les limites du paradigme d’ « interface naturelle » en nuançant les effets du réalisme des interactions dans l’efficacité de tels systèmes. Enfin, je présente les travaux de conception et de développement d’un environnement de développement réalisé dans le cadre d’un dispositif CIFRE qui a accompagné cette étude et permis d’enrichir le modèle théorique. / The technical refinement and the recent adoption of multi-touch technologies by both the industry and users made these technologies a major concern for interaction designers. While many studies on human-computer interaction have started to compare this type of interface with traditional WIMP interfaces performance-wise, few have included in their approach the gestural and system mapping specificities of multi-touch interactions. In this study, I defend the idea that such interaction design should follow a specific interaction model taking into account physical, cognitive, sensitive and motor aspects of gestures in the human-computer relation. I define a design space, sort of socio-technical approach, which participates in the definition of a descriptive and generative interaction model. I establish a set of conceptual and technical principles that allow the evaluation and conception of multi-touch interfaces, in a systemic and extensible way. Throughout this study, I emphasize the limits of the « natural user interface » paradigm by having a better understanding of how interaction realism affects system efficiency. Finally, I present a multi-touch framework developed as part of a CIFRE collaboration, which helped this study in the design and the extension of the conceptual model.

No description available.